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Файл:Let’s learn English. Методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов неязыковых направлений педагогических вузов
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8. Can you name any Moscow theatres?
9. What are Moscow’s most famous museums?
10. Where is Moscow University situated?
11. How many people are now living in Moscow?
12. What is its of cial symbol?
13. Have you ever been to Moscow? What is your favourite place
there?
XI. Speak about Moscow according to the following plan (See Ap-
pendix 1):
1. Historical outline of Moscow.
2. Moscow – the capital of Russia, its largest cultural, political and
administrative centre.
3. Sights of Moscow.
XII. Prepare a computer presentation (a report, a booklet) about one
of the sights of Moscow (See Appendix 2). Use pictures or photos. Don’t
forget about the task (a crossword, a puzzle, a quiz test, etc.) after you
present your story.
XIII. Read the dialogues in parts and make up your own one according to it as a model:
I. Getting about a town
– Is it possible to see anything of Moscow in one or two days?
– Well, yes, but of course not half enough.
– What do you think I ought to see rst?
– Well, if you are interested in historical places you should go to Red
Square and see the Kremlin. Do you like art galleries?
– Rather.
– Then why not go to the Tretyakov Gallery and the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts?
– I think I will. And what about theatres?
– If you are staying in Moscow for a few days, you’ll have no dif culties whatever in nding somewhere to spend an enjoyable evening.
You’ll nd opera, ballet, comedy, drama, operetta, circus and so on.
– Oh, that’s ne. I’m told one ought to see the Exhibition of Economic Achievements. Do you think I shall have time for that?
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– Well, you might, but if I were you, I should leave it for some other
day. You could spend a whole day there. It is much too big to be seen
in an hour or so.
– I suppose it is. What about taking a trip on the Moskva River?
– That’s not a bad idea. What could be better than a couple of hours
on board of a motor launch?
– I think I’ll go for a short trip to have a view of Moscow.
II. Asking the way
– Excuse me, can you tell me the way to Red Square?
– Certainly! Go down Gorky Street, turn to the right and in less than
ve minutes you’ll be in Red Square.
– Thank you very much. How far is it from here?
– If you walk, it’ll take you ten minutes or a quarter of an hour.
– Is there a bus or a trolley-bus?
– There’s sure to be. But you’d better ask the policeman over there.
He’ll give you all the information you want.
– Thank you. Excuse me, is there a bus or a trolley-bus from here to
Red Square?
– Yes, any bus will take you. There’s a bus-stop just over there.
III. Sightseeing in Moscow
Mr. Brown: Well, the business part of my visit is over – and I have
a whole day before I leave for London. Do you think I could see any
places of interest in Moscow?
Ivanov: Of course, but not very much. One day for sightseeing in
Moscow is not enough.
Mr. Brown: What do you think I ought to see?
Ivanov: It depends on you. If you are interested in the history of the
city, you should begin sightseeing from Red Square, which is the heart
of Moscow. It is the oldest and the most beautiful square of Moscow.
Mr. Brown: Sure, it is really very impressive. And what is that cathedral close to the Kremlin in Red Square?
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Ivanov: Oh, that’s St. Basil’s Cathedral, a unique monument of old
Russian architecture.
Mr. Brown: I should see the Kremlin I think.
Ivanov: Certainly. Within the walls of the Kremlin you can see won-
derful monuments of Russian architecture: Uspensky Cathedral, Blagoveshchensky Cathedral, which was decorated by Andrey Rublyov
and his followers …
Mr. Brown: Well, thank you for your interesting information. That’s
exactly what I wanted to know. I’ll try to visit the Kremlin.
XIV. Develop these dialogues using the topical vocabulary and con-
versational phrases:
1. Er… I wonder if you could tell me the nearest way to Tverskaya
Street. – I’m terribly sorry. I really don’t know. I’m a stranger here myself. You’d better ask the policeman over here.
2. Er… Could you help me, I’m not quite sure where the nearest
metro station is? – Well, let me see. It’s round the corner.
