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Файл:Метавселенная как она меняет наш мир
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Благодарности
Эта книга существует благодаря многим членам семьи, помощникам, учителям, друзьям, предпринимателям, мечтателям, писателям и творцам, которые вдохновляли и учили меня на протяжении
последних четырех десятилетий. Вот лишь малая часть этих людей.
Джо-Энн Болук, Тед Болл, Поппо, Бренда и Эл Хэрроу, Аншул Рупарелл, Майкл Завальски, Уилл Менерей, Абхинав Саксена, Джейсон
Хиршхорн, Крис Меледандри, Тал Шачар, Джек Дэвис, Джули Янг,
Гэди Эпштейн, Джейкоб Навок, Крис Катальди, Джейсон Чи, София
Фэн, Анна Свит, Имран Сарвар, Джонатан Глик, Питер Рохас, Питер
Кафка, Мэттью Хеник, Шэрон Тал Игуадо, Куни Такахаши, Тони Дрисколл, Марк Ноузуорти, Аманда Мун, Томас Лебьен, Дэниел Герстл,
Пилар Куин, Шарлотта Перман, Пол Рериг и Грегори Макдональд.
Примечания
Введение
1
Casey Newton, “Mark in the Metaverse: Facebook’s CEO on Why the Social Network
Is Becoming ‘a Metaverse Company,’ ” The Verge, July 22, 2021, accessed January4,
2022, https://www.theverge.com/.
2
Dean Takahashi, “Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang Weighs in on the Metaverse, Blockchain,
and Chip Shortage,” Venture Beat, June 12, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://
venturebeat.com/.
3
Данные взяты из базы данных Bloomberg на 2 января 2022 г. (исключая дюжину
упоминаний о компаниях, у которых слово «метавселенная» есть только в назва-
нии).
4
Zheping Huang, “Tencent Doubles Social Aid to $15 Billion as Scrutiny Grows,”
Bloomberg, August 18, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.bloomberg.
com/.
5
Chang Che, “Chinese Investors Pile into ‘Metaverse,’ Despite O cial Warnings,”
SupChina, September 24, 2021, accessed January 4, 2021, https://supchina.
com/2021/09/24/chinese-investors-pile-into-metaverse-despite-o cial-warnings/.
6
Jens Bostrup, “EU’s Danske Che orhandler: Facebooks store nye project ‘Metaverse’
er dybt bekymrende,” Politiken, October 18, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://
politiken.dk/.
Глава 1. Краткая история будущего
1
Neal Stephenson, Snow Crash (New York: Random House, 1992), 7 [Нил Стивен-
сон, «Лавина»].
2
John Schwartz, “Out of a Writer’s Imagination Came an Interactive World,” New York
Times, December 5, 2011, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/.
3
Joanna Robinson, “The Sci-Fi Guru Who Predicted Google Earth Explains Silicon
Valley’s Latest Obsession,” Vanity Fair, June 23, 2017, accessed January 4, 2022,
https://www.vanityfair.com/.
4
Stanley Grauman Weinbaum, Pygmalion’s Spectacles (1935), Kindle edition, 2
[Стэнли Вейнбаум, «Очки Пигмалиона»].
5
Ryan Zickgraf, “Mark Zuckerberg’s ‘Metaverse’ Is a Dystopian Nightmare,” Jacobin,
September 25, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.jacobinmag.com/.
6
J. D. N. Dionisio, W. G. Burns III, and R. Gilbert, “3D Virtual Worlds and the
Metaverse: Current Status and Future Possibilities,” ACM Computing Surveys 45,
issue 3 (June 2013), http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2480741.2480751.
7
Josh Ye, “One Gamer Spent a Year Building This Cyberpunk City in Minecraft,” South
China Morning Post, January 15, 2019, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.scmp.
com/.
8
Josh Ye, “Minecraft Players Are Recreating China’s Rapidly Built Wuhan Hospitals,”
South China Morning Post, February 20, 2020, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.
scmp.com/.
9
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, June 13, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022,
https://twitter.com/timsweeneyepic/status/1404241848147775488.
10
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, June 13, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022,
https://twitter.com/TimSweeneyEpic/status/1404242449053241345?s=20 .
