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Файл:Let’s learn English. Методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов неязыковых направлений педагогических вузов
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2. The delightful experience of the rst day at school (a child and a
mother).
3. The difference between the secondary schools in Russia and high
schools in the USA.
4. Your hobby. “Every man has his hobby horse,” says an English
proverb.
5. School of tomorrow.
6. Your own experience of extra-curricular activities.
XIII. Have you ever attended any pre-school establishment? Share
with your groupmates your impressions about the kindergarten you
have visited. You can illustrate your talk with some pictures (See Appendix 1).
XIV. Write a personal letter about your rst day in the rst grade and
your rst teacher or an ideal school for your child(ren) (See Appendix 2).
MY SUMMER VACATION
I. Read the following dialogue in parts and dramatize it:
– It’s nice to see you, Mary. How are you?
– Good evening, Alex. Hope you are well. Haven’t seen you for
ages. Where have you been all this time?
– I have just arrived from Brighton. I was spending my summer
holidays at the sea-side. Have you ever been there?
– Yes, I have been there several times. It’s a nice place, isn’t it? I
hope you have enjoyed yourself greatly.
– Oh, yes. I have had a very nice time.
– Did you go there alone?
– No, together with John, an old friend of mine. You remember him,
don’t you?
– Sure. Has he graduated from college?
– No, not yet. He is in his last year. What about you? I haven’t heard
from you lately. How are you getting on?
– Thank you, quite all right. Come and see me some day, will you?
– I’ll be delighted. So long.
– See you soon. Bye!
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II. Translate into English:
Здравствуйте, Саша, как поживаете?, надеюсь, что вы здоровы,
рад вас видеть, как вы себя чувствуете?, спасибо, прекрасно, не
видел вас целую вечность, где вы были все это время, на море, я
только что приехал из Брайтона, несколько раз, я очень хорошо
провел время, вместе с Джоном, мой старый друг, вы помните его,
не правда ли?, он учится на последнем курсе, а как вы?, он уже
окончил вуз, за последнее время я не получал от тебя никаких известий, заходите ко мне, пока (до встречи), до свидания.
III. Paraphrase the words and word combinations in bold type. Use
the phrases from a dialogue:
1. I am glad to see you.
2. I haven’t seen you for a long time.
3. I have just come from London.
4. I was taking a rest on the sea-shore.
5. He has had a very good time.
6. It is the last year that my son goes to school.
7. We have not received any letters from you of late.
8. How are things with you?
9. Call on me, some day.
10. You remember your school-teacher, don’t you? – Of course, I do.
IV. Make up 5 own English sentences with the following words and
expressions:
To go to the South, to spend summer holidays, at the Black Sea
shore, to do a lot of swimming (sunbathing), to lie in the sun, to boat
on the sea, to go into the Caucasus mountains, to play various sports
games, to go on excursions, to enjoy the nature of the south, to travel
around the Crimea.
V. Translate the dialogue in Russian into English using the expressions from the previous dialogue:
– Привет, Борис!
– Здравствуй, Николай!
– Не видел тебя сто лет. Где ты был все это время?
– Видишь ли, я только что приехал с Кавказа. Я путешествовал
в горах.
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– Ты видел много красивых мест, не так ли?
– О, да. Между прочим, ты когда-нибудь был в Хосте?
– К сожалению, я никогда там не был, но я много слышал об
этом месте.
– Ты не можешь себе представить, какое это замечательное место.
– Ты ездил туда один?
– Нет, вместе с Виктором. Ты помнишь его, да?
– Конечно. Он уже окончил университет?
– Да, он стал журналистом и собирается поехать на Ближний
Восток работать.
– А как ты? Я давно не получаю от тебя никаких известий. Как
ты поживаешь?
– Спасибо. Все в порядке. Заходи ко мне. Я всегда рад тебя видеть.
VI. Make up your own dialogue on the example of the above given
on the topic “My summer vacation”.
THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN
Compulsory education in England begins at the age of 5 when
children go to what is called a primary school (the rst stage of which
is called an infant school where children go from 5 to 7; the second
stage of a primary school is called a junior school to which children go
from 7 to 11).
