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Файл:Речевой практикум по английскому языку. В 2 частях. Ч.2. Учебное пособие
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Exercise 26. Put the part in order to form a sentence.
1. is, materials, of, converting, Recycling, waste, and, into,
materials, objects. new, the process,
2. waste. is, of, reusing, items, that, as, otherwise, the practice,
Recycling, be, discarded, would,
3. and, electr onic, elect r onics, c omponents, of, manuf actu re. are,
creating, a, serious, problem, Discarded, because, toxic, elements,
involved, in, their,
4. glass, ma t er ials, includ e, a n d, t yp es, of, pa p er , a nd, car db oa r d,
metal, plastic, tires, textiles, Recyclable, electronics. many,
5. cons i der ed, biod egr ada bl e, co mp ost ing, reus e, of, was te- suc h,
or, as, food, or, garden, waste-is, also, other, recycling. The,
6. strictest, In, the, sense, will, recycling, produce, example, of,
a, material, a of the same, material, for, used, office, paper. the, fresh
supply,
7. or, this, difficult, is, too, oft en, expensive. However,
8. planet, y ou. T ake, w ill, your, and, It, of, care, take, of, care,
TEXT G
Exercise 27. Rea d t h e text and expla in in Eng lish th e w ords in b old.
Good health
Most people would agree with the definition of good health as
being a state where you are free from sickness. Despite this, there are
many different opinions about how a person can actually have good
health. People used to only think of their health when they were sick. But
these da ys more and mor e p eople a re taking measures to make sure that
they don't get sick in the first place. In this article we will describe a few
of the most common things that you can do to stay healthy.
One of the best t hings you can do for your body is exercise. But
how much is enough? Not everyone agrees on exactly how much
peop l e sh ou ld ex erc ise eac h da y. So me p eople th i n k th a t doi ng s i mp l e
things like cleaning the house are helpful. Other people do heavy
exercise everyday such as running or swimming. One thing experts do
agr ee on is that a ny kind of ex ercis e is g o o d for y ou .
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Along with exercise, having a healthy diet can help promote good
health. Foods like vegetables and fruits should be eaten several times each
day. It is a lso i mpor tant to eat f oods hig h in fib er su ch a s beans, gra ins,
fruit and vegetables. Fiber helps your body to digest the food you eat. It
also helps your body in other ways such as decreasing the cha nce of
getting some cancers, heart disease and diabetes. Avoiding foods with a
lot of sugar, salt and fat is a good idea. Eating these kinds of foods can
lead to a variety of health problems. The main one being obesity. Obesity
means having so much fat on your body that you are risking your health.
In t oday’s mod ern world, we a ll ha ve so me lev el of s tres s in ou r
life. Different things caus e stress for different people. Money problems,
work and relationships with other people can all c ause s t ress . It can also
be caused by good things like getting married or moving into a new
house. The important thing to remember is that you can never completely
remove stress from your life. It will always be with you. Instead of trying
to remove stress, people need to be aware of what causes them stress and
find ways to reduce the impact that stress has on their lives.
There are several ways to fight against stress in your life.
Exercise and sports are a great way to redu ce str ess. Other activities
like Tai Chi, yoga or taking a walk also help reduce stress. Changing
the way you think can also reduce stress. Try living for now, and don't
worry about the future.
The things being mentioned above are only s ome of the ways
that people can ha ve good hea lth. Doing these simple things can help
you to have a better life now and will lead to a longer and happier life
in the future.
Exercise 28. Answ er the questions.
1) What is the most common definition of good health?
2) What does a healthy diet include?
3) What is the function of fiber?
4) How can peop le avo id obesity?
5) What impact does str ess have on our lives?
Exercise 29. Is this information true or false or not stated?
1) Most people would agree that good health means you don’t
have an y diseases.
42
2) One of t he best things you can do for y ou r body is exerci se.
acid, alternative, fossil, greenhouse, ozone
layer, pollution,
3) Along with exercise, a balanced diet can help have good health.
