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Файл:Let’s learn English. Методическое пособие по английскому языку для студентов неязыковых направлений педагогических вузов
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RUSSIA – OUR MOTHERLAND
I. Read the poem “Oh, Russia, I’m in love with you” by L.A. Khu-
sainova in a proper way, translate into Russian and learn it by heart:
I love you deeply, dear land,
Your hills and rivers, sand on strand,
Your songs and dances, lakes and seas,
Your beasts and sh, birds in trees,
Your sunrise in a splendid sight
Which gives me always such delight.
II. Read the following words, give their Russian equivalents and
make up 10 English sentences with these words and word combinations:
vast = immense = wide
to span = to cover = to comprise = to occupy
to stretch
to border on = to be bounded by smth.
in the North, East, South, West
to be washed by smth.
to ow (fall) into smth.
to be rich in smth.
the variety of scenery (scene, landscape)
to belong to smth.
natural and mineral resources: coal, iron, natural gas, Zink, nickel,
granite, salt, diamonds
to differ from smth.
industry, agriculture
population
to be divided into 2 parts
the highlands, lowlands, plains, grasslands, taiga, tundra
to get the general idea of smth.
below sea level
as far as I know (I can see)
to form the natural border (boundary)
to have a summer vacation
to be fond of = to go in for mountaineering, hunting, to go camping
(hiking)
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III. Read the dialogue “Looking at the map of Russia” in pairs
and translate it into Russian:
– I’d like you to tell me something about your country.
– I think the best way to get a general idea of a country is to study
the map. It’s lucky I’ve got one with me. Here it is.
– Perhaps we had better start with
the physical outline of the country
– