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Файл:Английский язык для обучающихся по энергетическим специальностям. Учебное пособие.pdf
Large d.c. gener ators are used in certain manufacturing process es, such as
steel making.
Generators of small capacities are used for various special purposes such
as welding, automobile generators, communication systems, train lighting, etc.
Fig. 2. Generator
4. Answer the questions.
1. What is a generator?
2. What is used to turn the generator?
3. What principal parts does the generator consist of?
4. What is an armature?
5. What is an electromagnet used for?
6. What genera l t ypes of generators do you know?
7. What is the shunt generator?
8. What is the compound generator?
9. What is the series generator?
10. Where are the generators used?
5. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Устройство для превращения механической энергии в электричес-
кую называется генератором.
2. Генератор состоит из следующих основных частей: якоря и элек-
тромагнита.
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3. Электромагнит используется для получения магнитного поля.
voltage |ˈvəʊltɪdʒ| – напряжение
primary |ˈprʌɪm(ə)ri| – первичный
– увеличи-
вторич-
to decrease |dɪˈkriːs| – умень-
step-up transformer |trænsˈfɔːmə| –
core |kɔː| – сердечник
induction |ɪnˈdʌkʃ(ə)n| – индукция,
1. A transformer is used for increas ing or d ecreas-
a) step-up
4. Существует три основных типа генераторов: с параллельным, сме-
шанным и последовательным возбуждением.
5. Большие генераторы постоянного тока используются в производ-
ственных процессах, таких как производство стали.
6. Генераторы малой мощности используются для различных специ-
альных целей.
6. Look at Fig. 2 and describe the generator operation.
UNIT 3. TRANSFORMERS
Vocabulary
to increase |ɪnˈkriːs|
вать(ся), повышать(ся)
шать(ся), понижать(ся)
winding |ˈwʌɪndɪŋ| – обмотка, ка-
тушка
secondary |ˈsɛk(ə)nd(ə)ri| –
ный
повышающий трансформатор
step-down transformer – понижаю-
щий трансформатор
индукционный
1. Fill in the blanks with suitable words and word combinations given
below.
ing ….
2. The princi pal parts of a transformer are t wo …
and an iron ….
3. The coil whi ch is s upplied with cu rrent is called
the … winding.
b) core
c) secondary
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4. The winding from which the current is taken is
called the … winding.
7. The voltage is decreased by means of a …
d) winding
1. The prima r y winding
a) is a ring of thin sheets of steel
d) is the winding which is supplied with
1) механическая энергия
a) electromagnet
5. The … consists of thin sheets of steel.
6. The voltag e is increas ed b y means of a … tran s-
former.
e) voltage
f) primary
g) step-down
transformer.
2. Form sentences combining suitable parts given in columns I and II.
2. A step-up transformer
3. A transformer
b) is the winding from which the current
is taken
c) is a transformer for increasing voltage
4. The secondary winding
5. A step-down trans-
current
e) is a device for changing the electric
former
6. The core
current from one voltage to another
f) is a transformer for decreasing voltage
3. Match English equivalents to the Russian words and word combina-
tions.
2) электрическая энергия
3) источник
4) основные части
5) электромагнит
6) движущаяся обмотка
7) медная проволока
8) смешанный
9) клемма, терминал
10) нагрузка
b) source
c) copper wire
d) load
e) main parts
f) manufacturi ng process
g) exciting coil
h) mechanical energy
i) moving coil
j) electrical energy
11) обмотка возбуждения
12) производственный процесс
13
k) terminal
l) compound
4. Read the text and be ready to answer the questions.
Transformers
The transfor mer is a dev ice f or chan gi ng t he el ectr ic cu rr ent fr om on e v ol tage to another . It is used for increasing o r decreasing voltage. A simple transformer is a kind of induction coil. In its usual form a transformer has no moving
parts.
The principal pa r ts of a transformer are coils and an iron core.
The coil which is supplied with current is called the primary winding or
"primary", for short. The winding from which the current is tak en is called the
secondary winding or "secondary", for short .
Тhе primary wind ing is connect ed to the source of s upply and the seco ndary winding is c onnected to the load.
The core cons ists of thin sheets of steel. In a large p ower station th e voltage is usually increased by means of a step-up transformer for transmission
over long distances.
Fig. 3. Transformer
14
At the place wh ere power i s n eeded, the volt age is decreased b y means of a
step-down transformer t o a value suitable for use in cons uming devices.