11
Dean Takahashi, “The DeanBeat: Epic Graphics Guru Tim Sweeney Foretells How
We Can Create the Open Metaverse,” Venture Beat, December 9, 2016, accessed
January 4, 2022, https://venturebeat.com/.
Глава 2. Замешательство и неопределенность
1
Satya Nadella, “Building the Platform for Platform Creators,” LinkedIn, May 25,
2021, accessed January 4, 2022 https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/building-platformcreators-satya-nadella.
2
Sam George, “Converging the Physical and Digital with Digital Twins, Mixed Reality,
and Metaverse Apps,” Microsoft Azure, May 26, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022,
https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/blog/converging-the-physical-and-digital-withdigital-twins-mixed-reality-and-metaverse-apps/.
3
Andy Chalk, “Microsoft Says It Has Metaverse Plans for Halo, Minecraft, and Other
Games,” PC Gamer, November 2, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.pcgamer.
com/microsoft-says-it-has-metaverse-plans-for-halo-minecraft-and-other-games/.
4
Gene Park, “Epic Games Believes the Internet Is Broken. This Is Their Blueprint
to Fix It,” Washington Post, September 28, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://
www.washingtonpost.com/video-games/2021/09/28/epic-fortnite-metaversefacebook/.
5
Alex Sherman, “Execs Seemed Confused About the Metaverse on Q3 Earnings
Calls,” CNBC, November 20, 2021, accessed January 5, 2021, https://www.cnbc.
com/2021/11/20/executives-wax-poetic-on-the-metaverse-during-q3-earnings-calls.
html.
6
CNBC, “Jim Cramer Explains the ‘Metaverse’ and What It Means for Facebook,”
July 29, 2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/video/2021/07/29/
jim-cramer-explains-the-metaverse-and-what-it-means-for-facebook.html.
7
Elizabeth Dwoskin, Cat Zakrzewski, and Nick Miroff, “How Facebook’s
‘Metaverse’ Became a Political Strategy in Washington,” Washington Post,
September 24, 2021, accessed January 3, 2022, https://www.washingtonpost.com/
technology/2021/09/24/facebook-washington-strategy-metaverse/.
8
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, August 6, 2020, accessed January 4,
2022, https://twitter.com/timsweeneyepic/status/1291509151567425536.
ПРМЕЧАНЯ
9
Alaina Lancaster, “Judge Gonzalez Rogers Is Concerned That Epic Is Asking to
Pay Apple Nothing,” The Law, May 24, 2021, accessed June 2, 2021, https://www.
law.com/therecorder/2021/05/24/judge-gonzalez-rogers-is-concerned-that-epic-is-
asking-to-pay-apple-nothing/?slreturn=20220006091008.
10
John Koetsier, “The 36 Most Interesting Findings in the Groundbreaking Epic
Vs Apple Ruling That Will Free The App Store,” Forbes, September 10, 2021,
accessed January 3, 2022, https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkoetsier/2021/09/10/
the-36-most-interesting-fi ndings-in-the-groundbreaking-epic-vs-apple-ruling-that-
will-free-the-app-store/?sh=56db5566fb3f.
11
Wikipedia, s.v. “Internet,” last edited October 13, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.org/
wiki/Internet.
12
Paul Krugman, “Why Most Economists’ Predictions Are Wrong,” Red Herring Online,
June 10, 1998, Internet Archive, https://web.archive.org/web/19980610100009/
http://www.redherring.com/mag/issue55/economics.html.
13
Wired Sta , “May 26, 1995: Gates, Microsoft Jump on ‘Internet Tidal Wave,’ ” Wired,
May 26, 2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.wired.com/2010/05/0526bill-
gates-internet-memo/.
14
CNBC, “Microsoft’s Ballmer Not Impressed with Apple iPhone,” January 17, 2007,
accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/id/16671712.
15
Drew Olano , “Mark Zuckerberg: Our Biggest Mistake Was Betting Too Much
On HTML5,” TechCrunch, September 11, 2022, accessed January 5, 2022, https://
techcrunch.com/2012/09/11/mark-zuckerberg-our-biggest-mistake-with-mobile-
was-betting-too-much-on-html5/.
16
M. Mitchell Waldrop, Complexity: The Emerging Science at the Edge of Order and Chaos
(New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992), 155.