3. Er… Excuse me, could you tell me if this is the right way to
Petrovka Street? – Oh, no, you are quite wrong. You’d better go back
and then ask again.
4. Er… Will you please tell me how far the nearest metro station is?
– If you walk, it’ll take you about twenty minutes to get there. You’d
better take a bus.
5. Do you happen to know the way to the Tretjakov Gallery? – Well,
let me see … Go straight on and then take the second turning to the left
(right).
6. Excuse me, is there a bus from here to Red Square? – I’m terribly
sorry, I’ve no idea, I’m afraid.
XV. Pretend you are an English news writer. Write an article about
the most interesting or beautiful place you’ve visited or would like to
visit in Moscow (See Appendix 1).
XVI. You’re accompanying a group of foreign visitors on a guided
tour of Solikamsk (See Appendix 1). In your talk about the sights concentrate on the following questions:
1. Which sights and tourist attractions would you show them?
2. Which less known architectural monuments (historical buildings)
and parks would you include in your tour?
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3. Which old traditions and modern developments would you mention?
XVII. How well do you know Solikamsk? Show the group a postcard,
describe the place depicted in it and tell how to get there from our Institute (See Appendix 1).
MY FIRST WINTER EXAMINATION SESSION AND
WINTER HOLIDAYS
Make up a dialogue (in pairs) about your rst winter examination
session and winter holidays according to the following plan (don’t forget about an introduction and a conclusion) (See Appendix 1):
I. My rst winter examination session:
1. How long did your rst examination session last?
2. What credit-tests and exams according to your curriculum did you
take?
3. What subjects do you like? What is the most dif cult?
4. How would you prefer preparing for taking exams?
5. Have you passed them successfully?
6. Have you got any debts?
II. Winter vacation:
1. How long did your winter holidays last?
2. What did you do during your rst winter holidays?
GREAT BRITAIN
The poem “The English”
They dress in what they like;
They are interested in sport;
They partake in all activities
If they think they ought.
They all succeed in doing
Their work in ve short days,
Which leaves them the two longest ones
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To spend in different ways.
Then some indulge in gardening,
Or walking in the rain.
And some delight in cricket,
Or in riding in the plain.
In spite of what’s around him
The average Englishman
Does crosswords in the newspaper
In pencil – if he can.
Involved in any accident
The English take a pride
In being unemotional:
They take things in their stride.
In any circumstances –
Whatever they may be –
The English solve their problems
With an English cup of tea.
Great Britain, formally known as the United Kingdom of Great
Britain and Northern Ireland, has an area of some 244,027 square kilometres and is divided into 49 administrative counties. It consists of
England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Ranking about seven-
ty- fth in size among the countries of the world it has less than 2 per
cent of the world’s land area. Great Britain, the largest island in the
north-west of Europe, is separated from Ireland by the Irish Sea, and
from the Continent by the English Channel and the Strait of Dover.
The surface of England and Ireland is rather at while the highland
area comprises Scotland and most of Wales. The highest mountain in the
United Kingdom is Ben Nevis in Scotland (1343 m). The rivers are not
very long but they are deep. The chief rivers are the Severn (220 miles)
and the Thames (215 miles). The Thames ows through London, and
makes it a large sea port, though London is 84 kms away from the sea.
Britain has a temperate and equable climate, which is largely de-
termined by the eastern Atlantic Ocean. Winters are not so severe as
they can be on the Continent but summers are not so warm as they
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generally are on the other side of the Channel. The average London
temperature is 40C in January and 180C in July.
The British climate is a rather rainy one. Most of the rain falls in
late autumn and in winter. But in the whole of Britain rain and sunshine
follow each other in quick succession. The variability of weather is
due to winds blowing from the Atlantic Ocean. The thick fog in autumn
or winter is the most typical feature of the climate in England. Real
London fog is a mixture of dense fog and smoke of the factories and
homes. Englishmen call it smog.
