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Файл:Lingua Latina in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium). Study aid
.pdf
141
LATIN WORD COMBINATIONS AND APHORISMS
ad usum internum
(externum, proprium, parenteralem ) =
= pro usu interno
(externo, proprio, parenterali)
ad usum intracutaneum
ad usum supracutaneum
— for internal/external/own/parenteral usage
— for subcutaneous administration
— for dermal administration
Exitus letalis
Lapsus linguae
— fatal outcome
— a slip of the tongue/remark
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- fructus dulcis;
- manus sinistra;
- cornu dextrum.
Task II. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into
English.
1. Fructus Crataegi.
2. Fructus seu baccae Juniperi.
3. Exitus letalis morbi.
4. Decoctum fructuum Frangulae.
5. Spiritus aethylicus seu spiritus Vini.
6. Injectio Tymalini pro adultis pro dosi.
7. Pinus silvestris et Berberis vulgaris.
8. Succus lacteus Taraxaci officinalis colorem album habet.
9. In nucleis fructuum nucum continentur oleum pingue (60–75 %) vitaminum A.
10. Olea europaea arbor est. Oliva fructus est.
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. raspberry fruits
2. decoction of oak bark
3. seeds of coriander
4. diluted ethyl alcohol
5. horns of ergot
142
6. powders for external use
7. fresh fruits and sea buckthorn oil
8. Progesterol is dissolved in ethyl alcohol
9. Pills are medicines for internal use
10. Formic alcohol contains formic acid and ethyl alcohol
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
181
Take:
Roots of burnet
Diluted ethyl alcohol
Mix in order to obtain infusion.
Infilter.
Give. Designate.
20.0
200 ml
182
Take:
Morphine hydrochloride
Sugar
Mix in order to obtain powder.
Give such doses number 6.
Designate.
0.01
0.2
183
Take:
Shepherd’s purse
Cortex of oak
Wine spirit
Distilled water
Mix in order to obtain decoction.
Give. Designate.
30.0
15.0
100 ml
500 ml
184
Take:
Rectal suppositories with the extract of
belladonna
Give such doses number 10
Designate.
3.0
185
Take:
Methylene blue
Solution of glucose 25 %
Give such doses number 3 in ampoules.
Designate.
0.5
50 ml
Task V. Study and memorize the following term-elements.
cry
ectomia
— cold, chill
— surgical removal, dissection
scopia
thalass
tomia
— examination, investigation
— sea water
— incision
143
hyster
metra
— uterus (in surgery and endos-
copy)
— uterus (in other cases)
phleb
endoexo-
— vein
— inside, within, inner layer
— outside, outer layer
Task VI. Find the term-elements in the following Latin terms and explain
their meanings. Write down the dictionary form of these words.
myotomia
nephrectomia
endophlebitis
endocarditis
gastroscopia
anatomia
cryotherapia
thalassotherapia
metroptosis
endogenesis
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VII. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- spiritus aethylicus;
- usus parenteralis;
- quercus alta (altus, a, um — tall).
Task VIII. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. vitamin rosehip syrup
2. solution of progestrol in oil
3. berries of chinese magnolia-vine
4. extract from the root of snowdon rose
5. Fruits of sea buckthorn are yellow.
6. Fruits of apricot tree contains sugar, starch, and citric acid. (citric acid —
acidum citricum).
7. (sing) Dry fruits of berberis.
8. (plur.) Keep the dried fruits of berberies in the box.
9. (sing) Mix the fruits of berbersis with sugar
10. Doctors use fruits, cortex, leaves and seeds of Chinese magnolia-vine
144
Task IX. Derive Latin and English terms with the following meanings,
write down the dictionary form of Latin words.
1. a surgical removal of kidney
2. examination of the eye
3. bleeding from the vein
4. loosening and separation of a nail from its bed
5. inflammation of the vein with blood clot formation (inside it)
6. insensibility resulting from cold
7. headache
8. fungal ear infection (non-inflammatory)
9. low calcium level in the blood (serum)
10. high blood pressure
145
UNIT 27
NOUNS OF THE 5TH DECLENSION
MEDICINES FOR DIGNOSTICS
The 5th declension also combines words of feminine gender. But they have the
ending -es in Nom. sing and the ending -ei in Gen. sing. There are no adjectives of
the 5th declension. That’s why it’s necessary to agree the gender of the adjective with
the gender of the nouns. The gender of both words is similar, but the declensions are
different.