Large transformers are used in lоng-distance transmission lines. Two or
more kinds of transformers are used in all radio and television sets.
5. Answer the questions.
1. What is a transformer?
2. Has the transformer moving parts?
3. What parts does the transformer consist of?
4. What is a primary winding?
5. What do we call a secondary winding?
6. What is the core?
7. What transformer is used to step-up the voltage?
8. What is the step-down trans former used for?
9. Where are large transformers used?
10. Are transformers used in radio and television sets?
6. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Трансформатор – это устройство для изменения электрического то-
ка одного напряжения в ток другого напряжения.
2. Простой трансформатор – это вид индукционной катушки.
3. Основные части трансформатора – это две обмотки и железный
сердечник.
4. Первичная обмотка соединяется с источником снабжения.
5. Вторичная обмотка соединена с нагрузкой.
6. Сердечник состоит из тонких пластин стали.
7. Большие трансформаторы используются для передачи энергии на
большие расстояния.
7. Look at Fig. 3 and describe the generator operation.
15
PART II. GRAMMAR (VERBALS)
The form
Active
Passive
Simple Participle
reading
being read (3форма)
Perfect Participle
having read (3 ф.)
having been read (3 ф.)
Simultaneous actions
land we were
Prior Actions
to get a general idea
of the country we began to study the
with five gold
Kind of
1. Attribute (определение) – стоит рядом с определяемым существитель-
Participle I
The reading boy is
Читающий маль-
делающий (причас-
Participle I
The book being
Читаемая книга –
делаемый (прича-
Participle II
The magazine read
er was
Журнал, прочитан-
сделанный (прича-
UNIT 4. PARTICIPLE
P I Simple Active
Making a tour of Eng
P I Perfect Active
Having decided
struck by its “park like” appearance.
P I Simple Passive
The monument bein g erected now on
this square will be soon unveiled
map.
P I Perfect Passive
Having been presented
coins, Judy went shopping
Functions of the Participle
English version Translation Notes
the Participle
ным и характеризует его. Отвечает на вопросы: какой? какая? какие?
Active
Passive
my brother.
read is on the table.
чик – мой брат.
на столе.
тие действительного залога несовершенного вида)
стие страдательного залога несовершенного вида)
by my moth
ный мамой, был
стие страдательно-
given to me.
отдан мне.
го залога совершенного вида)
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2. Adverbial modifier (обстоятельство) – стоит до или после группы под-
лежащее + сказуемое (+ дополнение) и характеризует все предложение.
Participle I
Reading in the library I saw my
Читая в библиоте-
делая (деепричас-
шенного вида)
Participle I
Being read the
composition was
Когда сочинение
а) глагол-сказуемое
Participle II
When read the
book was given to
После того как
библиотеку.
а) глагол-сказуемое
с предлогом
Perfect
Having read the
text I began to do
Прочитав текст, я
сделав (дееприча-
Perfect
Having being read
Когда стихотво-
а) глагол-сказуемое
ное
3. Part of the simple verbal predicate (часть простого глагольного сказу-
fect и Passive Voice.
Participle I
He is reading a
Он читает книгу.
личная форма гла-
Participle I
Passive
The story is being
read by him.
История читается
им.
Participle II
I have read this
Я прочитал книгу.
I was given a diffi-
Мне дали трудное
Active
Passive
Participle
Active
friend
corrected
the library.
exercises.
ке, я увидел моего
друга.
читали (во время
чтения), его исправляли.
книгу прочитали
(после прочтения), её вернули в
начал выполнять
упражнения.
тие действительного залога несовер-
придаточного предложения;
б) существительное
с предлогом
придаточного предложения;
б) существительное
стие действительного залога совер-
Participle
Passive
емого) – выражает действие, совершаемое подлежащим. Стоит после глаголов to be и to have в личной форме во временах группы Continuous, Per-
Active
the poem was learnt
by heart.
book.
book.
рение прочитали
(после прочтения), его выучили
наизусть.
шенного вида)
придаточного предложения;
б) существитель
с предлогом
гола в нужном
времени и наклонении
cult task.
задание.
17
Self-Training Exercises
1. Translate the sentences into Ru ssian and explain the difference b e-
tween Participle I and Participle II. Define the functions.
1. That man readi n g a book is the most capab l e sp eci al i s t in our lab oratory.
The book read by the teacher was about the heroes of our country.