Глава 3. Определение метавселенной (наконец-то)
1
2
3
4
5
Глава 4. Следу ющий интернет
1
МЕТАВСЕЛЕННАЯ
Dean Takahashi, “How Pixar Made Monsters University, Its Latest Technological
Marvel,” Venture Beat, April 24, 2013, accessed January 5, 2022, https://venturebeat.
com/2013/04/24/the-making-of-pixars-latest-technological-marvel-monsters-
university/.
Wikipedia, s.v. “Metaphysics,” last edited October 28, 2021, https://en.wikipedia.
org/wiki/Metaphysics.
Stephenson, Snow Crash, 27.
CCP Team, “Infi nite Space: An Argument for Single- Sharded Architecture in
MMOs,” Game Developer, August 9, 2010, accessed January 5, 2022, https://
www.gamedeveloper.com/design/infi nite-space-an-argument-for-single-sharded-
architecture-in-mmos.
“John Carmack Facebook Connect 2021 Keynote,” posted by Upload VR, October 28,
2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BnSUk0je6oo.
Josh Stark and Evan Van Ness, “The Year in Ethereum 2021,” Mirror, January 17,
2022, accessed February 2, 2022, https://stark.mirror.xyz/q3OnsK7mvfGtTQ72nfo
xLyEV5lfYOqUfJIoKBx7BG1I.
2
BBC, “Military Fears over PlayStation2,” April 17, 2000, accessed January 4, 2022,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacifi c/716237.stm.
3
“Secretary of Commerce Don Evans Applauds Senate Passage of Export Administration
Act as Modern- day Legislation for Modern-day Technology,” Bureau of Industry and
Security, US Department of Commerce, 6 September 2001, www.bis.doc.gov.
4
Chas Littell, “AFRL to Hold Ribbon Cutting for Condor Supercomputer,” WrightPatterson Air Force Base, press release, November 17, 2010, accessed January 5,
2022, https://www.wpafb.af.mil/News/Article-Display/Article/399987/afrl-to-holdribbon-cutting-for-condor-supercomputer/.
5
Lisa Zyga, “US Air Force Connects 1,760 PlayStation 3’s to Build Supercomputer,”
Phys.org, December 2, 2010, accessed January 5, 2022, https://phys.org/news/201012-air-playstation-3s-supercomputer.html.
6
Even Shapiro, “The Metaverse Is Coming. Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang on the Fusion
of Virtual and Physical Worlds,” Time, April 18, 2021, accessed January 2, 2022,
https://time.com/5955412/artifi cial-intelligence-nvidia-jensen-huang/.
7
David M. Ewalt, “Neal Stephenson Talks About Video Games, the Metaverse, and
His New Book, REAMDE,” Forbes, September 19, 2011.
8
Daniel Ek, “Daniel Ek— Enabling Creators Everywhere,” Colossus, September 14,
2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.joincolossus.com/episodes/14058936/
ek-enabling-creators-everywhere?tab=transcript.
9
David M. Ewalt, “Neal Stephenson Talks About Video Games, the Metaverse, and
His New Book, REAMDE,” Forbes, September 19, 2011.
Глава 5. Сети
1
Farhad Manjoo, “I Tried Microsoft’s Flight Simulator. The Earth Never Seemed So
Real,” New York Times, August 19, 2022, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.
nytimes.com/2020/08/19/opinion/microsoft-fl ight-simulator.html.
2
Seth Schiesel, “Why Microsoft’s New Flight Simulator Should Make Google and
Amazon Nervous,” Protocol, August 16, 2020, accessed January 5, 2022, https://
www.protocol.com/microsoft-fl ight-simulator-2020.
3
Eryk Banatt, Stefan Uddenberg, and Brian Scholl, “Input Latency Detection in
Expert-Level Gamers,” Yale University, April 21, 2017, accessed January 4, 2022,
https://cogsci.yale.edu/sites/default/fi les/fi les/Thesis2017Banatt.pdf.
4
Rob Pegoraro, “Elon Musk: ‘I Hope I’m Not Dead by the Time People Go to Mars,’ ”
Fast Company, March 10, 2020, accessed January 3, 2022, https://www.fastcompany.
com/90475309/elon-musk-i-hope-im-not-dead-by-the-time-people-go-to-mars.
