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Файл:Тренинги по межкультурной коммуникации на английском языке. Для переводчиков жестового языка. English for Sign language interpreters. Учебное пособие
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are excellent skills in both sign language and the English language
necessary, but listening and communication skills are imperative. A good
memory is equally important, since the interpreter will need to remember
what is being said in detail in order to translate the information
accurately.
There are many times where the interpreter will have to do research
ahead of time if there is complicated or technical information that needs to
be interpreted. Many times, he or she will need to refer to dictionaries,
encyclopedias or other reference materials in order to be as accurate as
possible, and to have a good understanding of the subject.
What is the workplace of a Sign Language Interpreter like?
There are generally three different areas a sign language interpreter can
work in:
Education – These interpreters work in schools, from elementary
school right through to the university level. Their work schedule is the same
as the school's schedule, and they typically work with one or two students at
a time. Their job is to take the spoken language of the teacher and interpret
the lesson into sign language for the deaf student(s). This type of
interpreting can be very fruitful as the progress and growth of the student
can be seen and the interpreter is part of an educational team environment.
Community – These interpreters work in banks, hospitals, offices,
courthouses, colleges etc. There is no typical day, therefore the job is never
boring. Their schedule may include some evenings or weekends, depending
on their client's needs, so they need to be flexible. They also need to be very
discreet and trustworthy, as a lot of their interpreting will be of a private
nature.
Video Relay Service (VRS) – This challenging type of work involves
interpreting between a deaf person that needs to connect to a hearing person
on the telephone. In order to do this, the deaf caller will use a video
telephone and connect to a hearing person in real-time. The phone calls can
be made for a variety of reasons. For example, to make a doctor's
appointment, to inquire about a job application or school application, to
make bank inquiries or credit card inquiries etc. This service is open seven
days a week, 24 hours a day, so the interpreter would need a flexible work
schedule.
(https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/sign-language-interpreter/overview/)
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4. SPEAKING: Which of the three areas mentioned in the text
would you like to work in and why? Compare your answers in class.
5. TRANSLATION: Translate the following text into Russian in
writing. The job market for sign language interpreters in the United
States
There are currently an estimated 68,200 sign language interpreters in the
United States. The sign language interpreter job market is expected to grow
by 17.7 % between 2016 and 2026.
How employable are sign language interpreters?
CareerExplorer rates sign language interpreters with a B employability
rating, meaning this career should provide good employment opportunities
for the foreseeable future. Over the next 10 years, it is expected the US will
need 16,400 sign language interpreters. That number is based on 12,100
additional sign language interpreters, and the retirement of 4,300 existing
sign language interpreters.
What’s the supply of sign language interpreters?
The sign language interpreter industry is concentrated in California,
Texas, Florida.
How do sign language interpreter salaries compare to similar careers?
Sign language interpreters earn about the same as related careers in the
United States. On average, they make less than real estate appraisers but
more than probation officers.
Sign language interpreters earn an average hourly wage
of $18.29. Salaries typically start from $13.06 per hour and go up to $46.22
per hour.
Sign language interpreter demographics in the United States
The largest ethnic group of sign language interpreters are White, making
up 70 % of the population. The next highest segments are Hispanic, Latino,
or Spanish and Black or African American, making up 14 % and 6 %
respectively.
46 % of sign language interpreters work in full-time roles while 54%
work part-time.
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More women than men are interested in becoming sign language
interpreters at a ratio of 2.82 to 1.
87 % of sign language interpreters are female and 13 % are male.
What degrees do sign language interpreters have?
The most common degree held by sign language interpreters is English
Literature, held by 18% of sign language interpreters. Other common
degrees include Linguistics, Psychology, and Foreign Language Studies.
What level of education do sign language interpreters have?
Most sign language interpreters have the same level of education. 52 %
of sign language interpreters have a bachelor's degree, with the second most
common being a master's degree at 34 %.
(https://www.careerexplorer.com/careers/sign-language-interpreter/job-market/)
6. SPEAKING: Browse the Internet or make a survey of the SL
interpreters you know and compare the statistics from the text with the
official data and your findings regarding the job market for the RSL
interpreters in Russia. Share the results in class.