4) Nowa days p eople are not influenced by stress .
5) Exer cise a nd sports ar e a great way to cha nge you r figu re.
6) Fiber helps your body to digest the food you eat.
7) Stress can be caused by exams.
Exercise 30. Give English equivalents to the following words and
word combinations.
Несмотря на, принимать меры, избегать, уменьшать шанс,
болезни сердца, осознавать, влияние, упоминать, находить
способы, рисковать здоровьем.
GRAMMAR AND LEXICAL EXERCISES
Exercise 31. Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form.
1) Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption (to
create) some dangerous planet-wide problems recently. 2) If nothing
(to be done) about it, many species of flora and fauna (to become)
extinct by 2030. 3) The Environmental movement (to gain) a lot of
supporters long before our country (to manage) to join it indeed.
4) The problem of environmental protection (to become) a part of
polit ic a l pr o gra ms i n ma ny c ou nt ri es b y th e en d of t he c ent u r y. 5 ) O ur
non-governmental body ai med at implementing some useful laws and
decisions on the problem which (to be adopted) before.
Exercise 32. Complete the sentences b elow using words from the box.
public, rain forest, recycling, solar, species, warming
1) The tropical rain forest is being cut down.
2) By __________ glass, metal and paper, we save ener gy.
3) Scientists have det ected holes in the __________, which will
allow harmful radiation to reach the surface of the Earth.
4) Some gases trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere, causing the
so-called ‘__________ effect’.
43
5) One result of global __________ is likely to be a disastrous
rise in sea levels.
6) Heavy industry causes a great deal of air __________.
7) Solar energy and wind energy are sometimes called
‘__________’ energy because they are used instead of coal, oil and
gas.
8) __________ panels us e the sun’s energy to heat water.
9) Human activity has destroyed many anima l __________.
10) People still prefer their own cars to __________ transport.
11) Coal, oil and gas are known as __________ fuels.
12) Damage has been caused to forests by __________ rain.
Exercise 33. Translate into English.
1) Перенаселение, загрязнение воды и воздуха, а также
использование атомной энергии создали опасную
ситуацию на планете.
2) Результатом неразумной деятельности человека явились
такие вредные явления, как истощение озонового слоя,
парниковый эффект и кислотные дожди.
3) К концу тысячелетия человечество не сумело
сохранить здоровье и красоту планеты.
4) Если мы ничего не сделаем, то исчезнут многие виды
фауны и флоры к 2030 году.
5) Ученые во всем мире провели долгосрочные
исследования и пришли к выводу, что озоновый слой
истощается в глобальном масштабе.
6) Все страны мира должны объединить усилия, чтобы
воплотить в жизнь законы и решения, которые были
приняты ранее.
7) «Залатать озоновые дыры» технически возможно. Это
потребует создания сверхмощных установок, способных
вырабатывать несколько тысяч тонн озона в месяц.
8) Промышленно развитые страны не могут и
не должны игнорировать проблему загрязнения
окружающей среды.
44
9) Неуправляемое развитие техногенной цивилизации
является одной из причин загрязнения окружающей
среды.
10) Чтобы спасти озоновый слой, необходимо срочно
принять меры и использовать только экологически
дружественную технологию.
11) Неправительственные организации должны сочетать
социально-экологическую помощь с технической
деятельностью, чтобы сохранить окружающую среду.
12) Технологическая деятельность включает в себя
очищение стоков и выхлопных газов, утилизацию
промышленных отходов и сокращение использования
минеральных удобрений до минимума.
13) Сверхмощные установки, способные вырабатывать
тысячи тонн озона в месяц, спасут нашу планету от
«ультрафиолетовой смерти».
14) Достижения человечества в механизации и
автоматизации промышленных процессов, в создании
автономных электростанций и кораблей принесло как
большую пользу, так и большой вред.
15) Когда все страны уделят необходимое внимание
проблеме охраны окружающей среды, человечество
войдет в новую эру своего развития.
Exercise 34. Cho ose the c orrect word to fill in the gap in th e sent ence.