Глава 6. Вычисления
1
Foundry Trends, “One Billion Assets: How Pixar’s Lightspeed Team Tackled Coco’s
Complexity,” October 25, 2018, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.foundry.
com/insights/fi lm-tv/pixar-tackled-coco-complexity.
2
Dean Takahashi, “Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang Weighs in on the Metaverse,
Blockchain, and Chip Shortage,” Venture Beat, June 12, 2021, accessed February 1,
2022, https://venturebeat.com/2021/06/12/nvidia-ceo-jensen-huang-weighs-in-onthe-metaverse-blockchain-chip-shortage-arm-deal-and-competition/.
ПРМЕЧАНЯ
3
Raja Koduri, “Powering the Metaverse,” Intel, December 14, 2021, accessed
January4, 2022, https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/newsroom/opinion/
powering-metaverse.html.
4
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, January 7, 2020, accessed January4,
2022, https://twitter.com/timsweeneyepic/status/1214643203871248385.
5
Peter Rubin, “It’s a Short Hop from Fortnite to a New AI Best Friend,” Wired, March21,
2019, accessed February 1, 2021, https://www.wired.com/story/epic-games-qa/.
Глава 7. Движки виртуального мира
1
“‘The Future— It’s Bigger and Weirder than You Think—’ by Owen Mahoney,
NEXON CEO,” posted by NEXON, December 20, 2019, accessed January 5, 2022,
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqiwZN1CShI.
2
Roblox, “A Year on Roblox: 2021 in Data,” January 26, 2022, accessed February 3,
2022, https://blog.roblox.com/2022/01/year-roblox-2021-data/.
Глава 8. нтероперабельность
1
2
3
4
5
6
Глава 9. Оборудование
1
2
3
МЕТАВСЕЛЕННАЯ
Josh Ye (@TheRealJoshYe), Twitter, May 3, 2021, accessed February 1, 2022, https://
mobile.twitter.com/therealjoshye/status/1389217569228296201.
Tom Phillips, “So, Will Sony Actually Allow PS4 and Xbox One Owners to Play
Together?,” Eurogamer, March 17, 2016, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.
eurogamer.net/articles/2016-03-17-sonys-shuhei-yoshida-on-playstation-4-and-
xbox-one-cross-network-play.
Jay Peters, “Fortnite’s Cash Cow Is PlayStation, Not iOS, Court Documents Reveal,”
The Verge, April 28, 2021, accessed February 1, 2022, https://www.theverge.
com/2021/4/28/22407939/fortnite-biggest-platform-revenue-playstation-not-ios-
iphone.
Aaron Rakers, Joe Quatrochi, Jake Wilhelm, and Michael Tsevtanov, “NVDA:
Omniverse Enterprise — Appreciating NVIDIA’s Platform Strategy to Capitalize
($10B+) on the ‘Metaverse,’” Wells Fargo, November 3, 2021.
Chris Michaud, “English the Preferred Language for World Business: Poll,” Reuters,
May 12, 2016, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-language/englishthe-preferred-
language-for-world-business-poll-idUSBRE84F0OK20120516.
Epic Games, “Tonic Games Group, Makers of ‘Fall Guys’, Joins Epic Games,”
March2, 2021, accessed February 2, 2022, https://www.epicgames.com/site/en-US/
news/tonic-games-group-makers-of-fall-guys-joins-epic-games.
Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook, April 29, 2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.
facebook.com/zuck/posts/the-hardest-technology-challenge-of-our-time-may-be-
fi tting-a-supercomputer-into/10112933648910701/.
Tech@Facebook, “Imagining a New Interface: Hands- Free Communication without
Saying a Word,” March 30, 2020, accessed January 4, 2022, https://tech.fb.com/
imagining-a-new-interface-hands-free-communication-without-saying-a-word/.
Tech@Facebook, “BCI Milestone: New Research from UCSF with Support from
Facebook Shows the Potential of Brain-Computer Interfaces for Restoring Speech
Communication,” July 14, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://tech.fb.com/
bci-milestone-new-research-from-ucsf-with-support-from-facebook-shows-thepotential-of-brain-computer-interfaces-for-restoring-speech-communication/.