Great Britain is a highly developed industrial country. Most of
Great Britain’s industries are concerned with the production of iron and
steel goods, motor vehicles, textiles and chemicals all of which play an
important part in the world trade. One of the principal industries of
Great Britain is shipbuilding. For centuries Britain has been the leading shipbuilder in the world. The great disadvantage of Great Britain is
that it possesses very few of the raw materials necessary for its industry.
Most of them must be imported. One of the features of Great Britain’s
foreign trade is the predominance of imports over exports.
The population of the UK is nearly 65 million people. England is
more peopled than the other parts of the British Isles. London is the
capital of Great Britain.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Queen Elizabeth II is
the head of the state. In practice she reigns but does not rule. The country is governed in her name by the Government, a body of ministers
who are the leading members of the political party which has taken
of ce. Parliament is the supreme legislative body.
At present there are four main political parties in Great Britain:
Conservative, Liberal, Labour and Communist. Conservative or Tory
is the party supported by most of the monopolists and landowners. The
supporters of the Liberal party are predominantly small traders and
middle class people. The Labour party calls for the support of the workers as the principal opposition to the Conservative party, but it is really
no less than the Tory a servant of capitalism. It professes socialist aims
in principle, but its practical programme is the programme of capitalist
reorganization.
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The Communist party, since its foundation in 1920, has been the
militant vanguard in working class struggle. It was the rst political
party based on Socialism directly voicing the real interests of the working class and the true interests of the vast majority of the nation. In
1981 there was a split in the ranks of the Labour party over some issues
of Britain’s home and foreign policy. As a result a new party called
Social Democratic Party emerged.
I. Translate into English the following words and word combinations and make up 5 English sentences with them:
Средний, охватывать, площадь, поверхность, размер, главный,
благодаря, океан, определять, типичная черта, остров, умеренный,
состоять из, полезные ископаемые, законодательный, производство, подавляющее большинство, недостаток, население, нация,
официально известный, высокогорье, изменчивость погоды, в результате, играть важную роль, главные отрасли промышленности,
ведущий судостроитель, преобладание импорта над экспортом, собрание министров, управлять страной.
II. Read and translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. Next to coal and iron, the chief minerals found on the British Isles
are the building stone, marble, granite, copper, zinc, lead and salt.
2. Of course it was a matter of great advantage for the British industry at the beginning of its development that rich deposits of coal lay
near those of iron ore.
3. From the very rst days of the Great Patriotic War, a vast effort
was undertaken to collect money for the nation’s defence fund.
4. Warm winds blowing from the Atlantic Ocean largely determine
the British climate.
5. The main part of the United States is divided into four regions:
two elevated and two lowland.
6. Many lakes are scattered over the surface in Ireland while the
coastline, especially in the west, is deeply indented.
7. Scotland is separated from the Northern Ireland by the Northern
Channel.
8. Forests and great grasslands are the typical features of the New
Zealand landscape.
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9. The sea explorers from the Old World called Australia “an island
the size of Europe, which knows every type of climate and almost every
kind of foliage”.
Due to socially useful labour children develop their initiative, respect
for the labour of others and a sense of discipline and reorganization.
III. Find the synonyms in parts A and B:
a) area, at, chief, largely, generally, temperate, average, due to,
principle, to support, struggle, feature, severe;
b) medium, to back up, even, harsh, moderate, ght, thanks to, main,
leading, territory, commonly, trait, greatly.
IV. Arrange a) and b) in pairs of antonyms:
a) highland, deep, large, warm, disadvantage, equable, rainy, dense,
long;
b) cold, sunny, thin, shallow, changeable, short, small, lowland, ad-
vantage.
V. Choose the right word:
1. … of Great Britain varies very much.
2. For centuries Great Britain has been famous for its cattle and
sheep and still remains a leading country in wool … .
3. The British climate is temperate and equable … the in uence of
the Atlantic Ocean.
4. The … … of the Irish weather is its changeability.
5. Scotland is … into three main regions: the Border, the Lowlands
and the Highlands.
