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Файл:Lingua Latina in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium). Study aid
.pdf
1
federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education
“Samara State Medical University”
Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation
Department of Foreign and Latin Languages
T.V. Rozhkova, E.V. Bekisheva, E.V. Aleksandrova
LINGUA LATINA
IN PHARMACIA
(for students in the English medium)
Study aid
Moscow
IPR Media
2026
2
UDC 811.124:615(075.8)
BBK 81.461:55.82
R87
Authors:
Rozhkova T.V. — Candidate of Philological Sciences,
Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Foreign Languages and Latin;
Bekisheva E.V. — Doctor of Philological Sciences,
Professor, Department of Foreign Languages and Latin;
Aleksandrova E.V. — Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences,
Associate Professor, Department of Foreign Languages and Latin
Reviewers:
Shevchenko V.D. — Doctor of Philological Sciences,
Associate Professor, Head of the Department of English Philology,
Samara National Research University;
Kurkina A.V. — Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
Associate Professor, Head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technologies
with the Course of Biotechnologies,
Samara State Medical University
Rozhkova, Tamara Valentinovna.
R87 Lingua Latina in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium) : study aid /
T.V. Rozhkova, E.V. Bekisheva, E.V. Aleksandrova : Samara State Medical University. —
Moscow : IPR Media, 2026. — 188 p. — Text : electronic.
ISBN 978-5-4497-4823-2
The study aid “Lingua Latina in Pharmacia” allows the students to master the Latin
language at the level necessary for practical work of a pharmasist. The edition contains
grammar reference, pharmaceutical and medical vocabulary, and tasks designed so that students develop the skills in usage, building and interpretation of pharmaceutical and clinical
terms, as well as medical prescriptions.
The study aid meets the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of
Higher Education and Specialist’s Degree Program on Pharmacy, Academic Course Work-
ing Programm “Latin Language” approved by the Central Coordination Methodological
Council of Samara State Medical University. The study aid is aimed for students of medical
and pharmaceutical universities, who study in the English medium.
Educational electronic publication
Approved and recommended to the publishing
by the Central Coordination Academic Council,
Samara State Medical University (Protocol № 9 of 05.06.2024)
ISBN 978-5-4497-4823-2 © Rozhkova T.V., Bekisheva E.V.,
Aleksandrova E.V., 2026
© Samara State Medical University, 2026
© LLC Company “IPR Media”, 2026
3
Educational publication
Rozhkova Tamara Valentinovna
Bekisheva Elena Vladimirovna
Aleksandrova Ekaterina Valentinovna
Editor Yu.V. Semenova
Technical editor, computer layout Е.A. Shugar
Cover by Ya.A. Kirsanov, S.S. Siziumova, photobank Freepik
Signed for use 14.10.2025. Data volume 8 Mb.
LLC Company “IPR Media”
8 800 555 22 35 (toll-free within Russia)
E-mail: sales@iprmedia.ru
4
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 6
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY ....................................................... 7
ACADEMIC HYMN “GAUDEAMUS IGITUR” ................................................. 9
Unit 1. Alphabet. Pronunciation of vowels and consonants. Stress.
Dictionary form of nouns ......................................................................................... 11
Unit 2. Nouns of the 1st declension. Adjectives of the 1st declension. ....................... 18
Unit 3. The 1st Declension of nouns and adjectives. ................................ ................. 23
Unit 4. Latin Verbs. ................................ ................................................................ . 27
Unit 5. Medical prescription. ................................................................................... 33
Unit 6. The 2nd Declension of nouns and adjectives. ................................................ 41
Unit 7. Verbs in Praesens Indicativi Activi et Passivi.
Verbs in Praesens Conjunctivi Activi et Passivi. ...................................................... 47
Unit 8. Adjectives designating the groups of drugs according
to their pharmacological action. ............................................................................... 53
Unit 9. Chemical elements in Latin. Names of acids and oxides. ............................. 59
Unit 10. Revision. Grammar. ................................................................................... 64
Unit 11. Revision. Medical Prescriptions. ................................................................ 67
Unit 12. Nouns of the 3rd declension (masculine gender). ........................................ 70
Unit 13. Nouns of the 3rd declension (feminine gender).
Word-building: suffixes -itis, -osis, -iasis, -io,
Suffixes of anions - as, -is, -id(um). ......................................................................... 77
Unit 14. Nouns of the 3rd declension (neuter gender).