4
Antonio Regalado, “Facebook Is Ditching Plans to Make an Interface that Reads the
Brain,” MIT Technology Review, July 14, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.
technologyreview.com/2021/07/14/1028447/facebook-brain-reading-interfacestops-funding/.
5
Andrew Nartker, “How We’re Testing Project Starline at Google,” Google Blog,
November 30, 2021, accessed February 2, 2022, https://blog.google/technology/
research/how-were-testing-project-starline-google/.
6
Will Marshall, “Indexing the Earth,” Colossus, November 15, 2021, accessed
January 5, 2022, https://www.joincolossus.com/episodes/14029498/marshallindexing-the-earth?tab=blocks.
7
Nick Wingfi eld, “Unity CEO Predicts AR-VR Headsets Will Be as Common as Game
Consoles by 2030,” The Information, June 21, 2021.
Глава 10. Платежные системы
1
NACHA, “ACH Network Volume Rises 11.2% in First Quarter as Two Records
Are Set,” press release, April 15, 2021, accessed January 26, 2022, https://www.
prnewswire.com/news-releases/ach-network-volume-rises-11-2-in-fi rst-quarter-astwo-records-are-set-301269456.html.
2
Takashi Mochizuki and Vlad Savov, “Epic’s Battle with Apple and Google Actually
Dates Back to Pac-Man,” Bloomberg, August 19, 2020, accessed January 4, 2021,
https://www.bloomberg.com/.
3
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, January 11, 2020, accessed January 4,
2022, https://twitter.com/TimSweeneyEpic/status/1216089159946948620.
4
Epic Games, “Epic Games Store Weekly Free Games in 2020!,” January 14, 2022,
accessed February 14, 2022, https://www.epicgames.com/store/en-US/news/epicgames-store-weekly-free-games-in-2020.
5
Epic Games, “Epic Games Store 2020 Year in Review,” January 28, 2021, accessed
February 14, 2022, https://www.epicgames.com/store/en-US/news/epic-gamesstore-2020-year-in-review.
6
Epic Games, “Epic Games Store 2021 Year in Review,” January 27, 2022, accessed
February 14, 2022, https://www.epicgames.com/store/en-US/news/epic-gamesstore-2021-year-in-review.
7
Tyler Wilde, “Epic Will Lose Over $300M on Epic Games Store Exclusives, Is Fine
With That,” PC Gamer, April 10, 2021, accessed February 14, 2022, https://www.
pcgamer.com/epic-games-store-exclusives-apple-lawsuit/.
8
Adi Robertson, “Tim Cook Faces Harsh Questions about the App Store from Judge
in Fortnite Trial,” The Verge, May 21, 2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.
theverge.com/2021/5/21/22448023/epic-apple-fortnite-antitrust-lawsuit-judge-timcook-app-store-questions.
9
Nick Wingfi eld, “IPhone Software Sales Take O : Apple’s Jobs,” Wall Street Journal,
August 11, 2008.
ПРМЕЧАНЯ
МЕТАВСЕЛЕННАЯ
10
John Gruber, “Google Announces Chrome for iPhone and iPad, Available Today,”
Daring Fireball, June 28, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://daringfi reball.net/
linked/2012/06/28/chrome-ios.
11
Kate Rooney, “Apple: Don’t Use Your iPhone to Mine Cryptocurrencies,” CNBC, June
11, 2018, accessed January 4, 2021, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/11/dont-even-
think-about-trying-to-bitcoin-with-your-iphone.html.
12
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, February 4, 2022, accessed February 5,
2022, https://twitter.com/TimSweeneyEpic/status/1489690359194173450.
13
Marco Arment (@MarcoArment), Twitter, February 4, 2022, accessed February 5,
2022, https://twitter.com/marcoarment/status/1489599440667168768.
14
Manoj Balasubramanian, “App Tracking Transparency Opt-In Rate — Monthly
Updates,” Flurry, December 15, 2021, accessed February 5, 2022, https://www.
fl urry.com/blog/att-opt-in-rate-monthly-updates/.
Глава 11. Блокчейны
1
Telegraph Reporters, “What Is Ethereum and How Does It Di er from Bitcoin?,”
The Telegraph, August 17, 2018.