1) Sulphur dioxide is one of the most serious air
polluters/pollutants.
2) There are far too many people in this country: it’s
overpopulated/overpopulation.
3) We didn’t dare to swim in the river as it was probably
contaminated/infected wi th s e wage.
4) The children left sweets wrappers and other dump/litter all
over the park.
5) The leak from the nearby factory has endangered/poisoned the
lake and killed ma ny species of fish.
45
Exercise 35. Fin d words that best compl ete the s entences. Each li ne
Let alone
, signify,
nutrients
,
rejecting
,
gain,limit,predicting
,
corresponds to one lett er. Some letters have already been given. What
is th e word?
1) Car _ x _ _ _ _ _ emissions are a major source of lead
pollution in the atmosphere.
2) The company is very environmentally friendly: all the
products come in _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ d _ _ _ _ packaging.
3) Using energy efficient ly r educes the emission of _ _ _ _ _ h _
_ s _ gases.
4) Oxygen in the atmosphere forms a screen – the ozone layer –
which filters the _ _ _ _ a _ _ _ l _ _ rays of the sun.
5) The Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident released huge
amounts of r _ d _ _ _ _ _ n into the environment.
6) The dinosaurs _ _ _ d out 65 millio n years ago.
7) _ m _ _ is the major cause of air pollution in big cities.
Exercise 36. Fill in the correct words from the list below.
glowing skin, research, adolescence, consume, tend to.
1) Vegetables are an essential part of our diet as they contain a
lot of ……. (healthy substances)
2) I don’t even know what a breadfruit looks like, ……what it
tastes like. (not to mention)
3) You s houl d ……… a mount of choc olate y ou eat if you want
to lose weight. (restrict)
4) The stars on the label …… that the brandy is of the best
quality. (mean)
5) Scientific …… has shown that saturated fats are a major cause
of cancer.
6) People who eat a lot of sweets …… have dental problems.
(are likely to)
7) Jill is overweight b ecause she ate so much junk food during
her …... (t ee nage years)
8) Her …... is a result of all the fruit and vegetables she eats.
(healthy looking complexion)
9) More and more people are ….. meat in favour of more fruit
and vegetables. (not accepting)
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10) Unless you cut down on junk food and sweets you will ….
Scientists around the world agr ee that the
_________
AFFECTS
weight. (put on)
11) Nutritionists ar e ….. that junk food consumption will increase
in the near future. (foreseeing)
12) Youn g peop le ……. la rg e amount s of ca rbo nated drin ks wit h
their meals. (take in)
Exercise 37. Fill in the blanks with words from the box. There are
THREE words y ou will n ot need.
A hea lthy lifestyle
key to staying (1)_________ and keeping fit is to
eat less and do (2)_________ exercise such as
walking or cycling. However, people who
exercise too intensively often (3)
themselves by spending the rest of the day in
front of the TV set. At the same time, they have
to eat more to give them (4)_________ for the
next workout. To avoid gaining (5)_________,
researchers suggest that going for a longer walk
or riding a bike for a few hours may actually be
bet ter than hi gh-energy exer cise.
A low-fat (6)_________ may be good for
your waistline, but research suggests it may have
negative psychological (7)_________. Medical
experts have found out that volunteers who
followed a strict twenty-five percent fat diet
reported feelings of depressions and bad
(8)_________.
Many of us already know that drinking
coffee raises
your blood
(9)_________
but according to
the latest studies,
it too, can make
you bad-
ATTACKS
CHEMICALS
CHOLESTEROL
DIET
DISEASE
DOSES
EFFECTS
ENERGY
GENTLE
HEALTHY
HEART
MOOD
PHYSICAL
PRESSURE
PROTECT
REDUCE
REWARD
WEIGHT
47
tempered. Mice that were given regular
(10)________ of caffeine by researchers turned
________
_________
1.A
danger
B
threat
C
problem
D
vanishing
2.A
marks
B
more
C
species
D
form
s3.Adisappeared
B
vanished
C
empty
D
extinct
4.A
harm
B
safeCprotect
D
serve
5.A
hunted
B
chased
C
game
D
extinct
out to be more aggressive than others. On the
other hand, chemicals found in tea can
(11)________ the risk of heart (12)________
and have a positive effect on (13)
levels and high b lood pressure.
