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Lingua Latina in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium). Study aid

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41
UNIT 6
THE 2ND DECLENSION OF NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES
The 2nd declension combines the words of the masculine and neuter gender. Nouns of the masculine gender have the endings -us or -er in Nom. sing. and
the ending -i in Gen. sing., e.g. musculus, i, m, cancer, i, m.
2nd declension
Example (masculinum)
Singularis
Pluralis
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
-us (er)
-i
sirupus amarus
sirupi amari
Gen.
-i
-orum
sirupi amari
siruporum amarorum
Dat.
-o
-is
sirupo amaro
sirupis amaris
Acc.
-um
-os
sirupum amarum
sirupos amaros
Abl.
-o
-is
sirupo amaro
sirupis amaris
Nouns of the neuter gender have the endings -um or -on in Nom. sing. and the
ending -i in Gen. sing., e.g. cranium, i, n, sceleton, i, n.
Mind: the form of the words in the neuter gender in Nominativus singularis and
Accusativus singularis are similar; in Noninativus pluralis and Genetivus pluralis the forms are also similar but they have the ending -a.
2nd declension
Example (neutrum)
Singularis
Pluralis
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
-um (on)
-a
oleum purum
olea pura
Gen.
-i
-orum
olei puri
oleorum purorum
Dat.
-o
-is
oleo puro
oleis puris
Acc.
-um (on)
-a
oleum purum
olea pura
Abl.
-o
-is
oleo puro
oleis puris
There are some exceptions: bolus, i, f — clay, bolus (a large pill), periodus, i,
f — period, virus, i, n - virus. These words are declined according to the 2nd declen-
sion of masculine gender. But the adjective with these nouns are declined as feminine gender or neuter gender (1st, 2nd, or 3d declensions).
The names of trees and bushes are always of feminine gender, e.g. Pinus, i, f —
pine.
Sing.
Plur.
Nom.
bolus alba
boli albae
Gen.
boli albae
bolorum albarum
42
Sing.
Plur.
Dat.
bolo albae
bolis albis
Acc.
bolum albam
bolos albas
Abl.
bolo alba
bolis albis
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
decoctum, i, n emulsum, i, n emplastrum, i, n extractum, i, n folium, i, n glycosidum, i, n globulus, i, m infusum, i, n linimentum, i, n medicamentum, i, n medicus, i, m morbus, i, m oculus, i, m oculoguttae oleum, i, n remedium, i, n sirupus, i, m succus, i, m suppositorium, i, n unguentum, i, n vitrum, i, n periodus, i, f virus, i, n
Anisum, i, n Cacao (isn’t declined) Butyrum Cacao Helianthus, i, m Helichrysum, i, n Ichtyolum, i, n Leonurus, i, m Linum, i, n Millefolium, i, n Achillea millefolium oleum Ricini Oxycoccus, i, m
— decoction — emulsion — patch, adhesive patch — extract — leaf — glycoside — globule (a small spherical pill) — infusion, herbal tea — liniment, liquid cream — medicine, drug — doctor — disease, illness — eye — eye drops — oil — remedy — syrup — juice, sap — suppository — ointment, cream — vial, flask — period — virus
— nise — cocoa, cacao — cacao butter — sunflower — immortelle, strawflower — ichtyol — motherwort — flax, linen — milfoil, yarrow
— castor oil — cranberry
43
Rheum, i, n Riboflavinum, i, n Rubus idaeus Saccharum, i, n Strophanthus, i, m Vaselinum, i, n
Alnus, i, f Amygdalus, i, f bolus, i, f Crataegus, i, f Eucalyptus, i, f Pinus, i, f Sorbus, i, f Strychnus, i, f
in vitro nigro
in vitro fusco
— rhubarb — riboflavin — red raspberry, European raspberry — sugar — strophanthus — petroleum jelly, vaseline, petrolatum
— alder — almond — clay, bolus (a large pill) — hawthorn — gum tree — pine, pine tree — mountain ash — poison-nut
— in the black vial/flask, in the vial/flask of black colour — in the dark vial/flask, in the vial/flask of dark colour
LATIN SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS
in vivo
in vitro
— under the natural conditions, in the natural enviroments — in the laboratory, in the test-tube
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- sirupus ruber;
- decoctum medicatum;
- periodus longa.
Task II. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into
English.
