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Файл:Речевой практикум по английскому языку. В 2 частях. Ч.2. Учебное пособие
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SPEAKING
Exercise 43. Rea d and dra ma t ize th e dialogues.
Dialogue 1
Nadya: Daniel, w hat da y is it today?
Daniel: The 3rd of November.
Nadya: It's unnaturally warm outside for this season, don't you think?
Daniel: It's all the result of gl obal warming.
Nadya : What do y ou mean by g lob a l warming?
Daniel: I mean climate is changing worldwide. Due to rapid
technological progress ma ny things have changed. The world
glaciers are gra dually melting and the weather is getting warm
even i n winter .
Nadya: I see. So, it's the rise in temperature of Earth's climatic
system. That's not good at all.
Daniel: Moreover, the weather in some parts of the world is becoming
unnatural. For example, it has never snowed in Africa, today it
occassionally does. Speaking about our country, each year I feel
that it's ge tting a bit warmer and less snowy.
Nadya: Why is this global warming happening anyway?
Daniel: It is primarily a problem of too much carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere. It acts as a blanket, which traps the heat and
warms the planet. It's also called the greenhouse effect.
Nadya: That's sad indeed. I believe that global warming is not the
only problem on our planet.
Daniel: You're ri ght. T her e are plenty of environmental problems
nowadays, such as pollution, deforestation, overpopulation,
natural resource depletion, acid rains, etc.
Nadya: And it 's all the resu lt of huma n careless beha viour. C an't
there be anything done about it?
Daniel: Of course, it can. However, most people are too lazy to
include some simple rules in their life.
Nadya: Wha t can we do to p revent global warming?
Daniel: First of all, we should start recycling paper, plastic and
glass. Secondly, we should drive less cars and start using
bicycles. Thir dly, it is highly recommended to use less heat,
hot water and air conditioni ng.
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Nadya: These are good tips. Are there any other rules?
Dani el: W e ca n als o c hang e t he li ght b ulb s i n our hou ses. Regu la r
bulbs should be r eplaced by fluorescent light bulbs. They are a
bit more expensive, but they last much longer. We can start
buying other energy-efficient products. There are many home
appliances today that come in a range of energy-efficient
models. And, finally, we can encourage others to follow t hese
rules.
Nadya : It wou ld cert ainly b e benef icial for our p lanet if ever yone
followed these rules.
Dialogue 2
A - How many people live on the Earth today and why is
over populati on an important issue?
B - T he wor ld's p opula tio n is a n imp orta nt issu e. F or hu ndreds of
thousands of years, the huma n population gr ew at a low but
steadily increasing rate. Then, in less than last 200 years, the
world population went fr om several hundreds of millions to
mor e t han 6 b illion people.
A - Does overpopulation hurt our environment?
B - Overpopulation is like a big magnifying glass making little
problems into big ones. Overpopulation is destroying our
environment, lowering the standard of living, and generally
degrading the quality of life. Overp opulation also causes more
violence, environmental pollution that reflects on land
degradation, tropical forest destruction, global warming and
dest ruct io n of c ora l reefs . 7 b ill io n memb er s ociet y ha s t o get
a huge food infrastructure, so society start producing
genetically made food, which is cheaper than ordinary one but
might reflect in the nutrient balance.
A - Is it prohibited to have more than three children for a couple in
China?
B - In China it is really prohibited to have more than one child for
a couple. There is a very dangerous situation in India. By the
year 2025 its population might reach 1.5 billion p eople.
A - How much time does it take to double the Ear th's population?
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B - Every second five people are born and two people die, so there
is a gain of three people. At this rate, the world population is
doubling every 40 years and would be: 12 billions in 40 years,
24 billions in 80 years and 48 billions in 120 years. But the
Earth could provide f oo d only f or 20 b illions people.
Exercise 44. Complete the dialogues.
A - ……………………….
B - The world was stunned by the news in late February 1997
because a British embryologist named Ian Wilmut and his
research team had successfully cloned a lamb named Dolly
from an adult sheep.
A - ………………………
B - Dolly was created by replacing the DNA of one sheep's egg
with the DNA of another sheep's udder.
A - ……………………….
