Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Особенности употребления англоязычной терминологии дизайна = English Design Terminology in Use. Учебное пособие.pdf
15. Phenomenon брит. [fəˈnɒmɪnən], амер. [fəˈnɑːmɪnən] (n)
явление, феномен, необыкновенное явление
The work becomes a cultural phenomenon. This phenomenon
must have a natural cause. Today design as a cultural phenomenon
remains underappreciated.
16. Solution брит. [səˈluːʃ(ə)n], амер. [səˈluːʃn] (n) решение,
раствор, разрешение
This can range from using the latest materials and technologies
to developing unique conceptual solutions. Creating environmentally
friendly solutions is becoming an important task. Sometimes writing
ink can be replaced with a resin solution.
17. Stimulate брит., амер. [ˈstɪm.jʊ.leɪt] (v) стимулировать,
поощрять, побуждать
Beauty and aesthetics stimulate the viewer‟s imagination. The
opportunity to participate in the project stimulated students‟ interest
in the problem. It is possible to stimulate people to buy such
furniture, but in most cases the effect does not last long.
18. Strive брит., амер. [straɪv] (v) бороться, стараться,
прилагать усилия
It is perfectly normal for human beings to strive for happiness.
Children do not like to lose and strive to be first in everything. Even
in the most difficult times, people strive for beauty.
19. Technology брит. [tekˈnɒlədʒi], амер. [tekˈnɑːlədʒi] (n)
технология, техника, специальная терминология
One of these periods is the improved technology of making
implements from copper. Thanks to a special colouring technology,
this dress appears different in a new light. The technology of
working with silk requires special skills.
20. Usable брит. [ˈjuːzəb(ə)l], амер. [ˈjuːzəbl] (adj.) годный
к употреблению, удобный, практичный, полезный
In the lower part of the valley there are many glades usable for
farming. The mask for the gamer has been invented to make the
game more usable. In order to make the water usable for drinking, it
can simply be boiled.
11
1) approach
2) concept
3) consumer
4) cornerstone
5) emergence
6) ensure
7) multifaceted
8) stimulate
9) strive
10) usable
a) концепция
b) стараться
c) многогранный
d) обеспечивать
e) стимулировать
f) краеугольный камень
g) подход
h) потребитель
i) полезный
j) возникновение
2. Match the words with their translation.
3. Match the words from the Active Vocabulary with the
following definitions:
1) the fact of something becoming known or starting to exist;
2) the answer to a problem;
3) having many different parts or sides;
4) a perception, feeling, or image about something or someone;
5) to make a great effort to achieve something or to struggle or
fight vigorously;
6) cause or encourage increased activity or interest in
something or someone;
7) an observable event or fact that stands out due to its
remarkable nature or extraordinary aspects;
8) the act of keeping something in good condition by checking
or repairing it regularly;
9) method or way of doing something;
10) application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes.
4. Fill in the gaps with the words from the Active
Vocabulary.
1. Teachers should … that students understand the material
before moving on to the next topic.
2. His innovative … helped the company save time and
resources.
12
3. Regular equipment … helps to avoid unexpected
breakdowns.
4. … of new technologies is significantly changing the labor
market.
5. A reliable team is the … of a successful project.
6. This interior design reflects a modern … with minimalist
elements.
7. Companies must understand … preferences to effectively
market their products.
8. She used her … skills to create a beautiful portrait of her
friend.
9. The software update made the app more … for people with
disabilities.
10. Her crayon … of a sunset brightened up the entire
classroom.
5. Make up your own sentences with the words from the
Active Vocabulary.
6. Translate the following sentences from Russian into
English using the words from the Active Vocabulary.
1. Новый подход к обучению позволяет студентам лучше
усваивать материал.
2. Я всегда ассоциирую успех с упорным трудом и предан-
ностью делу.
3. Концепция искусственного интеллекта охватывает мно-
жество различных технологий.
4. Он осознавал, какое влияние его слова могут оказать на
аудиторию.
5. Эта проблема имеет многоаспектный характер и требует
комплексного решения.