7. VOCABULARY: Unjumble the adjectives in the text.
What personality traits do sign language interpreters have?
Sign language interpreters tend to be predominantly 1) tracitsi
individuals, meaning that they are 2) viearcet and 3) iagrloni and work
well in a setting that allows for self-expression. They also tend to be 4)
icoasl, meaning that they thrive in situations where they can interact with,
persuade, or help people.
Sign language interpreters score highly on social responsibility,
indicating that they desire 5) iraf outcomes and have a general concern for
others. They also tend to be high on the measure of conscientiousness,
which means that they are 6) hacemtidol, 7) bierlael, and generally plan
out things in advance.
8. SPEAKING: Do you have the above mentioned traits? Are they
innate or developed? If they can be developed, then how? Discuss in
pairs.
9. READING: Read and translate in speech the following job
advertisements for the SL interpreters in the USA.
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I. Sign Language Video Interpreter
Convo, Austin, TX, United States
Convo Communications is a Deaf-owned, Deaf-operated, and FCCcertified company that provides 24 / 7 Video Relay Services (VRS) and
other communication solutions.
As a Convo interpreter, you will maintain Convo's standard for
excellence in interpretation by handling VRS assignments in an ethical
manner to the utmost essence of interpreting professionalism.
Responsibilities
Provide a high quality ASL-English interpretation experience for all
parties
Demonstrate strict adherence to industry-wide and professional ethics
at all times
Observe Convo's internal policies and procedures at all times
Undertake periodic training as to keep up with changing technologies,
trends, and procedures
Provide support to other interpreters when needed
Contribute to the development and high morale of the company
Maintain a friendly, professional appearance in accordance with
internal guidelines
Demonstrate a continuous commitment to punctuality and reliability
Other duties as assigned
Skills & Qualifications
Native fluency in ASL and English
Adherence to Code of Professional Conduct
Thorough familiarity with Deaf culture and community
Comfortable to work in a fast-paced environment
Strong interpersonal skills in all settings
Experience with cultural mediation
Understanding of the role and responsibilities of Video and Onsite
Interpreters
Understanding of and willingness to keep up with video technology,
trends, and issues
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Ability and confidence to succeed both independently and in team
settings
Basic knowledge of computer technology
Must exhibit reliability and professionalism
II. American Sign Language Freelance Interpreter -Onsite
AKORBI Language Solutions, Lincoln, NE
Employment Type: Contractor
At Akorbi, we are seeking qualified and certified interpreters who are
team players that want to succeed and grow with a dynamic, innovative
company!
Interpreters should have some industry experience, work well under
pressure, have subject matter expertise, and a good understanding of related
industry terminology. Our focus is in the Healthcare Industry, Health
Insurance, Medical care/Legal/Court/Financial and Customer Service.
Job Description:
Independent Contract Interpreters to provide Onsite Consecutive
Interpreting.
Languages needed : American Sign Language (ASL)
Experience performing ONSITE (face-to-face) Interpreting in a
Healthcare facility, Community, Medical Office, or equivalent.
Able to communicate effectively and professionally with all levels of
staff and members/patients.
Technology and Internet Savvy
Responsibilities:
Ability to work under pressure in real time
Follow the guidelines for Code of Ethics and Conduct, along with
HIPAA Compliance requirements.
If you are qualified please email your resume to interpreterjobs@
akorbi.com. One of our Linguist Resource Specialists will contact you to
discuss details and rates.
Akorbi (www.akorbi.com) is rated the 12th fastest growing Woman
Owned Business in the US and we are seeking qualified and certified
interpreters, who are team players that want to succeed and grow with a
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dynamic innovative company! Akorbi is recognized for quality service,
commitment to clients, customers, and loyal commitment to our
interpreters.
Website: https://akorbi.com/
III. Sign Language Interpreter Educational
Maxim Healthcare Services Redmond, WA
The Educational Sign Language Interpreter supports staff, students, and
families by providing interpretation and translation services for the
deaf/hearing-impaired students. The interpreter also effectively facilitates
communication between students who use sign language due to hearing
loss, and students/teachers who do not.
