Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Теория и практика речевой коммуникации. Практикум
.pdf
выбирать наиболее уместные языковые средства изучаемого
иностранного языка для построения аутентичных высказываний;
определять и интерпретировать разнообразные лингвистические явления в их взаимосвязи с основной коммуникативной задачей; выявлять основные лингвистические феномены, которые являются барьером в успешном осуществлении коммуникативной деятельности;
владеть
специальными приемами совершенствования умения вер-
бального и невербального общения, присущего носителям языка;
терминологическим аппаратом лингвостилистики и смеж-
ных дисциплин; методами и приемами лингвистического анализа
языковых единиц, текстов и их фрагментов различной жанровостилевой принадлежности; навыками научного подхода к работе
над текстом различной стилевой принадлежности с целью адекватного изложения его результатов на русском и английском языках в устной и письменной формах.
Теоретическая часть
The Part 1 task tests your ability to talk about familiar topics, re-
lated to everyday life. For example, the examiner might ask you questions about your job or studies, where you live, or your hobbies. This
part of the test lasts f or approximately four to five minutes. As this is
the first part of the Speaking test. It starts with introductions between
you and the examiner, as well as an ID check. The examiner then goes
on to ask you a series of questions about different topics.
Here are the basic rules for the Part 1 task:
• In this part of the test. You are showing that you can give infor-
mation and opinions about everyday topics.
Typical topics include home and family life, work and study, hob-
bies and interests, and likes and dislikes.
• Another purpose of this part is to help you settle in to the test
and get over your nerves, so the questions are not meant to be too challenging.
• For each topic in the Part 1 task, the examiner asks you a num-
ber of questions covering different topics.
• When answering the examiner's questions, don't just say 'Yes' or '
No'; give your answer and also add a reason, explanation or example .
101
Задания
Exercise 110. Answer the questions. Use the rules about the task
from Section A to help you. Which questions did you find difficult?
PART 1
WORK/STUDY
• Do you work or are you a student?
• What are you studying? or What's your job?
• Why did you choose to study this subject? or Why did you
choose this job?
• Have you made many friends on the course? or Do you plan to
stay in this job for a long time?
HEALTH AND FITNESS
Let's talk about keeping fit and healthy.
• What do you do to stay healthy?
• Do you do any exercise? (What kind?)
• How active were you when you were a child?
• How important is it for children to be active?
WEATHER
Let's talk about the weather.
• What kind of weather do you like best? (Why?)
• Have you noticed any changes in the weather recently in your
country?
• What do you like to do in winter?
Exercise 109. Work in pairs. Read the tips and tactics and dis-
cuss these questions.
a. Which tips and tactics do you think are the most useful?
b. Did you use any of these tips and tactics when you answered
the sample questions in Section B?
c. Which tips will you use in the future?
1. In the exam room, be friendly and polite. Make eye contact
regularly while taking part in the conversation.
2. Be aware of your pronunciation. Focus on speaking clearly and
carefully and take your time. Speak loudly enough so that the examiner
can hear you.
3. Listen carefully to the examiner when he/she asks you a ques-
tion. If you don't hear it or understand it the first time, you can ask the
102
examiner to repeat the question; for example, you can say, 'I'm sorry,
can you repeat that, please?'
4. The questions in Part 1 are supposed to be fairly easy, but if the
examiner asks you a difficult question, you can use a filler expression
such as 'That's a very good question ...' or 'Well, I've never really
thought about that before, but . ..'to give yourself a little more time to
think about your answer.
5. Avoid giving one- or two-word answers to the questions. Try to
extend your answer a little by giving a reason or an example. A full
answer in this part of the test can be two or three sentences long.
6. If you can't think of the perfect word to use to express your mean-
ing, don't worry about it. Just use another word or expression instead and
move on. Your ability to paraphrase (to say something in a different way)
is a positive thing. Avoid using expressions like 'How do you say . ..?',
as they just draw attention to the vocabulary you don't know.
7. If you make a mistake, try not to worry about it: just keep go-
ing! It's natural to make the occasional mistake when speaking.
Exercise 110. Work in pairs. In Part 1 of the IELTS Speaking
test, you may be asked to talk about your home. Look at the questions below. How would you answer them? Practise asking and answering the questions.
HOME
• Do you live in a house or apartment?
• How long have you lived there?
• Is there anything you don't like about living there?
• What sort of accommodation would you like to live in?
Exercise 111. Work in pairs. In Part 1 of the IELTS Speaking
test, you may be asked to talk about your likes and dislikes. Look at
the questions below. How would you answer them? Practise asking
and answering the questions.
CLOTHING
• Do you like going shopping for clothes?
• Is fashion important to you?