When they are eleven they transfer to what is called a comprehensive
school. In most parts of the country comprehensive schools now
replaced the old grammar and secondary modern schools. Before the
introduction of comprehensive schools children at the age of 11 used
to sit for the 11 plus examinations. The examinations consist of an
Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) test, an English test and an Arithmetic test.
An intelligence test includes a large number of short questions and it
mainly measures the inborn abilities of a child and not what he has
learned at school.
The cleverer children who passed the exam would then be sent to
the grammar schools which provide education of an academic type and
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a large number of grammar school children go on to universities. The
other children would go to the secondary modern schools which give a
general education with a practical bias. But selection at such an early age
as 11 was strongly criticized by many educationalists and teachers. Now
the 11 plus is forced out and children can enter comprehensive schools
which are open to all children whatever their intellectual abilities are.
In comprehensive schools teaching is done in mixed ability classes.
It means that children of all abilities are put in one class so there are
less able children, more able pupils and average school children in
one class. Different methods of grouping children within a school are
used. One of the ways is the system known as “streaming”. It means
that children of the same age are put into different groups or “streams”
according to their level of general ability. There may be any number of
streams up to nine or more depending on the size of the school.
At the age of 16 most children take some sort of public examination.
These examinations are taken at the same time throughout the country.
At present there are two forms of examination at 16. There is the GCE
(the General Certi cate of Education, “0” (ordinary) level examination)
and CSE examination (the Certi cate of Secondary Education).
These two examinations came into being during the grammar school
secondary modern system and now still exist. The GCE examination
tends to be for children who are more academically gifted and the CSE
examination for the less academically and more practically inclined
children. At 16 the compulsory education nishes. Children then may
choose to leave school and go to work. Pupils who stay on at school are
to take what is called GCE – “A” level (advanced level). This course
lasts for 2 years, children choose three subjects and are examined in
these three subjects at the end of two years when they are 18.
Outside of these state schools which provide free education there are
also the fee-paying private independent schools the most important of
which are the so-called public schools. Many public schools are several
hundred years old. Nearly all of them are boarding schools and most
of them are boys’ schools. These schools have the best conditions for
giving a rst-class education.
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TALKING ABOUT EDUCATION IN ENGLAND
– Good morning, ladies and gentlemen! My name is Mark Dawson.
I’m going to answer your questions.
– Good morning, Mark. Please, tell us about nurseries in England,
your country.
– There is no law which provides for education of the under ves.
About 47 per cent of three- and four-year-olds receive their education
in nursery schools or classes. In most of the cases parents or voluntary
bodies organize such groups.
– Thank you, Mr. Dawson. And what can you say about primary
education?
– Well, primary education in my country consists of infant and
junior schools. The children do not have academic subjects, but they
are taught to read, write and do some simple mathematics.
– It is clear, thank you. Your system of secondary education has
changed a lot since 1970. Earlier the children took the eleven-plus
examinations after the primary school and those who did it well went
to grammar schools, the rest of the children went to some other types.
Now it is different. The children can choose any nearest school to study.
Do you like such a situation?
– Yes, of course. Our children are free now to choose any school
they want. Besides it is very important to send your child to the school
which is near your house. Parents don’t waste their time on a long way
to school as it used to be.
– We are thankful to you, Mr. Dawson. It is always pleasure to speak
to a native-English speaker and get information out of the rst hands.
Vocabulary exercises:
I. Read the words paying special attention to the pronunciation of
new words:
Education, to charge, to supervise, tutor, opportunity, duty, to use,
popular, success, to study, subjects, summary, public, fun, lucky, unit,
run, graduation, to reach, introductory, leisure, assessment, nature,
national, grade, curriculum, elementary, physical, to separate, painting,
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to take, made, generation, vocational, state, range, establishment,
exams, to expand, candidate, challenge.