Responsibilites:
Utilizes American Sign Language (ASL)
Interprets oral communication into sign language and signed
communication into spoken English
Adheres to the rules of confidentiality required of all school
personnel
Establishes and maintains effective working relationships with
teachers and other school personnel.
Works closely with students, guiding them in their own language to
help understand classroom and homework instructions.
Contacts families to keep them informed of school events and
communicate their child's progress in school.
Performs other duties as assigned/necessary
Requirements:
State Board of Education Initial Sign Language Interpreter Certificate
(as applicable)
Educational Interpreter Performance Assessment (EIPA) certificate
(as applicable per state regulation or client requirement)
Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID) certification (as applicable
per state regulation or client requirement)
Successful completion of Maxim Staffing Solutions background
screening and hiring process
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Ability to effectively elicit/provide information and and from
appropriate individuals (including, but not limited to, supervisors, coworkers, clients) via strong communication skills; proficiency in the English
language may be required
Computer proficiency required
Benefits
At Maxim Healthcare Services, we firmly believe that our employees
are the heartbeat of our organization and we are happy to offer the following
benefits:
Competitive pay & weekly paychecks
Health, dental, vision, and life insurance
401(k) savings plan
Awards and recognition programs
*Benefit eligibility is dependent on employment status.
Maxim Healthcare Services is a leading provider of home healthcare,
medical-related staffing, travel nursing, and population health and wellness
services across the United States. As an established community partner, we
have been making a difference in the lives of our employees, caregivers, and
patients for more than 30 years. Our commitment to customer service,
improving patient care, and staffing experienced healthcare professionals
has paved the way for many rewarding career opportunities in the healthcare
industry.
10. WRITING: Compose a CV for one of the positions above. You
may make up your qualification and job experience, as well as other
details.
11. ROLE-PLAY: In small groups, role-play the job interviews
with the CVs and choose the best candidates for each of the positions.
12. GRAMMAR: Use the appropriate forms of the verbs in
brackets including non-finite to fill the gaps. Translate each point in
speech.
Code of Ethics
The interpreter shall be a person of high moral character, honest,
conscientious, trust-worthy, and of emotional maturity. He shall guard
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confidential information and not betray confidences which 1) _______
(entrust) to him.
The interpreter shall maintain an impartial attitude during the course of
his interpreting 2) __________ (avoid) interjecting his own views unless he
3) _________ (ask) 4) _______ (do) so by a party 5) __________ (involve).
The interpreter shall interpret faithfully and to the best of his ability,
always 6) __________ (convey) the thought, intent, and spirit of the
speaker. He shall remember the limits of his particular function and not go
beyond his responsibility.
The interpreter shall recognize his own level of proficiency and use
discretion in accepting assignments, 7) __________ (seek) for the assistance
of other interpreters when necessary.
The interpreter shall adopt a conservative manner of dress upholding the
dignity of the profession and not 8) _________ (draw) undue attention to
himself.
The interpreter shall use discretion in the matter of 9) _____________
(accept) compensation for services and be willing 10) ________ (provide)
services in situations where funds are not available. Arrangements should
11) _____________ (make) on a professional basis for adequate
remuneration in court cases comparable to that 12) ________ (provide) for
interpreters of foreign languages.
The interpreter shall never encourage deaf persons 13) ________ (seek)
legal or other decisions in their favor merely because the interpreter is
sympathetic to the handicap of deafness.
In the case of legal interpreting, the interpreter shall inform the court
when the level of literacy of the deaf person involved is such that literal
interpretation is not possible and the interpreter 14) _______________
(have) to grossly paraphrase and restate both what 15) ____________ (say)
to the deaf person and what he 16) __________ (say) to the court.
The interpreter shall attempt 17) ________ (recognize) the various types
of assistance 18) ____________ (need) by the deaf and do his best to meet
the particular need. Those who do not understand the language of signs may
require assistance through written communication. Those who understand
manual communication may 19) ________ (assist) by means of translating
(rendering the original presentation verbatim), or interpreting (paraphrasing,
defining, explaining, or making 20) _________ (know) the will of the
speaker without regard to the original language used).