• What sty les of clothes do you like wearing?
• Are there any colours that you dislike wearing?
Exercise 112. Work in pairs. In Part 1of the IELTS Speaking
test, you may be asked to talk about your habits and routines. Look
103
at the questions below. How would you answer them? Practise asking and answering the questions.
DAILY ROUTINES
• Tell me about a typical day in your life.
• What do you like to do at weekends?
• Is there anything that you would like to change about your daily
routine?
• How important is it for you to have time to relax?
Рекомендуемая литература
1. Rogers, Bruce. The Complete guide to Ielts. United Kingdom
National Geographic Learning Cengage Learning, 2016.
2. Tyreman, C. J. How to master the IELTS over 400 practice
questions for all parts of the International English Language Testing
System. London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page Limited, 2012.
104
15. INDIVIDUAL LONGTURN
Цель: формирование общекультурных и общепрофессиональ-
ных компетенций через развитие знаний, умений и навыков при отработке заданий на говорение в результате освоения данной темы.
Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-
ствовать формированию следующих компетенций:
студент овладевает когнитивно-дискурсивными умениями,
направленными на восприятие и порождение связных монологических и диалогических текстов в устной и письменной форме (ОПК-3);
студент овладевает конвенциями речевого общения в ино-
язычном социуме, правилами и традициями межкультурного и профессионального общения с носителями иностранного языка (ОПК-5).
Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-
ствовать формированию следующих знаний, умений и навыков
знать:
уровни, компоненты и принципы композиционного члене-
ния текста; основные закономерности структуры родного и иностранного языков, языковые, этические и коммуникативные нормы, языковые характеристики видов дискурса, основные коммуникативные качества речи;
конвенции официального, нейтрального и неофициального
регистров общения; литературную норму иностранного языка,
формулы общения, фразеологические единицы и т.п.; экстралингвистическую и лингвострановедческую информацию в контексте
преодоления влияния стереотипов; лингвострановедческую и
лингвокультурологическую информацию относительно повседневной жизни, бытовых условий, межличностных отношений,
нравственных ценностей и традиций;
уметь:
анализировать текстовые фрагменты как компоненты текстов
различных функциональных стилей и жанров русского и английского
языков, оценивать качество, правомерность, достоверность и логичность приводимых высказываний, предположений, аргументов, выводов, доводов, доказательств и отбирать необходимую и релевантную информацию из гипертекстовых источников;
105
определять уровни и компоненты текста; анализировать
текстовые фрагменты как компоненты текстов различных функциональных стилей и жанров русского и английского языков; определять и интерпретировать разнообразные лингвистические явления в тексте в их взаимосвязи с основной коммуникативной задачей произведения;
отбирать релевантную языковую информацию, адекватно
ситуации общения, ясно и чётко излагать собственную позицию,
быть точным в выборе языковых и речевых средств, анализировать
логику рассуждений и высказываний;
владеть
базовыми методами и приемами лингвистического анализа
языковых средств русского и английского языков различной жанрово-стилевой принадлежности;
методами и технологиями применения в речи языковых
средств изучаемого иностранного языка для осуществления коммуникации в рамках этических и нравственных норм поведения;
специальными приемами совершенствования умения вер-
бального и невербального общения, присущего носителям языка;
терминологическим аппаратом лингвостилистики и смежных
дисциплин, методами и приемами лингвистического анализа языковых единиц, текстов и их фрагментов различной жанрово-стилевой
принадлежности, основными способами выражения семантической,
коммуникативной и структурной связей между частями высказывания – коммуникационными элементами текста (введение, основная
часть, заключение) при резюмировании текстов.
Теоретическая часть
The Part 2 task tests your ability to give a short talk on a topic that
is given to you by the examiner. The examiner gives you a task card
with your topic on and four points that give your ideas for what to talk
about. You have one minute to plan what you want to say using the
piece of paper and pencil the examiner gives you to make notes if you
wish. You then talk for one to two minutes on your given topic and the
examiner listens to you. The topics are familiar ones based on your personal experiences such as talking about a teacher who had a big influence on you, your favourite TV programme, a meal you enjoyed or a
holiday you'd like to have. At the end of the two minutes, the examiner
106
usually asks you a short simple question to round off this part of the
test. Your response to this question does not have to be long and detailed. In Part 2 it's important to speak without too much hesitation and
to link the different parts of the talk together well.
Here are the basic rules for the Part 2 task:
• You need to speak on a personal, familiar topic for up to two
minutes.
• The examiner gives you a task card. The task card helps to guide
you through the talk by giving you four points to cover in your talk.
• You have one minute to prepare what you are going to say and
you should use the four points on the task card to help you make notes.