2
Ben Gilbert, “Almost No One Knows about the Best Android Phones on the Planet,”
Insider, October 25, 2015, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.businessinsider.
com/why-google-makes-nexus-phones-2015-10.
3
Wikipedia, s.v. “Possession is Nine-Tenths of the Law,” last edited December 6, 2021,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possession_is_nine-tenths_of_the_law.
4
Hannah Murphy and Joshua Oliver, “How NFTs Became a $40bn Market in 2021,”
Financial Times, December 31, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022. Обратите внимание,
что эта сумма, $40,9млрд, ограничена блокчейном Эфириум, на который, по
оценкам, приходится 90% всех транзакций с NFT.
5
Kevin Roose, “Maybe There’s a Use for Crypto After All,” New York Times, February6,
2022, accessed February 7, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/06/
technology/helium-cryptocurrency-uses.html.
6
Kevin Roose, “Maybe There’s a Use for Crypto After All,” New York Times, February6,
2022, accessed February 7, 2022, https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/06/
technology/helium-cryptocurrency-uses.html.
7
Helium, accessed March 5, 2022, https://explorer.helium.com/hotspots.
8
CoinMarketCap, “Helium,” accessed February 7, 2022, https://coinmarketcap.com/
currencies/helium/.
9
Dean Takahashi, “The DeanBeat: Predictions for gaming in 2022,” Venture Beat,
December 31, 2021, accessed January 3, 2022, https://venturebeat.com/2021/12/31/
the-deanbeat-predictions-for-gaming-2022/.
10
Ephrat Livni, “Venture Capital Funding for Crypto Companies Is Surging,” New
York Times, December 1, 2021, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.nytimes.
com/2021/12/01/business/dealbook/crypto-venture-capital.html.
11
Olga Kharif, “Crypto Crowdfunding Goes Mainstream with ConstitutionDAO Bid,”
Bloomberg, November 20, 2021, accessed January 2, 2022, https://www.bloomberg.
com/news/articles/2021-11-20/crypto-crowdfunding-goes-mainstream-with-
constitutiondao-bid?sref=sWz3GEG0.
12
Miles Kruppa, “Crypto Assets Inspire New Brand of Collectivism Beyond Finance,”
Financial Times, December 27, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.ft.com/
content/c4b6d38d-e6c8-491f-b70c-7b5cf8f0cea6.
13
Lizzy Gurdus, “Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang: Cryptocurrency Is Here to Stay, Will
Be an ‘Important Driver’ For Our Business,” CNBC, March 29, 2018, accessed
February 2, 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/29/nvidia-ceo-jensen-huangcryptocurrency-blockchain-are-here-to-stay.html.
14
Visa, “Crypto: Money Is Evolving,” accessed February 2, 2022, https://usa.visa.com/
solutions/crypto.html.
15
Dean Takahashi, “Game Boss Interview: Epic’s Tim Sweeney on Blockchain, Digital
Humans, and Fortnite,” Venture Beat, August 30, 2017, accessed February 2, 2022,
https://venturebeat.com/2017/08/30/game-boss-interview-epics-tim-sweeney-onblockchain-digital-humans-and-fortnite/.
16
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, January 30, 2021, accessed January 4,
2022, https://twitter.com/TimSweeneyEpic/status/1355573241964802050.
17
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, September 27, 2021, accessed January4,
2022, https://twitter.com/TimSweeneyEpic/status/1442519522875949061.
18
Tim Sweeney (@TimSweeneyEpic), Twitter, October 15, 2021, accessed January 4,
2022, https://twitter.com/TimSweeneyEpic/status/1449146317129895938.
Глава 12. Когда придет время метавселенной?
1
Tom Huddleston Jr., “Bill Gates Says the Metaverse Will Host Most of Your O ce
Meetings Within ‘Two or Three Years’—Here’s What It Will Look Like,” CNBC,
December 9, 2021, accessed February 2, 2022, https://www.cnbc.com/2021/12/09/
bill-gates-metaverse-will-host-most-virtual-meetings-in-a-few-years.html.
2
“The Metaverse and How We’ll Build It Together—Connect 2021,” posted by
Meta, October 28, 2021, accessed February 2, 2022, https://www.youtube.com/
watch?v=Uvufun6xer8.
