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Файл:Теория и практика речевой коммуникации. Практикум
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3. Identify what key information is being presented in the table and
which important figures or striking features you'll need to write about.
4. Plan your writing. You can usually divide it into three para-
graphs: introduction, first main paragraph and second main paragraph.
5. Look carefully at the timeframe that the table covers and work out
what tenses you need to use (past, present, present perfect or future).
6. Begin with an introductory sentence that describes the table in
general terms, but don't repeat the exact wording of the question.
7. Then describe one or two general trends or features shown in
the table. Don't go into detail; just report the most important features
you see when you look at the table.
8. In the main paragraph, select and write about the features that
are most important and interesting, and include relevant data to support
the points you make.
9. When selecting key information, look for the highest and the
lowest figures in each set of figures, and the range between them.
10. Look for similarities and differences in the information in the
table and try to divide the information in the table into groups. Write
about each main point.
11. Don't try to write about all the data in the table and don't in-
clude details that are irrelevant to the main trends.
12. Remember, don't try to analyse or explain the information in
the table, or do any calculations; just describe and report it.
13. Keep track of the time. Don't spend more than 20 minutes on
Task.
14. Make sure your handwriting is clear and legible.
15. Keep in mind the criteria that the examiners use to mark your
response.
Exercise 77. Look at the table about sources for films. Then
look at the sentences (1-5). Choose the best option to complete the
sentences.
1. Based on original screenplay / Films based on an original
screenplay had the highest per cent / percentage of market share.
2. Films based on books or plays / Books and plays represented
about a third of all the films made during this period.
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3. There were slightly more based on fact / movies based on fact
made than on TV / movies based on TV shows, and based on fact /
films based on fact had a higher total gross.
4. Legend and fairy tale / Films that were based on legends and
fairy tales represented just under two per cent of all movies made in this
period.
5. Theme park rides / Movies based on theme park rides had the
lowest percentage of market share / market share per cent but had by far
the highest average gross.
Exercise 78. Rewrite the following sentences. Replace the un-
derlined words using words or expressions with a similar meaning.
1. The amount of goods moved by rail has increased over the
years.
2. According to the table, more bicycles are made in China than in
the European Union.
3. About $10 million of luxury goods are imported every year.
4. The data shows that more types of materials are being recycled.
5. The income from oil exports went down in 2012 and then again
in 2014.
6. The data from the year 1995 is quite interesting.
7. Farmers in this province mow fruit and vegetables.
8. Some of these changes were important, but others were less so.
9. These numbers changed radically in the early 1900s.
10. Brazil's performances in World Cup matches have generally
been very good.
62
Exercise 79. Look at the table below about milk production in
Australia and answer the question (3-5 minutes).
1. What is the main point of the table?
2. What overall trend do you see?
3. Are there any exceptions to this general trend?
4. What are one or two important points about Australian milk
production in 2001/2002?
5. What about in 2010/2011?
6. What points of comparison can you make between these two
years?
Exercise 80. Now write your answer (10-15 minutes).
1. Write an introductory statement (based on the information in the
text box above the table) and describe the overall idea or main trend
shown in the table in paragraph 1.
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2. Give details about 2001/2002 and 2010/2011 in paragraph 2.
3. Compare statistics about milk production during these two periods.
Exercise 81. Check your work. Look for mistakes in spelling,
punctuation, and grammar. Make sure that you have used the correct tenses, and used a good variety of language for tables (3-5
minutes).
Рекомендуемая литература
1. Terry Morgan, Wilson Judith. Focus on Academic Skills for
IELTS. Pearson Longman, 2010.
2. Rogers, Bruce. The Complete guide to Ielts. United Kingdom
National Geographic Learning Cengage Learning, 2016.
64
9. PIE CHARTS AND MULTIPLE CHARTS
Цель: формирование общекультурных и общепрофессио-
нальных компетенций через развитие знаний, умений и навыков
при отработке письменных заданий в результате освоения темы.
Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-
ствовать формированию следующих компетенций:
студент овладевает когнитивно-дискурсивными умениями,
направленными на восприятие и порождение связных монологических и диалогических текстов в устной и письменной форме (ОПК-3);
студент овладевает конвенциями речевого общения в ино-
язычном социуме, правилами и традициями межкультурного и профессионального общения с носителями иностранного языка (ОПК-5).
Освоение вышеуказанных аспектов работы будут способ-
ствовать формированию следующих знаний, умений и навыков
знать:
основные фонетические, лексические, грамматические, сло-
вообразовательные явления изучаемого иностранного языка в аспекте теории и диахронии;
стилистические ресурсы и дифференциацию языковых
средств русского и английского языков; закономерности функционирования изучаемого иностранного языка, его функциональные
разновидности, литературную норму, формулы общения, фразеологические единицы и т.д.; экстралингвистическую и лингвострановедческую информацию относительно этических и нравственных норм поведения, принятых в инокультурном социуме;
теоретические основы теории текста как категории междис-
циплинарного знания в соответствии с современными исследованиями русских и зарубежных учёных;
уметь:
выделять в тексте основные фонетические, лексические,
грамматические, словообразовательные явления иностранного
языка, объяснять основные языковые явления и закономерности их
использования в тексте, выбирать наиболее уместные языковые
средства изучаемого иностранного языка для построения аутентичных высказываний;
65
выбирать наиболее уместные языковые средства изучаемо-
го иностранного языка для построения аутентичных высказываний; определять и интерпретировать разнообразные лингвистические явления в их взаимосвязи с основной коммуникативной задачей; выявлять основные лингвистические феномены, которые являются барьером в успешном осуществлении коммуникативной
деятельности;
владеть
специальными приемами совершенствования умения вер-
бального и невербального общения, присущего носителям языка;
терминологическим аппаратом лингвостилистики и смеж-
ных дисциплин; методами и приемами лингвистического анализа
языковых единиц, текстов и их фрагментов различной жанровостилевой принадлежности; навыками научного подхода к работе
над текстом различной стилевой принадлежности с целью адекватного изложения его результатов на русском и английском языках в устной и письменной формах.