1. oleum Olivarum
2. plantae vitaminosae
3. folia Aloës et extractum rodiolae roseae
4. infusum foliorum salviae
5. oleum Terebinthinae in unguentis et linimentis
44
6. in lagoenas coeruleas et ollas cinereas
7. in baccis Oxycocci
8. Da folia Mentae piperitae in scatula.
9. Exsicca gemmas Betulae.
10. paesribite sirupum Rubi idaei
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. compound globules et compound suppositories
2. castor-oil in capsules
3. drops of poison-nut tincture
4. herb of motherwort and leaves of sunflower
5. licorice syrup in a black vial
6. (sing.) Give the dried herbs in paper.
7. (sing.) Take the castor oil in a dark vial.
8. (plur.) Add sea buckthorn oil into the tincture.
9. (plur) Preserve the tablets in the box.
10. (plur) Filter the cold oil.
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from Latin into
English.
11
Recipe:
Foliorum Farfarae Foliorum Calendulae Aquae destillatae Misce. Signa.
ana 20.0 100 ml
12
Recipe:
Infusi foliorum Sennae Tincturae Menthae Misce. Da. Signa.
10 ml 150 ml
13
Recipe:
Olei Eucalypti cinereae Succi Aloes Aquae destillatae quantum satis Misce. Da. Signa.
guttas X 5 ml
45
14
Recipe:
Infusi foliorum Rubi idaei Tincturae Echinaceae purpureae Misce. Da in vitro nigro.
15,0–200 ml 30 ml
15
Recipe:
Extracti Aloes fluidi Da tales doses Numero 6 in ampullis. Signa.
1 % — 1 ml
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
16
Take:
Juice of levant wormseed Juice of motherwort Distilled water Mix. Give. Designate.
20 ml 60 ml 150 ml
17
Take:
Tincture of poison-nut Tincture of magnolia vine Mix. Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 5 ml
18
Take:
Herb of burnet Distilled water Mix. Give. Designate.
50.0 100 ml
19
Take:
Oil of almonds Powedered leaves of senna Mix. Give. Designate.
100.0
50.0
20
Take:
White clay Oil of gum tree Mix. Give in a black vial. Designate.
15.0 3 drops
Task VI. Study and memorize the following term-elements.
-aemia haemat­angi anth chloro
— blood — blood — vessel — flower — pale green
ot syn- (sym-) rhin rrh(o)ea rrhagia
— ear — together, with — nose — discharge of fluid — discharge of blood
46
glyc laryng myc ophthalm
— sweet — larynx — fungus — eye
pharyng phyll pyr tox
— pharynx, throat — leaf — fever — poison, toxin
Task VII. Find the term-elements in the following Latin terms and explain
their meanings.
haematologia anaemia dermatologus otorhinolaryngologia dermatomycologia angiocardiopathia
phleborrhaphia otorrhoea glycaemia toxicologia anophthalmia synanthia (in Botany)
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VIII. Derive Latin and English terms with the following meanings,
write down the dictionary form of Latin words.
1. pain in one part of the body resulting from hurt or injury in another part; re-
ferred pain
2. the free discharge of a thin mucus fluid from the nose
3. a specialist who studies and treats blood disorders
4. haemorrhage from the stomach
5. gastro(intestinal) bleeding
6. ENT specialist
7. any disease of the stomach
8. pain caused by irritation of or damage to a nerve
9. specialist in the care of the teeth and gums, and the treatment of oral disease
and decay
10. the branch of biology that deals with fungi.
47
UNIT 7
VERBS IN PRAESENS INDICATIVI ACTIVI ET PASSIVI.
VERBS IN PRAESENS CONJUNCTIVI ACTIVI ET PASSIVI
Latin verbs have six categories (see Unit 4).
1. Person.
2. Number.
3. Tense.
4. Mood.
5. Voice.
6. Verb conjugation.
The category of mood refers to the manner of indicating the action or state of
the verb. Latin verbs have three moods: the Indicative (governs facts), the Imperative (governs orders and request), and the Subjunctive (deals with hypothesis/potentiality and subordination).
The category of voice refers to whether the subject receives the action or per-
forms the action. Latin verbs have two voices, active and passive
There are 4 verb conjugations in the Latin language. In medicine the forms of the 3d person singular (he, she, it) and 3d person plural
(they) are used. The endings of the verbs in the form of Present Simple (Praesens In­dicativi in Latin) in Active and Passive voice (Activum et Passivum in Latin) are giv­en in the table.
Praesens Indicativi Activi et Passivi
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
Singularis
-t
-tur
Pluralis
-nt
-ntur
To make the forms of the verbs of the I and II conjugations in Praesens Indica-
tivi Activi et Passivi we need to add the ending to the stem of the verb (to find the stem [see Unit 4].
E.g.: curāre (I) — to cure
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
Singularis
curat (he cures)
curatur (he is cured)
Pluralis
curant (they cure)
curantur (they are cured)
48
To make the forms of the verbs of the III conjugation in Praesens Indicativi
Activi et Passivi in singular we add the letter - i - and then the endings to the stem of the verb. In plural form the letter - u - and then the endings are added to the stem of the verb.
E.g.: recipĕre (III) — to take
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
singularis
solvit (he dissolves)
solvitur (it is dissolved)
pluralis
solvunt (they dissolve)
solvuntur (they are dissolved)
To make the forms of the verbs of the IV conjugation in Praesens Indicativi
Activi et Passivi in singular we add the endings to the stem of the verb. In plural form the letter - u - and then the endings are added to the stem of the verb.
E.g.: audire (IV) — to listen
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
singularis
audit (he listens)
auditur (he is listened)
pluralis
audiunt (they listen)
audiuntur (they are listened)
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
aegrota, ae, f aegrotus, i, m aegrotus, a, um aromaticus, a, um boricus, a, um hydrochloricus, a, um obscuratus, a, um salicylicus, a, um
acidum, i, n Amylum, i, n Anaesthesinum, i, n Chloroformium, i, n Glycerinum, i, n Hyoscyamus, i, m massa gelatinosa Mentholum, i, n oleum Terebinthinae Talcum, i, n
— female patient — male patient — ill, diseased — aromatic — boric — hydrochloric — darkened, blurred — salicylic
— acid — starch — anaesthesine — chloroform — glycerin — henbane — gelatinous mass — menthol, mint camphor — turpentine oil — talc
49
Triticum, i, n
fiat+Nom. sing. fiant+Nom. plur.
in charta cerata in charta paraffinata in capsulis gelatinosis in capsulis amylaceis
— wheat
— in order to obtain (sing.) — in order to obtain (plur.)
— in waxed paper — in paraffin paper — in gelatin capsules — in starch capsules, in cachets
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Make 3rd person singular and plural in Praesens Indicativi
Activi et Passivi and translate these forms:
formare, adhibere, praescribĕre, colligĕre, nutrire
Task II. Identify grammar form and translate following verbs:
sterilisat, dant, dantur, praeparantur, habet, recipit, dividuntur, extrahitur,
audiunt
Task III. Translate the following sentences from Latin into English.
1. Aegrota mixturam agitat.
2. Pharmaceutae herbam diu (long time) coquunt.
3. In baccis Uvae (grape) glucosum continetur.
4. Feminae plantas colligunt.
5. Magnesia in aqua male (bad) solvitur.
6. Saponaria planta medicata est.
7. Saponaria et Belladonna plantae venenatae sunt.
8. Medici Leuzeam in mixtura adhibent.
9. Extrahite et sterilisate substantias
10. Divide massam pilularum.
Task IV. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. The pharmacist mixes tincture of the lilly-of-the-valley with tincture of
valerian.
2. The pills are formed from pillular mass.
3. The female patient takes the tincture of maral root.
4. The tablets are rubbed and solved.
50
5. The ampoules are given in the box.
6. Mix, in order to obtain pasta.
7. Mix, in order to obtain pills.
8. Add ethric oil of lavender.
9. He pours wormwood oil into the black flask.
10. They use dry medicinal herbs.
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from Latin into
English.
21
Recipe:
Extracti Aloes fluidi 1 % Da tales doses Numero 6 in ampullis. Signa.
1 ml
22
Recipe:
Olei Anisi Da. Signa.
15 ml
23
Recipe:
Tincturae Strophanthi Tincturae Convallariae Tincturae Valerianae Misce. Da. Signa.
ana 10 ml
24
Recipe:
Infusi herbae Millefolii Da. Signa.
15.0 — 200 ml
25
Recipe:
Ichthyoli Massae gelatinosae quantum satis ut fiat globulus. Da tales doses Numero 12. Signa
0.15
Task VI. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
26
Take:
Buds of birch Levant wormseed Distilled water Mix. Designate.
30.0
5.0 250 ml
27
Take:
Milfoil leaves juice Olive oil Mix. Give in a dark flask. Designate.
10 ml 100 ml
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