II. What is the Russian for:
To send a child to school, an elementary school, a nursery school, a
junior school, a primary school, a secondary (high) school, a compulsory
school, a comprehensive school, a boarding school, a public school,
state-supported, a private (fee-paying, independent) school, mixed
(co-educational), to receive nancing, to divide children into groups
according to their mental abilities, to look like a workshop, to measure
the inborn abilities, streaming (grouping), the least gifted children, the
brightest children, to improve the quality, the National Curriculum,
educationalists, an IQ test, to take assessment tests, to leave school, to
take A-levels, traditional subjects.
III. Give the English equivalents to the following word combinations:
Детские сады, закон, дети младше пяти лет, трех- и четырехлетки, начальное образование, среднее образование, обеспечивать повышенный (продвинутый) уровень обучения, как это было раньше,
быть благодарным, носитель английского языка, выбирать школу
для ребенка, поступать в единую общедоступную школу, получать
бесплатное образование, младшие классы, учиться в средней школе, коэффициент умственных способностей, зависеть от учителя,
зависеть от способностей, означать, слабый ученик, ребенок средних способностей, обязательное образование, обязательные школьные предметы, вносить вклад, проверять врожденные способности,
деление на потоки, в школе около 100 детей, четыре класса по 25
человек в классе, представлять нового учителя классу, картинки,
(бесплатная) средняя школа, частное учебное заведение, выбирать
предметы, нарисованные детьми, игрушки ручной работы, сдавать
экзамен обычного уровня, получить диплом об общем среднем образовании, обеспечивать выпускников школ работой, высшее образование, степень бакалавра гуманитарных (естественных) наук.
IV. Find pairs of synonyms in a and b:
a) to leave, to unite, to start, to keep, to happen, to surprise, to love,
to get;
b) to adore, to depart, to obtain, to join, to astonish, to occur, to
initiate, to preserve.
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V. Find pairs of antonyms in a and b:
a) to remember, to lend, to send, to buy, to end, to ask, to build, to
lose, to fall, to give;
b) to answer, to receive, to nd, to take, to forget, to rise, to sell, to
borrow, to begin, to break.
VI. Make up 5 sentences in English with new words and expressions
on the topic.
VII. Translate these sentences into Russian:
1. The secondary grammar school offers a ve-year course leading
to the General Certi cate of Education at the ordinary level.
2. A pupil can continue his studies in the Sixth form to get the same
certi cate but at the advanced level.
3. Comprehensive schools provide all types of secondary education
for all the children of a district.
4. Some subjects at this faculty are compulsory, but some are
optional.
5. The pupils are streamed according to their ability to learn into A,
D, C and D streams, the gifted children being in the A stream and the
least able in the D stream.
6. Writing an Intelligence Quotient test each child was provided
with a printed test paper usually containing 100 questions.
7. Nowadays education in England is compulsory up to the age of 16.
8. Many students come to London University only to sit for their
examinations.
9. Later on pupils can choose different subjects which they will
study thoroughly, it depends on their interests.
10. There are some private educational establishments in our country.
11. The teacher has introduced a new pupil to his classmates.
12. School provides us with the happiest days in our lives.
13. Towards the end of the fourth year in Junior school pupils used
to sit for their Eleven Plus Examination.
14. To enter a public school one was to sit for an examination and public
school entrance examinations could be passed only by those who could
either pay for private teaching or for some years at a preparatory school.
VIII. Make sentences from the following words and translate them
into Russian:
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1. Authority, necessary, schools, Local, provides, equipment,
Education, with.
2. Schools, of 5 to 16, children, from, attend, the age, must.
3. Who, in, school, your, taught, English?
4. Teachers, encourage, children, different, primary, things, to study,
in, schools.
5. Different, after, pupils, establishments, enter, higher, school,
secondary.
6. What, nances, these, organization, play groups, nursery?
7. A, we, gave, good, him, lesson.
8. Responsible, for, are, you, what?
9. Teacher, a, good, various, of, methods, teaching, uses, at, lesson, the.
10. Education, employ, Local, teachers, Authorities, other, and, staff.
IX. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Некоторые предметы в школе обязательны, другие факульта-
тивны, ученики могут выбирать их сами.
2. Этот ученик сдал экзамены, получил свидетельство о сред-
нем образовании и решил пойти работать.
3. Детей в английских школах обычно делят на потоки по их
способностям. В общедоступных школах в одном классе учатся
дети с различными способностями.