B - Many people are convinced that the cloning of any species,
whether they are human or non-human, is ethically and
morally wrong , because - cloning of human beings would
result in sever e psychological effects in the cloned child, and
that the cloning of non-human species subjects them to
unet hic a l or un mor a l tr ea t ment f or hu ma n n ee ds . T he p oss ib l e
phys ica l dama ge tha t cou ld b e don e if hu ma n clon ing b eca me
a reality is obvious when one looks at the sheer loss of life
that occur red bef ore the b irth of D olly. Less t han ten percent
of t h e initia l transf ers sur vi ve to be healthy creatures.
A - ………………………..
B - The dilemma is very complex. The question shakes us all to our
very souls. For huma ns to consider the cloning of one another
forces them all to question the very concepts of right and
wron g that make them a ll hu man. Ma ny count ries impos ed a
ban fo r huma n-clo ning research.
Exercise 45. What do you th ink…
a. will happen in the next 50 years?
b.could happen?
c. won’t happ en?
Mark the sentences a, b or c.
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1) Most cars will be electr ic.
2) Nuclear energy will end.
3) Alternative energy will be more important than oil.
4) You will recycle all your bags, cans and paper.
5) Almost all the ra in forests will disa p pear.
6) People will cont inue to sunbathe.
7) The climate wi ll get w orse.
8) The next generation will care more about the environment
than the present.
9) In elections “G reen Issu es” will become mor e important tha n
any oth er .
10) People will destroy the earth.
Exercise 46. How much do you know Environmental Problems that
face the world to day? Lo ok at the questions and tr y to answ er them.
1) What are CFCs and how do they affect the environment?
2) What alternative for ms of energy do you know?
3) What is the Ozone Layer? What does it do? What is
happening to it?
4) How are forests good for the environment? What is happening
to them?
5) What is a hybrid car? How does it help the environment?
6) What is acid r ain?
7) What is recycling? How does it help the environment?
8) What is the Greenh ouse Effect?
Exercise 47. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Begin
you answer with:
You are right (wrong, mistaken) ...
How could you say that ...
That’s true (not true) ...
I agree with you here ...
I can’t (don’t) agree with you ...
Excuse my interrupting you but ...
To my mind ...
In my opinion ...
It goes without saying…
There is nothing to argue about ...
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1) Though each of us must do everything possible to keep the
land, air and water clean, the problem can’t be solved by the
only man in th e o nly cou nt ry.
2) The pollution of the environment is one of the greatest
dang ers to human beings o n earth.
3) The concentration of smoke in the air is so high in some
industrial centers that it is deadly dangerous just to breathe there.
4) The ec o l o g ic a l ha rmony i s di s t u rbed o n earth.
5) Now the planet’s “green lungs” are being destroyed, its ozone
layer ruined, the acid rains fall out and the oceans get polluted.
6) Our aim at present is to change from an uncontrolled
development of the machine-based civilization to a
conscientious developme nt of a societ y.
7) The world community needs 30-45 superpowerful units at
least to generate several thousand tons of ozone a mont h.
WRITING
Exercise 48. Comment on the following topics. Write an essay using
120-180 words.
Ø R ich countries shoul d share their technologi es with poorer
countries.
Ø Nuclear war and its outcomes.
Ø The problem of environmental protection.
Model answer:
Space exploration is a waste of time and money.It achieves
nothing.
People ha ve always b een interest ed in spa ce explorat ion.This is
proba bly why science-fiction bo oks and f ilms are so pop ular.But in real
life is the space exp loration worth all the time a nd money spent on it?
It is my opinion that space exploration is worthwhile. First,
there are practical results from space research, for example the
satellites which allow us to use GPS and mobile phones.Second,we
need to understand space because our planet is a part of an infinite
universe. Who knows, we may need t o move planets one day!
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It can be argued that there are many problems on the Earth
which should be investigated and solved. For instance,we still have
not found a real alt ernative energy source for oil and gas.It is unlikely
that this ener gy source lies somewhere in space. In addition, it costs a
lot of moneyt o start a space project. However, in my opinion, Earth is
a part of space and everything that happens on our planet is connected
to the universe. For example, Moon control tides in the sea. By
understanding the space, we get to know more about the Earth.As
regards cost, nations should work together to share the expense:
international space station Mir is a prime example.
To sum up, I can not support the view that space exp loration is
useless.The results can be very practical and the cost can be reduced
by interna tional cooperation.
Exercise 49. Read this incomplete letter and write a para graph of
about 30 words to complete it using relevant ideas.
Dear Mr. Turner,
I am writing to you to complain about your advertisement which
appeared in Monday’s Daily News. In my opinion, your company has no
right to claim to be caring for the environment. In fact, your factory is one
of the biggest polluters of the area.