2. The man showing the diagrams is our teacher. The diagram shown
above is very interesting.
3. Translati ng the text we learn a lo t of new words. The tex t translated by
the student contained many words.
4. I studied the book on physics written by our teacher. Writing the exer-
cise I understood how to use the Participle.
2. Translate into English using the Participle II.
1. Полученные (to obtain) results had great importance.
2. Пройденные (to pass) kilometers were very difficult.
3. Известный (to know) address helped us greatly.
4. Услышанная (to hear) melody made me recall my youth.
5. Оставленная (to leave) clothes were in bad condition.
6. Вымытая (to wash) plate has broken to pieces.
3. Define the Pa rticipial construct ion with Participle I af ter the determinate word. Note that Participles should be translated in the tense in
which the predicate of the main clause is used.
1. They were looking at the children playing in t he garden.
2. The substance affecting a magnetic field was metallic.
3. The scientists following this technique investigated some phenomena of
radioactivity.
4. The metals being electrical conductors will make very suitable electrodes.
5. The accelerati on of a body is proportional to t he force causing it.
6. The relative density of a gas is equal to the molecular weight of the other gas (usually hydrogen) being used as the standard.
18
7. The volumes of gases entering into or resulting from a chemical reaction
may be represented by a simple ratio of small numbers.
8. The remaining light, coming as it does from the edge of the sun, is much
altered in quality, so that both sky and landscape take on a stra nge colour.
9. Under th ese cond ition s we may t reat th e cor pus cle as co nsist ing a g roup
of waves having nearly identical frequencies.
4. Define the Participial constructions with Participle I, translate the
sentences.
1. Counting the net charges on each atom o f the two compounds, recko ning an electron which is shared between the atoms as contributing half of its
charge to each, the following scheme is obtained.
2. Several rays of light are shown passing from medium 2 to medium 1 in
which their velocity is greater.
3. Rising fro m a su bstance illuminated by certain rays these particles can
be observed.
4. To the wri ter’s knowl edg e si milar ro cks h ave no t been repo rt ed as exis ting elsewhere.
5. While iso lating and sep arating radium, Mme Curie found other radioactive elements.
6. It is a matter of common observation that light is refracted when passing
from one medium into another.
7. Solonchak soils as morphological units are rare, occurring, when they
do, in step positions.
5. Translate the sentences. Define the Participial constructions with
Perfect Participle.
1. Having beco me familiar with the main l aws of static, we can study t he
laws of dynamics.
2. Having accep ted this set of laws, we can predict many things abou t the
union of chemical substances.
3. Having obtained the necessary compound, we could finish our experiment.
19
4. Having mixed these two substances, we put the mixture into a clean
source |sɔːs| – источник
furnace |ˈfəːnɪs| – печь
contribution|kɒntrɪˈbjuːʃ(ə)n| – вклад
to make use of – использовать
application|aplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n| – применение
everyday life – повседневная
to imagine |ɪˈmædʒɪn| – представить
to measure |ˈmɛʒə| – измерять
as for – что касается
to serve |səːv| – служить, обслу-
current |ˈkʌr(ə)nt| – ток
to |trænsˈfɔːrm| – преобразовывать
device |dɪˈvaɪs| – прибор
owing to |ˈəʊɪŋ| – благодаря
to be familiar with |fəˈmɪlɪə| – хорошо
to weigh |weɪ| – весить
to do without – обходиться без
to heat |hiːt| – нагревать
to mention |ˈmɛnʃ(ə)n| – отмечать
pyrometer |pʌɪˈrɒmɪtə| – пирометр
test-tube (пробирка).
5. Mendeleyev s hould be regarded as having discovered the l aw of perio-
dicity of the chemical elements.
6. Having d escribed in a g eneral w ay what is m eant by an el ectric cu rrent,
the next step is to introduce quantitative measures for such currents and their
effects.
Text
Electrical Current Serves Us In A Thousand Ways
Vocabulary
жизнь
живать
знать
The electric curr ent was born in the year 1800 wh en Volta constr ucted the
first source of continuous current. Since that time numerous scientists and in-
ventors, Russian and foreign, have greatly contributed to its further develop-
ment and practical application.
As a result, we can no t i mag i n e modern civilizati on w i th ou t th e el ect r i c cu rrent. We can’t imagine how peo ple could do without th e electric lamp, wit hout
vacuum cleaner s, refrigerat ors, washing m achines and o ther electricall y operat-
20