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Файл:Английский язык для обучающихся по специальности «Таможенное дело». В 3 частях. Ч.1. Учебное пособие
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211
The Ulster Farmers' Union said that in order to protect the food
industry in Northern Ireland the plan should be changed.
The union's president, Ivor Ferguson, said the current plan would
mean a "catastrophic" outcome for farming and food production
in Northern Ireland.
"Steep export tariffs, additional checks and regulations, com-
bined with a proposed zero tariff on agricultural goods from Ireland
to NI, will result in significant disruption and pose a logistical night-
mare for farm businesses."
Does the plan comply with World Trade Organisation rules?
The most important WTO principle is that members do not dis-
criminate. So, if zero tariffs are applied to one member, they should be
applied to all other members.
At a glance, the UK government's plan for cross border trade
with Ireland would appear to conflict with that.
The government is confident that the arrangement will not break
WTO rules and that various exemptions to the non-discrimination
principle could apply.
However, some trade experts have expressed scepticism that the
plan is compliant.
(www.bbc.com)
212
Article 10
US-China trade war: Shoe giants urge Trump to end tariffs
22 May 2019
Some of the world's biggest footwear firms are urging Donald Trump to end the US trade war with China, warning of a "catastrophic" effect on consumers.
A letter signed by 173 companies, including Nike and Adidas,
says the president's decision to raise import tariffs will affect the working class.
They also warn that higher levies threaten the future of some
businesses.
Mr Trump says that the trade deficit with China hurts the US
economy.
The US president increased levies on $200bn (£157.3bn) worth
of Chinese imports into the US from 10% to 25% more than a week
ago after Washington and Beijing failed to reach a deal on trade.
China retaliated by announcing plans to raise levies on $60bn
of US imports from 1 June.
The footwear companies that signed the letter, including Clarks,
Dr Martens and Converse, say that while the average US tariff
on footwear is 11.3%, in some cases it can reach as high as 67.5%.
"Adding a 25% tax increase on top of these tariffs would mean
some working American families could pay a nearly 100% duty
on their shoes," the companies wrote.
"This is unfathomable."
"It is time to bring this trade war to an end," the firms urged.
When he raised tariffs earlier this month, Mr Trump told companies that they could reduce costs by shifting production to the US.
(https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1128246369674829832)
213
However, the shoemakers and retailers say that while they have
been moving their sourcing away from China: "Footwear is a very capital-intensive industry, with years of planning required to make sourcing decisions, and companies cannot simply move factories to adjust to
these changes".
Retaliation fears
On Tuesday, a top business lobby in China released a survey
of its members that found just over 40% had relocated, or were considering moving production facilities, outside of China because of tariffs.
The survey by the American Chambers of Commerce in China
and Shanghai found one-third of respondents had delayed or cancelled
investment decisions to cope with tariffs.
A recent escalation in the trade conflict ‒ including tighter restrictions on Chinese telecoms giant Huawei ‒ was creating fresh concerns for businesses in China, the group said.
Last week, the Trump administration added Huawei to its "entity
list", which bans the company from acquiring technology from US
firms without government approval.
Speaking to the BBC, the chairman of the American Chamber
of Commerce (AmCham) in China, Tim Stratford, said its members
had "real concerns" about the fallout from the US action against
Huawei.
A survey by AmCham found that slightly more than 40% of its
members had relocated, or were considering moving, outside of China
because of tariffs.
The group represents more than 900 US companies working
in China.
Plane manufacturer Boeing, pharmaceuticals firm Pfizer and soft
drink giant Coca-Cola are among the US companies AmCham represents in China.
How did we get here?
214
China and the US have been engaged in a fractious dispute over
trade since the early days of Mr Trump's presidency.
While campaigning for the presidential election in 2016,
Mr Trump repeatedly accused China of unfair trading practices and
intellectual property theft.
He threatened to apply tariffs, saying China's entry into the
World Trade Organization had paved the way for the "greatest jobs
theft in history".
He also wants to cut America's trade deficit with China, which
he says is hurting US manufacturing.
Despite several rounds of talks, the world's two largest economies have failed to reach an agreement to end the trade war.
What's next?
Still, Beijing signalled some willingness to work with Washington to solve their trade dispute.
No discussions have been scheduled since the last round of talks
ended on 10 May.
"China remains ready to continue our talks with our American
colleagues to reach a conclusion. Our door is still open," China's ambassador to the US Cui Tiankai said on Fox News.
The leaders of the US and China are also set to meet again at the
G20 summit in Japan next month.
(www.bbc.com)
Article 11
Afghanistan scraps customs tariffs
Afghanistan is to stop collecting customs tariffs on exports
in order to boost trade and help rebuild its shattered economy, the
country's finance minister has said.
215
He made the pledge a week ahead of a 60-nation meeting
in Washington to co-ordinate aid for Afghanistan and discuss the best
use of about $4.5bn of promised donations.
"We reached a conclusion that all goods should for now be ex-
empted from tax and this will go on until trade is boosted and our main
aim is to find jobs and food for people," said Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai.
Afghan's main exports are its famous handwoven carpets, fruit,
sheepskins and gems, including emeralds and lapis lazuli, a semi-
precious blue stone.
'Poor and miserable'
The country is desperately poor after two decades of foreign in-
vasion and civil war, exacerbated by drought and earthquakes, and
lacks the most basic infrastructure.
It has been described by the World Bank as "the poorest, most
miserable state in the world".
Since the US-led battle to dislodge the Taliban government and
its al-Qaeda allies in 2001, Afghanistan has been occupied by an inter-
national force of about 13,000 troops.
MrAhmadzai reportedly said the Afghan government has held
talks with the United States, European nations and the Arab Gulf states
to find ways of increasing Afghanistan's exports.
