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14. Keep in mind the criteria that the examiners use to mark your

response.

Рекомендуемая литература

1. Cullen Pauline. Common Mistakes at IELTS Intermediate and

How to Avoid Them. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

2. Terry Morgan, Wilson Judith. Focus on Academic Skills for

IELTS. Pearson Longman, 2010.

3. Rogers, Bruce. The Complete guide to Ielts. United Kingdom

National Geographic Learning Cengage Learning, 2016.

11. AN AGREE/DISAGREE ESSAY

Цель: формирование общекультурных и общепрофессио-

нальных компетенций через развитие знаний, умений и навыков при отработке письменных заданий в результате освоения темы.

Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-

ствовать формированию следующих компетенций:

 студент овладевает когнитивно-дискурсивными умениями,

направленными на восприятие и порождение связных монологических и диалогических текстов в устной и письменной форме (ОПК-3);

 студент овладевает конвенциями речевого общения в ино-

язычном социуме, правилами и традициями межкультурного и профессионального общения с носителями иностранного языка (ОПК-5).

Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-

ствовать формированию следующих знаний, умений и навыков

знать:

 уровни, компоненты и принципы композиционного члене-

ния текста; основные закономерности структуры родного и иностранного языков, языковые, этические и коммуникативные нормы, языковые характеристики видов дискурса, основные коммуникативные качества речи;

 конвенции официального, нейтрального и неофициального

регистров общения; литературную норму иностранного языка, формулы общения, фразеологические единицы и т.п.; экстралингвистическую и лингвострановедческую информацию в контексте преодоления влияния стереотипов; лингвострановедческую и лингвокультурологическую информацию относительно повседневной жизни, бытовых условий, межличностных отношений, нравственных ценностей и традиций;

уметь:

 анализировать текстовые фрагменты как компоненты текстов

различных функциональных стилей и жанров русского и английского языков, оценивать качество, правомерность, достоверность и логичность приводимых высказываний, предположений, аргументов, выводов, доводов, доказательств и отбирать необходимую и релевантную информацию из гипертекстовых источников;

 определять уровни и компоненты текста; анализировать

текстовые фрагменты как компоненты текстов различных функциональных стилей и жанров русского и английского языков; определять и интерпретировать разнообразные лингвистические явления в тексте в их взаимосвязи с основной коммуникативной задачей произведения;

 отбирать релевантную языковую информацию, адекватно

ситуации общения, ясно и чётко излагать собственную позицию, быть точным в выборе языковых и речевых средств, анализировать логику рассуждений и высказываний;

владеть

 базовыми методами и приемами лингвистического анализа

языковых средств русского и английского языков различной жанрово-стилевой принадлежности;

 методами и технологиями применения в речи языковых

средств изучаемого иностранного языка для осуществления коммуникации в рамках этических и нравственных норм поведения;

 специальными приемами совершенствования умения вер-

бального и невербального общения, присущего носителям языка;

 терминологическим аппаратом лингвостилистики и смежных

дисциплин, методами и приемами лингвистического анализа языковых единиц, текстов и их фрагментов различной жанрово-стилевой принадлежности, основными способами выражения семантической, коммуникативной и структурной связей между частями высказывания – коммуникационными элементами текста (введение, основная часть, заключение) при резюмировании текстов.

Теоретическая часть

Here are the basic rules for writing Agree/Disagree Essays:

• Read and analyse the proposition and the question carefully-

don't rush through this stage.

• Decide whether you agree or disagree with the proposition.

• Write a brief, well-organised introduction, at least two main par-

agraphs, and a short conclus1on.

• Be sure to state your opinion clearly in the introduction and con-

clusion.

• Provide support for or against the proposition by giving details

and examples.

• Write in paragraphs: do not use notes or bullet points.

• Use an academic register or style.

• Write at least 250 words.

• Complete the task in about 40 minutes.

Задания Exercise 93. Work in pairs. Look at the writing task below and

answer the questions.

It is much easier to learn in a small class than in a larger one. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

1. What part of this task is the proposition?

2. If you agree with the proposition, think of some reasons why

you agree.

3. If you disagree with the proposition, think of some reasons why

you disagree.

4. Is it necessary to fully agree or disagree with the proposition?

5. How long should your essay be?

Exercise 94. Read the task and answer the question. Use the

rules about the task to help you. Which aspects of the task did you find difficult?

PRACTICE TASK Write about the following topic. You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Children all over the world should learn to speak a single, uni-

versal language fluently in addition to their native language.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples

from your own knowledge and experience. Write at least 250 words.

Exercise 95. Work in pairs. Read the tips and tactics and dis-

cuss these questions.

a. Which tips and tactics do you think are the most useful? b. Did you use any of these tips and tactics when you answered

the sample questions?

c. Which tips will you use in the future?

1. Spend a few minutes reading and thinking about the task. Make

sure you understand the proposition and the question. Underline key words.

2. You don't have a lot of time, but you should make a brief plan.

Write several reasons why you might agree with the proposition and several reasons why you might disagree. Is it easier to think of reasons to agree or to disagree? This can help you decide which position to take.

3. Your essay should include an introduction, two main paragraphs

and a conclusion.

4. Your introduction can be brief. You should restate the proposi-

tion in your own words, and provide a little background on the topic. For example, you can explain why this topic is an important one, or why it has become more important in recent times. Then state your own opinion: do you agree, disagree or partially agree?

5. Begin each main paragraph with a topic sentence (a sentence

that states the main idea of the paragraph). This sentence can be quite simple, for example, there are several important reasons to agree with this idea. All of the sentences in the paragraph should support the topic sentence.

6. In each of the main paragraphs, you should use linking words

and phrases to move smoothly from one reason to another.

7. The second main paragraph should follow on from the first us-

ing a linking word or phrase, for example, furthermore, there are additional reasons to favour this idea.

8. You should support the reasons that you give in your main para-

graphs with specific details and examples.

9. The final paragraph can be brief. You should summarise the

main points and restate your own position. You shouldn't introduce new information or reasons in the conclusion.

10. The final paragraph should also begin with a word or phrase to

signal that it is a conclusion.

11. Your paragraphs should be clearly separated. For example, you

can leave a blank space between them or indent the first line of each new paragraph.

12. Keep track of the time .You have about 40 minutes to do the

task.

13. Make sure your handwriting is clear and legible enough for the

examiners to read.

14. As you write your essay, keep in mind the criteria that the ex-

aminers use to mark your essay.

AGREEMENT

There are a number of strong arguments to support the idea that

people share too much of their private lives on social networks.

I agree that it's better to raise children in a small town. I agree with the idea that childhood is the happiest time of life. It's true that there is too much violence in movies. I share the view that children learn more outs ide of school than in

school.

I support the idea that violent sports such as boxing should be

banned.

DISAGREEMENT

There are some important reasons to disagree with the idea that

teenagers shouldn't be allowed to drive a car.

I disagree with the idea that teachers should be paid according to

their students ' academic results.

I don't agree that traffic in the city centre should be restricted dur-

ing certain times of the day

I disagree with the proposal that all high-school students should

study music.

It's not true that pure scientific research has no practical benefits. I don't share the view that it's more important to learn how to use a

computer keyboard than to learn how to write.

I don't accept the idea that electronic books will completely re-

place conventional books.

PARTIA L AGREEMENT

While there are reasons to support the idea that students need time

off, I s till believe that the amount of class time should be increased.

It may be true that poverty can n ever be completely eradicated.

However, I think that governments should work harder to reduce the amount of poverty

I partially agree with the idea that text books are too expensive, but ... I don't completely agree that it's better to travel in groups than

alone.

I think it's only partly true that violence in video games leads to

violence in real life.

I partly agree with the proposal that nurses should be paid as well

as doctors ...

Certainly, many people feel that games are only fun if you win, but

it's not that simple.

Exercise 96. Read this proposition. Write two sentences strong-

ly agreeing with it and two sentences strongly disagreeing with it.

People learn more from failure than they do from success. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Exercise 97. Read this proposition. Write three sentences par-

tially agreeing with it.

The money used to fund space research would be better used to

solve the many problems we face on Earth.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Exercise 98. Work in pairs. Look at the proposition and read

the sample introduction. Then answer the questions.

1. Which sentence in the introduction provides background infor-

mation (1, 2 or 3)?