6. Мы должны стремиться к достижению наших целей,
несмотря на преграды.
7. Программа была переработана, чтобы сделать ее более
удобной и применимой для пользователей.
13
8. Интерактивные занятия помогут стимулировать интерес
студентов к предмету.
9. Затраты на обслуживание авиапарка могут значительно
повлиять на прибыль авиакомпании.
10. Технология объединяет современный дисплей и сканер
отпечатков пальцев.
Section 2. READING
1. Before you read the text, answer the following questions.
1. What is design?
2. Can we say that design is just about making beautiful
objects?
3. What three elements does design combine?
4. Why is functionality so important for good design?
5. How can design innovation manifest itself?
6. What considerations do designers take into account when
creating visually appealing solutions?
7. Why is innovation important in the design world?
8. How does design contribute to the quality of life of people
and society as a whole?
2. Read the text about design as a phenomenon.
What Is Design?
In English, the word design means “building”, “drawing” and is
also associated with the concept of “idea”, “project”, “plan” or even
“divine providence”. This multifaceted concept covers a wide range
of activities and professional disciplines.
Design as a phenomenon is much more than just the creation of
objects. It combines science, technology and art, while possessing
certain characteristics common to all three of these elements.
First, functionality is one of the cornerstones of successful
design. Designers strive not only to create visually appealing objects,
but also to ensure that these objects are practical and usable. A wellcrafted design makes it easier for people to interact with products
without having to think about the complications that can arise from
14
an inadequately designed form or structure. For example, in
industrial design, aspects such as ease of use and ease of
maintenance are important.
Second, aesthetics plays a key role. Human perception is very
sensitive to visual elements, and it is often the ones that form the first
impression of a product. Designers work carefully with shapes,
colours, textures and compositions to create visually appealing
solutions. Aesthetics should not only please the eye, but also evoke
positive emotions and be associated with certain values, which is
especially important for brands.
Third, innovation is an integral part of design. Designers are
constantly looking for new approaches and ideas that can change the
existing order of things. Innovation in design often leads to the
emergence of new trends and styles, which in turn stimulates the
development of entire industries.
15
1) usable
2) divine
3) multifaceted
a) characteristics
b) concept
c) disciplines
It is also worth noting the importance of social responsibility in
design. Modern designers are increasingly thinking about how their
work affects society and the environment. Creating environmentally
friendly solutions is becoming an important task as consumers are
becoming more conscious of their choices.
Thus, design is not just about creating objects, it is a complex
activity that affects many aspects of our lives. It shapes our
perception of the world, and improves the quality of life. Designers
have a responsibility to ensure that their work is not only aesthetic
and functional, but also social, environmental and cultural. This
makes design an important part of a modern society that strives for
harmony and progress.
3. Say if the following statements are true or false. Correct
the false ones.
1. Design is a narrow concept, it means “designing”.
2. Design is first of all an art.
3. Aesthetics in design is extremely important.
4. Visual elements can form the first impression of a product.
5. It is natural for a designer to constantly look for new
solutions.
6. The external attractiveness of a product comes first for
a designer, taking environmental factors into account is usually not
possible.
7. Designers create beautiful objects; other aspects are beyond
their competence.
8. Design is an important part of life in modern society.
9. Designers‟ solutions often change entire industries.
10. Functionality is one of the important features of good
design.
4. Match the two of the phrases from the text and recall the
sentences with them.
16
4) wide
5) professional
6) certain
7) visually appealing
8) human
9) integral
10) new
d) solution
e) part
f) perception
g) providence
h) range
i) approach
j) objects
5. Underline or mark the main ideas of the text and retell it
in English using the phrases from the exercise 4.
Section 3. SPEAKING
1. Consider the following passages [3] about the meaning of
the word shape.
Shape. The word shape comes from Middle English “create,
fashion, form”, as well as from Old English scapan, meaning “to
create, form”. The word is derived from the Proto-Germanic
*skapjanan and the Indo-European root *(s)kep-, which is related to
the actions of “cut, trim”. In Old English scieppan survived in
Middle English as shippen, but shape became a regular verb,
emerging by the 1500s. The meaning “to form in the mind” appeared
in the 14th century, and “to give a certain shape” in the 1580s.