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20) _______ (recognize) his need for professional improvement, the
interpreter will join with professional colleagues for the purpose of 21)
______ (share) new knowledge and developments, to seek 22) _________
(understand) the implications of deafness and the deaf person’s particular
needs, broaden his education and knowledge of life, and develop both his
expressive and his receptive skills in interpreting and translating.
The interpreter shall seek 23) ________ (uphold) the dignity and purity
of the language of signs. He shall also maintain a readiness to learn and to
accept new signs, if these are necessary to 24) __________ (understand).
The interpreter shall take the responsibility of 25) ________ (educate)
the public regarding the deaf whenever possible recognizing that many
misunderstandings arise because of the general lack of public knowledge in
the area of deafness and communication with the deaf.
(Quigley, Stephen P. (ed.). 1965. Interpreting for Deaf People. Chapters 1 and 2.
Washington, DC: Office of Health, Education and Welfare)
13. SPEAKING: To what extent do you use machine translation? Is
it possible to use modern technologies in converting signs into text or
sounding speech?
14. VOCABULARY: Read the text and explain in your own words
what the following words and abbreviations mean: real-time machine
translation, AI, CEO, R&D, multi-channel communication, to track,
occlusion, full-on translation, sequentially, translation booth, synthesized
speech, human input.
SignAll is slowly but surely building a sign language translation
platform
Devin Coldewey
Translating is difficult work, the more so the further two languages are
from one another. French to Spanish? Not a problem. Ancient Greek to
Esperanto? Considerably harder. But sign language is a unique case, and
translating it uniquely difficult, because it is fundamentally different from
spoken and written languages. All the same, SignAll has been working hard
for years to make accurate, real-time machine translation of ASL a reality.
One would think that with all the advances in AI and computer vision
happening right now, a problem as interesting and beneficial to solve as this
would be under siege by the best of the best. Even thinking about it from a
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cynical market-expansion point of view, an Echo or TV that understands
sign language could attract millions of new (and very thankful) customers.
Unfortunately, that doesn’t seem to be the case – which leaves it to
small companies like Budapest-based SignAll to do the hard work that
benefits this underserved group. And it turns out that translating sign
language in real time is even more complicated than it sounds.
CEO Zsolt Robotka and chief R&D officer Márton Kajtár were
exhibiting this year at CES, where I talked with them about the company,
the challenges they were taking on and how they expect the field to evolve.
(I’m glad to see the company was also at Disrupt SF in 2016, though I
missed them then.)
Perhaps the most interesting thing to me about the whole business is
how interesting and complex the problem is that they are attempting to
solve.
“It’s multi-channel communication; it’s really not just about shapes or
hand movements,” explained Robotka. “If you really want to translate sign
language, you need to track the entire upper body and facial expressions —
that makes the computer vision part very challenging.”
Right off the bat that’s a difficult task, since that’s a huge volume in
which to track subtle movement. The setup right now uses a Kinect 2 more
or less at center and three RGB cameras positioned a foot or two out. The
system must reconfigure itself for each new user, since just as everyone
speaks a bit differently, all ASL users sign differently.
“We need this complex configuration because then we can work around
the lack of resolution, both time and spatial (i.e. refresh rate and number of
pixels), by having different points of view,” said Kajtár. “You can have
quite complex finger configurations, and the traditional methods of
skeletonizing the hand don’t work because they occlude each other. So
we’re using the side cameras to resolve occlusion.”
As if that wasn’t enough, facial expressions and slight variations in
gestures also inform what is being said, for example adding emotion or
indicating a direction. And then there’s the fact that sign language is
fundamentally different from English or any other common spoken
language. This isn’t transcription — it’s full-on translation.
“The nature of the language is continuous signing. That makes it hard to
tell when one sign ends and another begins,” Robotka said. “But it’s also a
very different language; you can’t translate word by word, recognizing them
from a vocabulary.”
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