6. The greater part of Britain’s population is … .
7. The … crops in Great Britain are wheat, barley, rye, corn, oats,
potatoes, vegetables and fruits.
8. The USA … of 51 states joined in a federal republic.
9. Alaska is … from the Russian Siberia by only 50 miles of the
Bering Strait.
10. The … temperature for January in the north of the USA is about
200C.
11. In spite of its small … Australia is one of the leading agricultural
countries in the world.
12. New Zealand … three islands.
13. London is a great city with a … of 8.615 million people.
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typical feature, to divide, to consist, chief, production, urban, aver-
age, population, area, the surface, to separate, to comprise, due to
VI. Translate into English:
1. Поверхность США разнообразна: от Аппалачей на востоке
до равнин на юго-востоке.
3. Умеренный климат Великобритании определяется влиянием
Атлантического океана.
4. Благодаря влиянию Великой Октябрьской революции многие
народы мира начали борьбу за независимость.
5. Этот словарь включает 100000 слов.
6. Эти две деревни разделены рекой.
7. Новая Зеландия испытывает недостаток таких полезных ископаемых, как железо, алюминий, необходимых для развития промышленности.
8. Частые дожди и туманы характерны для погоды на Британских островах.
9. Последняя книга этого писателя состоит из рассказов о жизни молодежи.
10. Половина всего населения Уэльса живет на юге, где добывается уголь.
11. Англичане и валлийцы (жители Уэльса) представляют собой две различные нации.
12. Россия простирается от Балтийского моря до Тихого океана.
13. Умеренный климат и плодородная земля позволяют России
выращивать хорошие урожаи пшеницы, сахарной свеклы, кукурузы и т.д.
14. Рельеф Великобритании разнообразен: равнины Англии и
Ирландии сменяются возвышенностями и горами Шотландии и
Уэльса.
VII. Combine words into sentences and translate them into Russian:
1. the, Welsh, nation, singers, are, the, of.
2. an, pupil, can, this, average, solve, problem, simple.
3. comprises, the, of, American, half, Canada, northern, Continent.
4. the, and, democracy, typical, is, consistent, feature, Constitution,
of, Russian, a.
5. consists, lowland, of, Ireland, mostly, a, vast, central.
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6. are, Wales, towns, Cardiff, and, chief, of, Swansea, the.
7. divided, Canada, into, is, provinces, self-governing, ten.
8. great, is, of, the, Great Britain, disadvantage, lack, materials, raw,
of the.
9. power, of, is, Russia, in, highest, Supreme, the, of, legislative,
country, the, our.
10. determine, interests, education, children’s, and, upbringing.
VIII. Fill in the blanks with prepositions and adverbs:
Scotland is divided … three regions: the Highlands and Islands,
which is the most northern and the most underpopulated area … a beautiful landscape and a harsh climate, the Central Lowlands, which is the
most industrial region, and the Southern Uplands which is mainly a
farming area, … the border … England.
The population … Scotland is about ve and a half million but most
… it is concentrated … the Central Lowlands. All the towns … considerable size are situated … it. The largest … then are Glasgow and
Edinburgh. Glasgow, … fact, is Scotland’s biggest city and the centre
… shipbuilding, but it is not the capital. This is one … the reasons
why there is so much rivalry between Glasgow and Edinburgh, only an
hour’s train journey … the east.
The Lowlands are the cradle … the Scottish nation. It was the people
… the Lowlands … their great leaders, who … the 13th and 14th centuries won the struggle … Scotland’s independence … the attempts …
England’s Kings to make Scotland a province … England. The Highlands are among the oldest mountains … the world. They reach their
highest point … Ben Nevis. Many … the deep valleys between the hills
are lled … lakes.
IX. Complete the following sentences:
1. Great Britain has an area … .
2. It consists of … .
3. Great Britain is separated … .
4. The surface … .
5. Britain has a temperate … .
6. The variability of weather … .
7. Most of Great Britain’s industries are … .
8. The great disadvantage of Great Britain … .
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