At present, most exports travel to neighbouring to Pakistan and
to Iran.
The World Bank has identified road building as a priority. The
US, Japan and Saudi Arabia have promised to build highways linking
the three cities of Kabul, Kandahar and Herat.
(www.bbc.com)
216
Appendix 2
CONVERSATIONAL FORMULAS
USEFUL PHRASES FOR DISCUSSION
I. INTRODUCING A POINT
To start/to begin with … Начать с того / прежде всего …
First of all I’d like to point out … Прежде всего, мне хотелось бы
указать …
The main problem/issue is … Основная проблема заключает-
ся в том, что …
I want to draw attention to … Я хочу обратить ваше внимание
на …
Let’s get this clear first … Давайте сначала выясним …
I would also like to clarify one… Я бы также хотел пояснить, что
Speaking of …/Considering… Говоря о … / Рассматривая
What we have to discuss is … То, что мы хотим обсудить ‒
это …
2. EXPRESSING A PERSONAL OPINION
The way things are … Судя по тому, как обстоят
дела …
Under the circumstances … При данных обстоятельствах …
Apparently / obviously /
evidently …
Очевидно …
To tell the truth … Говоря по правде…
In my opinion … По моему мнению …
It seems to me that … Мне кажется, что …
In my view … С моей точки зрения …
I have the feeling that … У меня такое чувство, что …
217
I feel/believe that … Я считаю, полагаю, что …
I rather think that … Я вообще-то думаю, что …
I’m absolutely convinced that … Я абсолютно убежден, что …
If you ask me, I think … Если вы спрашиваете меня,
то я думаю …
You can take it from me that … Можешь мне поверить, что …
Let me tell you … Позвольте мне сказать вам,
что …
I mean/meant to say … Я имею / имел в виду …
I am afraid, I don’t quite follow
you …
Я боюсь, что не совсем вас по-
нимаю …
On the surface of it … На первый взгляд …
You have got it all wrong … Вы совершенно неправильно это
поняли.
Generally speaking … Вообще говоря, …
In fact …/ Actually … Фактически …
3. STARTING SOMETHING AS A FACT
Nobody will deny that … /
it goes without saying that
Никто не будет отрицать,
что …
It is common knowledge that … Общеизвестно, что …
We must face/acknowledge the
fact that …
Мы должны признать тот факт,
что …
Everyone knows that … Каждый знает, что …
It is a fact that … Это факт, что …
It is accepted/supposed that … Принято/предполагается, что …
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4. EXPRESSING DOUBT
I wouldn’t be so sure about that,
if I were you.
На твоем месте я бы не был
так уверен
How are we to know that / if … Откуда нам знать, что …
I wonder if you realize … Интересно, сознаете ли вы …
I doubt that very much. Я очень сомневаюсь в этом.
I’m not (quite) sure if … Я не (вполне) уверен, что …
Do you really believe/think that … Неужели вы правда полагаете
(думаете), что …?
5. EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT
You are not serious, are you? Ты ведь это не всерьез, правда?
May I remind you that …? Позвольте напомнить вам, что …
I don’t want to argue with you,
but …
Мне не хочется спорить с вами,
но …
There is a grain of truth in what
you say, but …
В том, что вы говорите, есть доля
правды, но …
I am afraid, I don’t quite agree
with you there.
Боюсь, я не совсем согласен
с этим.
I can’t accept your view that … Я не могу принять вашу точку
зрения, что …
I don’t see eye to eye with you
on that point …
Я не разделяю вашу точку
зрения …
You ca not be serious insisting
that …
Вы же не можете всерьез настаи-
вать, что…
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6. EXPRESSING THE PRO AND CONS
On the one hand …, on the other
hand …
С одной стороны ..., а с другой
стороны …
An argument for / in favour
of ___________ is …
Аргументом в пользу _________
является …..
An argument against _________
is …
Аргументом против __________
является …
Some people think that …, while
others say that …
Одни думают, что …, а другие
говорят, что …
Let’s consider all pros and
cons …
Давайте рассмотрим все за
и против
7. EXPRESSING SUPPORT
Hear, hear. Да, так.
You took the words right out
of my mouth.
Ты схватываешь все на лету.
I see eye to eye with you on that
point …
Я разделяю вашу точку зрения.
You are quite/ absolutely right. Вы абсолютно правы.
I share your point of view
and can add that …
Я разделяю Вашу точку зрения
и могу добавить, что….
That’s a very important point. Это очень важный момент.
You have got a very important
point here.
Вы на правильном пути.
8. GIVING REASON
Let me explain … Позвольте объяснить, что…
Since … Так как / поскольку …
220
I base my argument on … Я основываюсь на …
I’m telling you all this because … Я говорю вам все это потому,
что …
The reason/explanation
for this is …
Причина этого / Объяснение
этому …
This is due to … Это из-за …
On account of … Вследствие …
9. KEEPING TO THE POINT
Don’t beat/ Will you stop
beating about the bush.
Не ходите вокруг да около.
That’s (quite) irrelevant. Это (почти) не относится к делу.
I am afraid my opponent is not
very well informed …
Боюсь, мой оппонент не достаточно проинформирован …
It would be more to the point,
if …
Было бы более убедительно,
если …
What we are discussing here is … То, о чем мы говорим здесь, …
… has nothing to do with … … не имеет ничего общего с …
Come to the point. Говорите по существу.
I am afraid I must stick to the
point because …
Боюсь, мне придется настоять
на своей точке зрения, так как …
10. GIVING A SUMMARY
Summing up / To sum up /
Finally …
Подводя итог …
In conclusion … В заключение …
To put it in a nutshell … Говоря кратко /
в двух словах …
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