2. Which sentence is a restatement of the proposition?

3. Which sentence is the writer's opinion?

The best way to reduce emissions from vehicles is to impose a

higher tax on vehicles which use a lot of fuel and a lower tax on those that don't. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Sample introduction (1) One solution to the problem of air pollution caused by cars and

trucks is to increase the tax on those vehicles that use a lot of petrol and to decrease the tax on more economical cars. (2) Of course, it is important to find a way to solve this problem, because emissions from petrol-powered engines are a major source of air pollution and global warming.

(3) However, I do not think this solution is fair for many people,

and therefore I strongly disagree with it.

Exercise 99. Read these three propositions. Then write an in-

troduction for each proposition. You should agree with one, disagree with one and partially agree with another.

The most important reason for a young person to attend a university is

to increase the amount of money that he or she will earn in the future.

To what extent do you agree or disagree? The use of cell phones while driving should be strictly forbidden.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

It is better to run your own business than to work for someone

else. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Exercise 100. Write about the following topic. You should

spend about 40 minutes on this task.

Language teachers should concentrate on giving positive feed-

back to students when they do good work, rather than on criticizing bad work.

To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples

from your own knowledge and experience.

Write at least 250 words.

Рекомендуемая литература

1. Cullen Pauline. Common Mistakes at IELTS Intermediate and

How to Avoid Them. Cambridge University Press, 2010.

2. Terry Morgan, Wilson Judith. Focus on Academic Skills for

IELTS. Pearson Longman, 2010.

3. Rogers, Bruce. The Complete guide to Ielts. United Kingdom

National Geographic Learning Cengage Learning, 2016.

12. A DISCUSSION/OPINION ESSAY

Цель: формирование общекультурных и общепрофессио-

Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-

ствовать формированию следующих компетенций:

 студент овладевает когнитивно-дискурсивными умениями,

 студент овладевает конвенциями речевого общения в ино-

Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-

ствовать формированию следующих знаний, умений и навыков

знать:

 стилистические ресурсы и дифференциацию языковых

средств русского и английского языков; закономерности функционирования изучаемого иностранного языка, его функциональные разновидности, литературную норму, формулы общения, фразеологические единицы и т.д.; экстралингвистическую и лингвострановедческую информацию относительно этических и нравственных норм поведения, принятых в инокультурном социуме;

уметь:

 выделять в тексте основные лексические, грамматические,

словообразовательные явления иностранного языка, объяснять основные языковые явления и закономерности их использования в тексте, выбирать наиболее уместные языковые средства изучаемого иностранного языка для построения аутентичных высказываний;

 выбирать наиболее уместные языковые средства изучаемо-

го иностранного языка для построения аутентичных высказываний; определять и интерпретировать разнообразные лингвистические явления в их взаимосвязи с основной коммуникативной задачей; выявлять основные лингвистические феномены, которые являются барьером в успешном осуществлении коммуникативной деятельности;

владеть

 терминологическим аппаратом лингвостилистики и смеж-

ных дисциплин; методами и приемами лингвистического анализа языковых единиц, текстов и их фрагментов различной жанровостилевой принадлежности; навыками научного подхода к работе над текстом различной стилевой принадлежности с целью адекватного изложения его результатов на русском и английском языках в письменной форм.

Теоретическая часть

Here are the basic rules for writing Discussion/Opinion Essays:

• Read and analyse the opinions and the question carefully.

• Decide whether you agree or disagree with Opinion A or B.

• Write a brief, well-organised introduction, at least two main par-

agraphs and a short conclusion.

• Include examples to support your reasons.

• Write in paragraphs. Do not use notes or bullet points.

• Use an academic register or style.

• Write at least 250 words.

• Complete the task in about 40 minutes.

You have to explain and support Opinion A. explain and support

Opinion B, and then give your own opinion.

Задания Exercise 101. Work in pairs. Look at the writing task below

and answer the questions.

Some students think it is better to attend university in or near their

hometown. Others think it is better to attend a university away from home.

Discuss both views and give your opinion.

1. What is the first opinion?

2. What is the second opinion?

3. When you write your essay, what three things must you include?

4. With your partner, think of some reasons to support the first

opinion.

5. With your partner, think of some reasons to support the second

opinion.

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