5th declension
Example
singularis
pluralis
singularis
pluralis
Nom.
es es
5f 1f
facies lata
facies latae
Gen.
ei
erum
faciei latae
facierum latarum
Dat.
ei
ebus
faciei latae
faciebus latis
Acc.
em
es
faciem latam
facies latas
Abl.
e
ebus
facie lata
faciebus latis
There is one exception: the word dies, ei, m — day is of masculine gender. The
noun dies, ei, m is declined according to the 5th declension but the adjective with this
noun is declined as masculine gender (2nd or 3d declension).
The word species, erum, f means tea, species. This pharmaceutical and biological term is used only in plural form in Latin.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
caries, ei, f
Carum, i, n
dies, ei, m
dies, ei, f
dies constitita
rabies, ei, f
res, rei, f
res rudis
res rudes
scabies, ei, f
— caries, decay, putrefaction
— caraway, Persian cumin
— day
— fixed day, appointed day
— stated day, day certain
— rabies, lyssa
— thing
— raw material
— crude plant
— scabies
species, ei, f
— officinal mixture, herb repertory (a mixture of differ-
ent herbs or parts of plants in pharmacy it is used only in plural)
146
species antiasthmaticae
species aromaticae
species cholagogue
species diaphoreticae
species diureticae
species gastricae
species laxantes
species sedativae
species pectorales
superficies, ei, f
— class, sort, a thing of a particular kind
— antiasthmatic species
— aromatic tea
— choleretic tea
— diaphoretic species
— diuretic tea
— gastric tea
— laxative tea
— nervine tea
— pectoral species
— surface
LATIN WORD COMBINATIONS AND LATIN APHORISMS
contra rabiem
contra scabiem
pro die
In medias res.
Est modus in rebus (Horatius).
— against rabies
— against scabies
— daily dosage
— into the midst of things, into the middle of a narrative
— everything in reason, everything has a limit
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- res rudes (plur.);
- dies vernalis;
- caries chronica.
Task II. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into
English.
1. Sunt species Plantaginis: Plantago major, Plantago media et Plantago psylli-
um (plantago psyllum — flea plantain).
2. Species aromaticae est remedium pro usu externo.
3. Linimentum Benzylii benzoatis medicinalis, solutio Natrii thiosulfatis et sul-
fur praescipitatum remedia contra scabiem sunt.
4. Radices Valerianae, flores Chamomillae et fructus Carvi pro speciebus gas-
tricis.
5. Vaccinum antirabicum seu vaccinum contra rabiem.
6. Dosis Norsulfazoli pro dosi 2.0 et pro die 7.0.
147
7. Species sunt: species aromaticae, species pectorales, species antiasthmaticae,
species cholagogae, species laxantes etc.
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. roots, flowers, leaves of marshmallow
2. fruits of olive tree in oil
3. glycozides in the leaves of senna
4. simple powder and composite powder
5. The flowers of senna are yellow.
6. (sing.) Dry the flowers, root and rhizome in order to obtain herb repertory.
7. (plur.) Mix various herbs in order to obtain herb repertory.
8. Aqueous infusion of the kernels of the apricot tree is a sedative remedy.
9. Amygdalin in the kernels of the fruits of apricot tree is toxic.
10. Infusion made of dried fruits is a cholagogic and laxative remedy.
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
186
Take:
Fruits of anise
Root of marshmallow
Root of licorice
Buds of pine
Leaves of sage
Distilled water
Mix in order to obtain infusion.
Give. Designate.
10.0
20.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
250 ml
187
Take:
Cortex of berberies
Leaves of mentae
Root of valerian
Flowers of hawthorn
Mix in order to obtain herb repertory.
Give. Designate.
60.0
60.0
40.0
160.0
188
Take:
Fruits of berberis
Leaves of birch
Herb of levant wormwood
Mix in order to obtain choleretic tea.
Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 30.0
148
189
Take:
Fruits of guilder-rose
Distilled water
Honey
Mix in order to obtain infusion.
Give. Designate.
25.0
250 ml
250 ml
190
Take:
Root of berberis
Root of dandelion
Root of rhubarb
Mix in order to obtain herb repertory.
Give. Designate.
in equal measures of
Task V. Study the parts of the terms which asre used in the names of medicines.
MEDICINES FOR DIAGNOSTICS
radiocontrast
gnost
trast
graf
vist
opaque
Bilignostum
Chromolymphotrastum
Cholografin
Ultravist
Omnipaque
names of radioactive materials like Tallium,
Technecium etc.
Tallii chloridum
Technetril
radiocontrast with iodine
io
Iodamid
radiocontrast with barium
bar(ium)
Bar Vips
fluorescein
fluor
Fluorescit
other variants
scan
ray
vid (from video)
Scanlux
Optiray
Cholevid (chole + video)
Task VI. Read the names of the medicines, find meaningful parts of the
words, and explain what the medicine is used for.
Aethyotratum
Oragrafin-sodium
Technemek
Visipaque
Iopamidol
Barium sulphate
Rezoscan
Renovist
Iodofen
149
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VII. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- species laxantes;
- fructus recens;
- unguentum simplex.
Task VIII. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. (plur.) Listen to the doctor well.
2. Grind the herbs.
3. Cool the infusion.
4. Juniper is a tree. (juniper — Juniperus, i, f)
5. Fruits of juniper with milfoil are used.
6. Streptomycin is used for tuberculosis.
7. Theobromine is a diuretic remedy.
8. (He) uses theobromine carefully.
9. Antidiphtherical serum is a solution for intramuscular injections. (antidiph-
therical — antidiphthericus, a, um).
10. (sing.) Keep antidiphtherial serum in ampouls.
Task IX. Read the names of the medicines, find meaningful parts of the
words, and explain what the medicine is used for.
Valrubicin
Butalbital
Andirol
Piroflam
Lomustine
Cefdinir
Passidorm
Flurazepam
Etonogestrel
Fluticasone
Tetracycline
Telbivudine
Pioglitazone
Adebit
Mepivacaine
Nepafenac
Valganciclovir
Nitrofungin-Teva
150
UNIT 28
DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES.
MEDICINES FOR BLOOD DISEASES AND BLOOD VESSEL DISEASES.
There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Latin language:
Gradus positivus (the Positive degeree or the initial form of the adjective), Gradus
comparativus (the comparative degree) and gradus superlativus (the superlative degree). For example, short — shorter — the shortest (English).
To make the form of the Comparative degree it is necessary to add the suffixes —ior for masculine (m) and feminine genders (f) or —ius for neuter gender (n) to
the stem of the initial adjective in the Positive degree.
E.g. latus, a, um → latior (m, f), latius (n) (English: wide — wider),
brevis, e → brevior, ius (English: short — shorter),
recens, ntis → recentior, ius (English: fresh — fresher).
The adjectives in the Comparative degree are declined according to the main
(consonant) type of the 3rd declension [See Unit 19]. The stem of this kind of adjectives always has -ior in the Genitive Case and in all other cases:
Singularis
Pluralis
m, f
n
m, f
n
Nom.
brevior
brevius
breviores
breviora
Gen.
brevioris
breviorum
Dat.
breviori
brevioribus
Acc.
breviorem
brevius
breviores
breviora
Abl.
breviore
brevioribus
To make the form of the Superlative degree it is necessary to add the suffix issim and the endings -us (for masculine gender), -a (for feminine gender) and -um
(for neutral gender) to the stem of the initial adjective in the positive degree.
E.g. latus, a, um → latissimus (m), a (f), um (n)
brevis, e → brevissimus, a, um
recens, ntis → recentissimus, a um
All the adjectives in the Superlative degree are declined as the adjectives of the
1st and 2nd declensions [See Unit 2, Unit 6]. It’s important to remember that the gen-
der of the adjectives depends upon the gender of the noun. If the adjective is of femi-
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