3
Steven Ma, “Video Games’ Future Is More Than the Metaverse: Let’s Talk ‘Hyper
Digital Reality’,” GamesIndustry, February 8, 2022, accessed February 11, 2022,
https://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2022-02-07-the-future-of-games-is-farmore-than-the-metaverse-lets-talk-hyper-digital-reality.
4
George Smiley, “The U.S. Economy in the 1920s,” Economic History Association,
accessed January 5, 2022, https://eh.net/encyclopedia/the-u-s-economy-inthe-1920s/.
5
Tim Hartford, “Why Didn’t Electricity Immediately Change Manufacturing?,”
August 21, 2017, accessed January 5, 2022, https://www.bbc.com/news/
business-40673694.
6
David E. Nye, America’s Assembly Line (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2015), 19.
Глава 13. Бизнес в эпоху метавселенной
1
Wikipedia, s.v. “Baumol’s cost disease,” last edited October 2, 2022, https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baumol%27s_cost_disease.
2
US Bureau of Labor Statistics, accessed December 2021.
ПРМЕЧАНЯ
3
Melissa Pankida, “The Psychology Behind Why We Speed Swipe on Dating
Apps,” Mic, September 27, 2019, accessed January 2, 2022, https://www.mic.
com/life/we-speed-swipe-on-tinder-for-different-reasons-depending-on-our-
gender-18808262.
4
Benedict Evans, “Cars, Newspapers and Permissionless Innovation,”
September 6, 2015, accessed January 2, 2022, https://www.ben-evans.com/
benedictevans/2015/9/1/permissionless-innovation.
5
Gene Park, “Epic Games Believes the Internet Is Broken. This Is Their Blueprint to
Fix It,” Washington Post, September 28, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://
www.washingtonpost.com/video-games/2021/09/28/epic-fortnite-metaverse-
facebook/.
6
Bob Woods, “The First Metaverse Experiments? Look to What’s Already Happening
in Medicine,” CNBC, December 4, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.
cnbc.com/2021/12/04/the-fi rst-metaverse-experiments-look-to-whats-happening-
in-medicine.html.
Глава 14. Кто проиграет, а кто выиграет в метавселенной
1
Microsoft, “Microsoft to Acquire Activision Blizzard to Bring the Joy and Community
of Gaming to Everyone, Across Every Device,” January 18, 2022, accessed February
2, 2022, https://news.microsoft.com/2022/01/18/microsoft-to-acquire-activision-
blizzard-to-bring-the-joy-and-community-of-gaming-to-everyone-across-every-
device/.
2
Adi Robertson, “Tim Cook Faces Harsh Questions about the App Store from Judge
in Fortnite Trial,” The Verge, May 21, 2021, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.
theverge.com/2021/5/21/22448023/epic-apple-fortnite-antitrust-lawsuit-judge-tim-
cook-app-store-questions.
3
Brad Smith, “Adapting Ahead of Regulation: A Principled Approach to App Stores,”
Microsoft, February 9, 2022, accessed February 11, 2022, https://blogs.microsoft.
com/on-the-issues/2022/02/09/open-app-store-principles-activision-blizzard/.
4
Brad Smith (@BradSmi), Twitter, February 3, 2022, accessed February 4, 2022,
https://twitter.com/BradSmi/status/1489395484808466438.
Глава 15. Бытие в метавселенной
1
Заключение. Все мы лишь зрители
1
2
МЕТАВСЕЛЕННАЯ
Sean Hollister, “Here’s What Apple’s New Rules about Cloud Gaming Actually
Mean,” The Verge, September 18, 2020, accessed January 4, 2022, https://www.
theverge.com/2020/9/18/20912689/apple-cloud-gaming-streaming-xcloud-stadia-
app-store-guidelines-rules.
Cli ord Stoll, “Why the Web Won’t Be Nirvana,” Newsweek, February 26, 1995,
accessed January 6, 2022, https://www.newsweek.com/cli ord-stoll-why-web-wont-
be-nirvana-185306.
James Chapman, “Internet ‘May Just Be a Passing Fad as Millions Give Up on It’”,
Daily Mail, December 5, 2000.
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