If you’re a chocolate fan, there’s good
news for you! Recent studies have revealed that
(14)_________ found in chocolate can not only
put you in a good mood but also (15)
you from a variety of minor illnesses including
colds, coughs, depressions and even help reduce
the risk of (16)_________ disease.
Exercise 38. Decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each space.
The threat to the environment
Nowadays people are more aware that wildlife all over the world is
in (1) __A__. Many (2) _____ of animals are threatened, and could easily
become (3) _____ if we do not make a n effort to (4) _____ them. There
are many reasons for this. In some cases, animals are (5) _____ for their
fur or for other valuable parts of their b odies. Some birds, (6) _____ as
parrots, are caught (7) _____, and sold as pets. For many animals and
birds, the problem is that their habitat – the (8) _____ where they live – is
(9) _____. More (10) _____ is used for farms, for houses or industry, and
there are fewer open (11) _____ than there once were. Farmers use
powerful chemicals to help them grow better (12) _____, but these
chemicals pollute the environment and (13) _____ wildlife. The most
successful animals on earth – human beings – will s oon be the only ones
(14) _____, unless we can (15) _____ this problem.
48
6.A
likeBsuch
CorD
where
7.A
lively
B
alive
C
for life
D
for living
8.A
spotBpoint
C
place
D
site9.Aexhausting
B
dep
arting
C
escaping
D
disappearing
10.A
earth
B
landCsoilDarea11.Aspaces
B
airCupDparts
12.A
products
B
fields
C
herbs
D
crops
13.A
spoil
B
harm
C
wound
D
wrong
14.A
survived
B
overCmissing
D
left15.Aanswer
B
calculate
C
solve
D
exp
lain
LISTENING
S
peaker 1
A
enquiring about a safety issue
Sp eaker 2
B
discouraging someone from doing
Sp eaker 3
C
inf orming about a nat ural event
Sp eaker 4
D
complaining about lack of action
Sp eaker 5
E
promising to change bahaviour
F
suggesti
ng a way to become more
G
providing information an recycling
Hseeking permission to do somet hing
Exercise 39. You will hear five people talking about environment
issues. For questions 1 – 5, choose from the list A – H what each
per s on is d oi n g. Use t h e l et t er s o nl y o nc e. T h ere a r e th r e e ex t r a let t ers
whic h you do not need t o use.
something
environmentally friendly
49
Exercise 40. Wor k wi th a partner and a ns w er these questions.
How can people you age help the environment?
Have you ever taken par t in an environmental project? If so,
what kind of project was it?
Do you think enou gh is being done in your local area to help
the environment? Why? / Why not?
Exercise 41. Fit as a Fiddle. You will hear someone talking about
sleep and sleep problems. For questions 1-7, complete the sentences.
1. People driving when they are tired are at least partly to blame
for almost ____________ of serious road accidents.
2. Our brains are designed to get ready for sleep when they sens e
___________.
3. Our modern lifestyles mean our sleep patterns are very
different from our bodies’ natural biological ____________.
4. Young children need to sleep for about ____________ every
night.
5. Teenagers naturally tend to wake up ____________ in the
mor ning than adu lts.
6. Diff iculti es with sleeping are reported by a pproximately one
____________ of America ns.
7. The speaker is disappointed that most sleep research is carried
out by private companies rather than by government health
____________.
Exercise 42. Fit as a Fiddle. Wor k wi th a partner and answer these
questions.
What does a healthy lifestyle mean to you?
What are some ways you manage stress in your daily life?
How many hours of sleep do you usually get each night?
Do you have a ny t ips for mai nta i nin g a h ea lt hy l if est yl e w hi l e
balancin g w ork/st u d i es and oth er r espons ibilities?
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