Word-building: suffixes -oma, -ema. ........................................................................ 83
Unit 15. Revision: Grammar. ................................................................................... 89
Unit 16. Revision: Medical Prescriptions. ................................................................ 92
Unit 17. Revision. Units 1-14 (part 1). ..................................................................... 96
Unit 18. Revision. Units 1-14 (part 2). ..................................................................... 99
Unit 19. Nouns of the 3rd declension: vowel and mixed types. ............................... 101
Unit 20. Nouns of the 3rd declension: specific aspects.
Antibiotic medicines. ............................................................................................. 107
Unit 21. Revision: Antiviral and antifungal medicines. .......................................... 115
Unit 22. Revision: Anaesthetic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicines. ........ 119
5
Unit 23. The names of sera, vaccines, toxoids.
Hormone and hypoglycemic medicines. ................................................................. 122
Unit 24. Adjectives of the 3rd declension.
Medicines acting on the nervous system................................. ................................ 126
Unit 25. The present participle.
Antineoplastic medicines. ...................................................................................... 134
Unit 26. The Nouns of the 4th declension. .............................................................. 139
Unit 27. Nouns of the 5th declension.
Medicines for diagnostics. ...................................................................................... 145
Unit 28. Degrees of comparison of adjectives.
Medicines for blood diseases and blood vessel diseases. ........................................ 150
Unit 29. Irregular and incomplete forms of the degrees of comparison.
Diuretic and antihistamine medicines. .................................................................... 155
Unit 30. Word-building prefixes.
Medicines for lung conditions. ............................................................................... 161
Unit 31. Revision: Medicines for conditions of the various body parts. ................. 166
Unit 32. Revision of medical prescriptions.
Figures and chemical compounds in the names of medicines. ................................ 171
Unit 33. Revision: Medical prescriptions. .............................................................. 175
Unit 34. Revision: Clinical Terms and Medicine Classes (part 1) .......................... 179
Unit 35. Revision: Clinical Terms and Medicine Classes (part 2). ......................... 183
Unit 36. Revision: Example of the examination card. ............................................ 186
TABLE OF DECLENSIONS .............................................................................. 187
REFERENCES ..................................................................................................... 188
6
INTRODUCTION
«Lingua Latina in Pharmacia» is a professionally oriented course. Medical
terminology based on the Greek and Latin languages is particularly significant for
medical students training. The course of Latin helps medical students of junior years
to comprehend and to explain terms of various medical disciplines. The aim of this
book is to explain the structure of pharmaceutical, clinical terms, and the structure of
medical prescriptions, and to develop the skills of professional communication. The
book considers those grammar sections of the Latin language and vocabulary that
meet the requirements of Pharmacy and the related medical disciplines.
«Lingua Latina in Pharmacia» consists of three main parts. The book begins
with the «Introductory Section», which presents foreign students’ carol «Gaudeamus» and a brief history of Latin medical terminology. Then comes the main section
which is divided into two Parts (18 units in each). Part I deals with general pharmaceutical terminology, structure of the medical prescriptions, and clinical terms. These
topics are continued and supplemented with pharmacological classes of medicines in
Part II.
Each section is structured as a succession of units. Each unit contains grammar
reference on the main issues of Latin grammar relevant to the pharmaceutical context,
list of active vocabulary, some Latin aphorisms and set expressions, clinical terms as
well as the exercises contributing to the practical skills developing. English-Latin and
back translation as well as explaining the meaning of pharmaceutical terms. The Eng-
lish section provides several variants of translation if it’s important for the under-
standing of the terms.
Good luck with your work on Medical Latin.
7
HISTORY OF MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
Medical terminology is a system of words that is used to describe specific med-
ical notions and diseases. It is based on standard root words, prefixes, and suffixes.
Medical terminology has evolved to a greater extent from the Latin and Greek languages.
Some names for conditions came from the works of Galen (130–200 AD), a
Greek physician who wrote texts on herbal medicine and human health. These works
were influential with medical practitioners for almost 1,500 years. The names of
many pharmaceutical preparations, diseases and conditions introduced by Galen are
preserved nowadays. This accounts for the fact that the second most common source
of medical words is the Greek language. Other older roots have their origin in Arabic.
This is due to the fact that Arabic scholars were important teachers of medicine
through the Middle Ages.
During the Renaissance, the science of Anatomy appeared. Many early anato-
mists were faculty members in Italian medical schools. These early anatomists coined
Latin names to structures that they discovered. This tradition has been continued by
the following generations of scholars. For this reason, Latin accounts for the majority
of root words in the English language.
From 1650 till 1850 the system of medical terminology was being developed.
By that time Latin had become the language of educated people. That is why so many
Latin linguistic elements (prefixes, roots, and suffixes) are used in modern vocabulary.
Some words in modern medical terminology have been borrowed from Biolo-
gy. Many of these are the names of genus and species of pathogens. The use of Latin
for these names dates back to Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) who founded the modern
system of taxonomy.