The phrase shape up began to be used in 1865 to mean
“progress”, and later acquired the meaning “to get right” in 1938.
The noun shape in Old English meant “external form; creation”.
The meaning “contours of the body” has been noted since the late
14th century, and “condition” since 1865. The word misshapen
means “ill-formed”, and “scabies” has its roots in the Latin “scabies”
and refers to skin diseases.
2. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the origin of the word shape?
2. In what century did the meaning “to form in the mind” for
the word shape come into use?
3. When did the phrase shape up begin to be used to mean “get
right”?
17
4. What was the meaning of the noun shape in Old English?
5. What is the meaning of the word misshapen?
3. Prepare a short talk on the one of the following topics.
1. Design as Meaning and Form Making.
2. Form, Shape and Space in Design.
3. Innovation in Design: New Materials and Technologies.
4. Web Design and Linguistics.
5. The Future of Design.
Section 4. LISTENING
1. Listen to the recording and say if the following
statements are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1. Design is not about problem solving.
2. Design is used exclusively to create beautiful things.
3. Design plays an important role not only in aesthetics but also
in functionality.
4. Every person who creates something can be considered
a designer.
5. The design process does not require creativity.
2. Fill in the gaps with the words or phrases you hear.
1. It‟s the … to investigate and understand.
2. It‟s the … to give form to ideas.
3. Design is the ability to amend … .
4. If you‟ve ever built, tested, shipped, …, or reshipped
anything, then you‟re a designer.
5. It is the attempt to make … tools of mass construction.
18
UNIT 2. DESIGN AS A PROFESSION
LEAD-IN
Comment on the picture given below. What is there in the
picture? What is happening? What could have happened before?
A JOKE
Section 1. VOCABULARY AND WORD STUDY
1. Study the Active Vocabulary. Read and translate the
given sentences into Russian. Memorise the words.
1. Adapt брит., амер. [əˈdæpt] (v) адаптировать, приспо-
сабливаться, приспосабливать
19
Designers often work on several projects at the same time,
which requires flexibility and the ability to adapt quickly to new
conditions. Some animals can adapt to climate change faster than
others. To successfully promote your ideas, you need to be able to
adapt them to your target audience.
2. Architect брит. [ˈɑːkɪtekt], амер. [ˈɑːrkɪtekt] (n) архитек-
тор, зодчий, создатель, творец
Konstantin Melnikov was a prominent Russian architect and
designer known for his innovative projects such as the Architect‟s
House in Moscow and the unique pavilions at the 1925 All-Russian
Exhibition. He always dreamed of becoming an architect and
creating unique buildings. The architect proposed an original
solution for the reconstruction of an old house.
3. Audience брит., амер. [ˈɔːdiəns] (n) аудитория, зрители,
публика
There will always be an audience for romantic literature. Our
goal is to expand our audience through targeted marketing. She was
thrilled to perform in front of a live audience.
4. Branding брит., амер. [bræn.dɪŋ] (part.) брендирование,
снабжение товара торговой маркой, брендинг
In this training course, we will learn the basics of digital
branding. Branding is a key element of any firm‟s marketing
strategy. Our team is working on a branding strategy to increase
recognition in the market.
5. Collaborate брит., амер. [kəˈlæbəreɪt] (v) сотрудничать
(в том числе с врагом – предательски сотрудничать)
We can achieve better results if we collaborate with external
partners and stakeholders. The artists decided to collaborate on a new
album, blending their unique styles. During the conference, many
professionals had the opportunity to collaborate and network.
6. Competitive брит. [kəmˈpetɪtɪv], амер. [kəmˈpetətɪv] (adj.)
конкурентоспособный, конкурентный, конкурсный
Market research has found that our product is much more
competitive compared to its peers. Sports teams are constantly
working to improve their performance to remain competitive. Our
company‟s competitive advantage lies in our innovative approach to
technology development.
20