• The examiner listens to you as you speak. This is your chance to
show that you have good fluency (i .e. you can talk at a normal speed
without too many pauses and hesitations) and coherence (you can organize
you r talk and connect ideas together so that what you say makes sense).
• At the end of the talk, the examiner asks a short question that
only requires a brief answer.
Задания
Exercise 113. Answer the question. Which parts did you find
difficult?
PART 2
Talk about a building that you like.
You should say:
where the building is
what the building looks like what the building is used for
and explain why you like it so much.
You will have to talk about the topic for 1 to 2 minutes.
You have 1 minute to think about what you are going to say. You
can make some notes to help you if you wish.
Exercise 114. Work in pairs. Read the tips and tactics and dis-
cuss these questions.
a. Which tips and tactics do you think are the most useful?
b. Did you use any of these tips and tactics when you answered
the sample questions in Section B?
c. Which tips will you use in the future?
1. Read the task card very carefully to make sure that you know
what to talk about and what the four points underneath the topic instruction are.
107
2. Make the most of your planning time. On the paper you are giv-
en write the topic word at the top, e .g. 'a building', then write the name
of the building you want to talk about, e.g. 'The Capital Gate Building',
then draw a cross shape underneath so you have four boxes in which to
make notes on the four points underneath.
3. Don't write sentences on the paper - you don't have time. Key
words and expressions are enough to focus your ideas and give you
some support as you speak.
4. Structure your talk by introducing each part of the talk and then
indicating when you are moving on to the next part, e.g. 'I'm going to
talk about ...', 'OK, first, the building is located in ...', 'Secondly, the
appearance of the building. Well, the building looks quite strange from
the outside ...', 'Now, moving on to what the building is used for ...',
'Finally, the reason I like this building so much is ...'
5. Write down some topics that you think could be used in Part 2
and try writing four points underneath the topic.
6. Practise talking about topics for two minutes so that you get a
feel for how long the time lasts. Make sure you can fit a beginning,
middle and end into this time.
7. Record yourself and listen to your talk. Check several criteria,
e.g. timing, organisation, hesitation, use of linking words, pronunciation and range and accuracy of vocabulary and grammar.
8. As you talk, think about the marking criteria that the examiners
will use to mark your response.
9. Ask a friend to listen to you speak and see if he or she can guess
your topic and the four points you covered. Your friend could also
comment on the criteria in point 7 above.
10. Don't memorise a talk to use in the test. It is impossible to pre-
dict which topic you will be asked to talk on and it is much better to
sound natural.
Exercise 115. Work in pairs. Look at the example Part 2 task
card A below.
1. Discuss what you are required to do in this part of the Speaking test.
2. Underline key words in the task.
3. Decide what grammar forms you need to use in your answer
(past, present, future tenses or hypothetical language, e.g. would).
Task card A
Talk about a holiday you have taken that you really enjoyed.
You should say:
108
where the holiday was
who was with you on the holiday
what you did on the holiday
and explain why the holiday was so enjoyable
Exercise 116. Now look at task card B. Discuss how it com-
pares to task card A.
Task card B
Talk about a holiday you would like to take in the future.
You should say:
where the holiday would be
who you would go with on the holiday what you would do on the
holiday
and explain why you would like to take this holiday.
Exercise 117. Work in pairs. You are going to make notes for
your talk.
1. Spend one minute making notes for task card A in Exercise 4.
2. Show your notes to your partner and discuss the following ques-
tions:
a. How are they similar or different?
b. Did the one minute preparation time seem short? c What's the
best way to make use of the time?
Exercise 118. Now take turns to give your talk.
• Time each other for two minutes.
• At the end of the talk, ask your partner one question connected
to the topic.
• Tell your partner what they did well and how they could im-
prove their answer.
• How could you improve your own answer?
• Were your notes helpful?
Exercise 118. Prepare to talk about the topic on task card B.
You have one minute to do this. Use the style of notes in E above.
When you finish, look at your partner's notes and discuss what's
good about the notes and how they could be improved. Use the following criteria to help you assess the notes:
Do your partner's notes have :
• a topic title
109
• four key question words
• two points under each question word
• some useful vocabulary/phrases
Рекомендуемая литература
1. Rogers, Bruce. The Complete guide to Ielts. United Kingdom
National Geographic Learning Cengage Learning, 2016.
2. Tyreman, C. J. How to master the IELTS over 400 practice
questions for all parts of the International English Language Testing
System. London; Philadelphia: Kogan Page Limited, 2012.
3. Vanessa Jakeman, Clare McDowell. New Insight into IELTS,
Cambridge University Press, 2010.
4. Wyatt, Rawdon. Check your English vocabulary for IELTS.
London: A & C Black, 2004.
110
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]