4. Обязательное образование в Англии начинается с 5 лет и заканчивается в 16 лет.
5. Государственные школы подразделяются в Англии на грамматические, современные и общедоступные. Они дают различное
образование.
6. Частные школы Англии – это платные школы, которые имеют многовековую историю и традиции.
7. Уровень способностей и уровень знаний у этих детей различные. Способные дети помещаются в поток А, менее способные учатся в потоке Б. Программы, методы обучения в потоках различны.
8. Введение общедоступных школ повсеместно в Англии покончило бы с системой отбора в возрасте 11 лет.
9. В российской школе все ученики сдают одинаковые экзамены, чтобы получить аттестат зрелости, а в английских школах эти
экзамены могут быть разных уровней – обычного и продвинутого.
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10. В Англии нет единой системы среднего образования. Программы, учебные предметы, выбор учебников – все зависит от
местных органов образования.
11. Вчера я присутствовала на уроке физики и видела много
интересных опытов.
12. Наше местное управление образования финансирует этот
проект.
13. В каком высшем учебном заведении учится ваш сын?
14. Сама жизнь преподнесла им хороший урок.
15. Кто сможет перевести этот текст на английский язык?
16. Мы были ответственны за проведение праздника в начальной школе.
17. Наш университет принимает студентов на разные факультеты и отделения.
X. Translate the text into English using new words and word-
combinations:
Обязательное образование в Англии начинается с 5 лет, когда
дети начинают учиться в начальной школе. В 11 лет они переходят в
единую общедоступную школу, которая во многих районах страны
заменила грамматические и современные школы. До введения общедоступных школ дети в возрасте 11 лет обычно сдавали экзамен,
который состоял из теста на определение коэффициента умственной
одаренности, теста по английскому языку и теста по арифметике.
Те, кто сдавал экзамены успешно, шли в грамматические школы, обеспечивавшие классическое образование, другие попадали в
современные школы, дававшие общее образование с практической
направленностью. Такой отбор в 11 лет подвергался критике со
стороны методистов и учителей. В настоящее время дети могут поступать в общедоступную школу независимо от их способностей.
В 16 лет большинство детей сдают экзамены на получение аттестата о среднем образовании. На этом обязательное обучение заканчивается. Некоторые дети решают оставить школу и идут работать, другие остаются в школе еще на 2 года. Дети выбирают три
предмета, которые они изучают, и сдают экзамены в конце курса
по этим предметам на аттестат о среднем образовании продвинутого уровня. Кроме государственных школ, которые обеспечивают бесплатное обучение, существуют и платные частные школы.
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XI. Correct the statements if they are wrong:
1. The educational system and types of schools vary from region to
region.
2. The Local Education Authority employs workers and other staff,
provides and maintains sports grounds, supplies food and drinks.
3. The core subjects are Physical Training, Music and Art.
4. Schooling is compulsory for children from 7 to 16.
5. Primary education includes infant and junior schools.
6. At 14 the child goes to secondary school.
7. The most able children take more academic courses while those of
lesser abilities follow practical courses as well as core subjects.
8. After nal examinations at secondary schools pupils can enter the
Universities.
XII. Find the information to prove the following:
1. At present the state school system has changed.
2. Formerly children took an exam at the end of their primary
education.
3. At present there are two nationwide exam systems.
4. Pupils go to comprehensive schools automatically.
5. Parallel to the state system, there is a private education system.
XIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form. Answer the
questions:
1. When the National Curriculum (to be introduced) for the rst
time?
2. What the National Curriculum (to tell) the pupils about?
3. In what subjects pupils (to take) exams?
4. What subjects pupils must (to be taught) without taking exams?
5. What (to mean) vocational quali cations?
XIV. Answer the questions using the Vocabulary Notes:
1. What stages of education in Great Britain do you know?
2. Is schooling compulsory in this country?
3. What body can employ teachers, provide and maintain buildings,
provide grants and approve curriculum?
4. How do they call head teacher?
5. When do English children begin to go to primary school?
6. What subjects do pupils learn in junior schools?
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