Теоретическая часть
A pie chart is a circular graph that is divided into segments. It
looks like a pizza cut into uneven slices. It shows the relationship between the parts and the whole. The circle itself represents 100 per cent
of something and each slice represents a certain percentage of that
thing. There is usually a key (legend) that explains what each segment
represents.
Pie charts
Here are the basic rules for writing about pie charts:
• Look at the chart carefully and decide what the most important
information and striking features are.
• Write a well-organised overview.
• Include data to support the key points.
• Use an academic register or style.
• Write at least 150 words.
• Complete the task in about 20 minutes.
• Include only the key points. Minor details or irrelevant data can
be left out.
• Don't do any calculations or give your opinion about the infor-
mation.
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Multiple charts and graphs
In Task 1 there will often be two or three pie charts to compare.
Often, these charts represent different time periods. You may also see
other types of graphs or charts. They may be the same type - two line
graphs, for example - or there may be two different types - a pie chart
and a table, or a line graph and a bar chart.
The basic rules for writing about multiple charts are the same as
for writing about single charts. However, you need to look at and report
on both charts/graphs, and understand the relationship between them.
Задания
Exercise 82. Work in pairs. Look at the two charts below and
answer the questions.
1. What kind of chart is the first chart? And the second?
2. What is the topic of the two charts?
3. What geographical areas do they cover?
4. What time frame does each chart cover? Are they the same or
different?
5. Which of the two charts shows a trend?
6. In the pie chart, which country generates the most electricity?
7. What verb forms should you use to describe the fourth bar in the
second chart?
Exercise 83. Work in pairs. Read the tips and tactics and dis-
cuss these questions.
a. Which tips and tactics do you think are the most useful?
67
b. Did you use any of these tips and tactics when you answered
the sample question in Section B?
c. Which tips will you use in the future?
1. The first step is to look carefully at the information in the
graphs/charts. Don't rush through this step. Make sure you understand
the charts before you start to write.
2. Underline important words in the question and circle important
information in the graphs/ charts.
3. Identify what key information is being presented in the
graphs/charts and the features or figures you'll need to write about.
4. If there is more than one pie chart, look for similarities and dif-
ferences between them. If there are two or more different graphs/chart
s, try to work out the relationship between them.
5. Plan your writing. You can usually div ide it into three para-
graphs: introduction, first main paragraph and second main paragraph.
6. Choose the most significant and interesting information to
comment on, for example, the largest segment, the smallest and the
main differences between the pie charts.
7. If the charts/graphs include information about time period, look for
trends- numbers that go up, down, fluctuate, or stay the same over time.
8. Begin with an introductory sentence that describes the
graphs/chart s in general terms, but don't repeat exactly the words from
the question.
9. Then describe one or two general trends or features shown in the
graphs/charts. Don't go into detail; just report the most important feature s
you see when you look at the graphs/ charts. If there are two different types
of chart identify the type of chart/graph and use a connecting word between the two sentences. For example, The pie chart shows ... ; On the
other hand, the bar graph illustrates . . .
10. In the main paragraphs, select and write about the features
that are most important and interesting, and include relevant data to
support the points you make.
11.When selecting key information from pie charts, look for the
largest and smallest segments . Look for any trends and exceptions to
those trends across the pie charts.
68
12. Be careful with numbers when you are writing about pie
charts. The numbers usually represent percentages but may also represent actual numbers.
13. Look carefully at the timeframe that the graphs/charts covers
and thin k about which tenses you need to use (past, present, present
perfect or future).
14. If there are different types of charts charts/graphs which cover
the same categories, you can focus firstly on the more important categories in each chart/graph and secondly on other categories in each of
the charts/graphs.
15. If the charts/graphs do not deal with the same categories, it is
better to focus one paragraph on the information in one chart/graph and
the second paragraph on information in the other chart/graph.
16. You may write a conclusion briefly explaining any relationship
between the graphs/charts and summa rising the main information in
one sentence.
17. Don't try to write about all the data in the graphs/charts and
don't include details that are irrelevant to the main points.
18. Remember, don't try to analyse or explain the information in
the graphs/charts, or do any calculations; just describe and report it.
19. Keep t rack of the time. Don't spend more than 20 minutes on
Task 1.
20. Make sure you r handwriting is clear and legible.
21. Keep in mind the criteria that the examiners will use to mark
your response.
Exercise 84. Look at the expressions and at the chart showing
total exports from one European country. Write five sentences
about the country's exports.
NUMBERS AND AMOUNTS
a large proportion Property taxes make up a large proportion of
the city's income.
a major portion A major portion of this country's economy is
fueled by oil exports.
a significant majority A significant majority of the roads in
this district are unpaved.
a large percentage A large percentage of the cars in this country
are made in Japan.
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a tiny fraction The journal can only publish a tiny fraction of
the articles it receives.
a mere + number or per cent A mere five per cent of the people
in this country had cell phones in 1995.
a small minority Just a small minority of people agree with this
idea.
a small percentage Only a small percentage of earthquakes cause
major damage.
Exercise 85. Look at these two pie charts. Write six descriptive
sentences about the information in the pie charts.
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