However, in the second half of the XX century the language of medicine bor-
rowed a lot of special words from the English language. This reflects the preeminence of the English language in medicine and biomedical sciences. Some prefixes and suffixes of Latin origin have been modified in modern languages. Some Greek
words became the wordbuilding elements for compound medical terms. In medical
descriptions and terminology, they are attached to root words rather than being used
separately. Prefixes are frequently used to indicate locations on the body or directions
relative to planes or structures in the body. Both early anatomists and modern surgeons demand accurate description of scientific objects. The system of current medical terminology provides appropriate term elements to satisfy this need.
8
In many respects, medical terms are a kind of language that demands memoriz-
ing and mastering. Having a working knowledge of medical terminology is absolutely necessary to be a success in medical science and practice. It is highly useful for individuals who interact with medical professionals. Although knowledge of classical
Latin or Greek is no longer the prerequisite for medical training as it was 50 years
ago, knowledge of Latin eases the burden of learning much modern medical terminology.
9
ACADEMIC HYMN “GAUDEAMUS IGITUR”
«Gaudeamus Igitur» («So Let Us Rejoice») or just «Gaudeamus», is a popu-
lar academic hymn in many European countries, mainly sung or performed at university and high-school graduation ceremonies.
The song is thought to originate in a Latin manuscript from 1287. It was known
as a beer- drinking song in many early universities and is the official song of many
schools, colleges, universities, institutions, student societies and is the official anthem
of the International University Sports Federation.
A German translation of these verses was made in about 1717 and published in
1730 without music. A Latin version in a handwritten student songbook, dating from
some time between 1723 and 1750, is preserved in the Berlin State Library. However,
it differs considerably from the modern text. The current Latin lyrics with a German
translation were published by Halle in 1781. It was written by Christian Wilhelm
Kindleben (1748-1785), who made important changes in the text.
The present melody was published together with Kindleben's German lyrics
published in Leipzig in 1782, The first publication of the present Latin text together
with the present melody was probably in 1797.
The latest version for male chorus with piano accompaniment was made by the
Russian composer Peter Tchaikovsky (1874).
Gaudeamus Igitur
Gaudeamus igitur,
Juvenes dum sumus;
Post icundum iuventutem,
Post molestam senectutem
Nos habebit humus.
Let us therefore rejoice,
While we are young;
After our youth,
After a troublesome old age
The ground will hold us.
Vita nostra brevis est,
Brevi finietur;
Venit mors velociter,
Rapit nos atrociter;
Nemini parcetur.
Our life is brief,
It will shortly end;
Death comes quickly,
Cruelly snatches us;
No-one is spared.
Ubi sint qui ante nos
In mundo fuere?
Vadite ad superos,
Transite in inferos
Where are those who before us
Existed in the world?
You may go up to the gods,
You may cross into the underworld
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Hos si vis videre.
If you wish to see them.
Vivat academia,
Vivant professores,
Vivat membrum quodlibet,
Vivat membra quaelibet;
Semper sint in flore!
Long live the university,
Long live the teachers,
Long live each male student,
Long live each female student;
May they always flourish!
Vivat et republica
Et qui illam regit.
Vivat nostra civitas,
Maecenatum caritas
Quae nos hic protegit.
Long live the state
And those who rule it.
Long live our city,
And the charity of benefactors
Which protects us here.
Vivant omnes virgines,
Faciles, formosae!
Vivant et mulieres,
Tenerae, amabiles,
Bonae, laboriosae.
Long live all young women,
Easy and beautiful!
Long live wives as well,
Tender, loveable,
Honest, hardworking.
Pereat tristitia,
Pereant osores.
Pereat diabolus,
Quivis antiburschius
Atque irrisores!
Perish sadness,
Perish haters.
Perish the devil,
Whoever is against the student fraternity,
As well those who mock us!
Quis confluxus hodie
Academicorum?
E longinquo convenerunt,
Protinusque successerunt
In commune forum.
Who has gathered now
Of the university?
They gather from long distances,
Immediately joining
Our common forum.
Vivat nostra societas,
Vivant studiosi!
Crescat una veritas,
Floreat fraternitas,
Patriae prosperitas.
Long live our fellowship,
Long live the studious!
May truth and honesty thrive,
Flourish with our fraternity,
And our homeland be prosperous.
Alma Mater floreat,
Quae nos educavit;
Caros et commilitones,
Dissitas in regiones
Sparsos, congregavit.
May our Alma Mater thrive,
That which educated us;
Dear ones and comrades,
Who we let scatter afar,
Let us assemble.
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