In the advertisement you mentioned the fact that air pollution of
the factory has fallen by 10 %. However, you failed to mention the fact
that on some days local residents were forced to stay indoors because of
unpleasant smell coming from the factory. There was also no mention that
pollution of the River Lee has actually increased over the last year.
………
Webster Brothers is seriously damaging the local environment and
must take actions before it is too late. I am looking forward to reading
your response on the above points.
Yours sincerely,
Tom Francis
Exercise 50. Pro ject work. Imagine that you are not satisfied with the
leftover food in university lunchroom. Write the letter to the rector,
using the words below this sample letter and your own ideas sa well.
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An environment al l etter of complaint
To the Rector,
(1)_________ the large amount of food that is wasted every day in
our university. This habit is uneconomical and bad for the e nvironment.
Each day in the lunchroom, students are throwing away too
much food. This behavior is (2)__________ a great university like
ours. (3)__________ frustration as we see st udents wasting food so
much. (4)__________, this wastes students’ money and the school’s
money because the school needs to buy bin bags. (5)__________ this
is very bad for the environment because all of the wasted food goes to
landfills. (6)_________
(7)__________, I know that we can’t e xpect students to always
finish all of their food. (8)__________, we can give them
(9)__________ to throwing their food away. Leftover food can be
used to make compost (mixture of unused food that can be made into
soil). If we had a compost bin in the lunchroom, students could put not
only unwanted food in it, but also banana skins, apple cores, etc. Thi s
could then be made into soil which we could use in a garden!
(10)__________, students need to be educated about food
waste and composting. Without education, students will not know
what to do. Teachers should make lessons about the environment and
composting so students know how important it is.
(11)___________, food waste is a big economical and
environmental problem at our school. By putting a compost bin in the
lunchroom and educating students about the environment,
(12)__________.
(13)___________.
Sincerely,
Group
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Fill in the bla nk spaces with these useful phrases.
1) Secondly,
2) we can solve this problem,
3) Unfortunately,
4) I am writi ng to draw your attention to,
5) Thank you for your time,
6) To sum up,
7) an alternative,
8) However,
9) Firstly,
10) is not what I expected from,
11) I have a few ideas to solve this problem and make our school
more environmentally friendly,
12) I must express my own, and other students,
13) To make ma tt ers wors e.
UNIT 3.
GETTING EMPLOYMENT
“Funn y thing, employment. If you keep doing it,
you keep getti ng paid.”
“People should wake up in the mor ning and
say 'I am n ot a job seeker, I am a job-cr eator.”
Muhammad Yunus
WARM I NG UP
Exercise 1. Work with a pa rtner and answ er these questions.
1. What job would you like to have in the future?
2. If you had to choose b etween a satisfying job and a well-paid
one, which would you choose?
3. Would you like to do some v o lunt eer work? If so, w here?
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N.K. Jemisin
4. Is exp eri ence or educa tion mor e imp orta nt when ap plyi ng for
1
stressful
5
disappointing
2
well-paid6tiring
3
exhausting
7
satisfying
4
rewarding
8
boring
A
He was happy because he had a good sa
lar y and cou ld
B
He applied for a job with a food company
.CHe was fired and was unemployed again
.DAfter six months he got promoted to the position of
E
Jake was unemp loyed and was looking for a job
.FHe had to do
har d and work over time
.GBut t hen he ha d a n argu me nt with h is b oss
.HHe had an int er view an d g ot the job
.
a new j ob?
5. Do you believe that some jobs are suitable only for men and
some only for women? Why? Justify your answer with
examples and reasons.
Exercise 2. Look at the list of aspects of a job. Decide if they are
advantages or disadvantages. Write A (advantages) or D
(disadvantages).
Exercise 3. Look a t the p ictur e story a nd mat ch sent ences w ith ea ch
picture.
use company car.
manager.
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Now reproduce the story looking at the pictures.
Exercise 4. a) Say in a few words, what documents you must prepare
befor e applying for a job. Start as given.
Depending on the job you are applying for, you might have to……
b) Have you ever had an interview for a job? What questions must you
thin k of w h en y ou go to the inter v i ew?
READING
TEXT A
Exercise 5. Discussion. What have been the most significant
changes in working life in the last 10 – 20 years in our country? It
may be helpful to consider the aspects of work listed here:
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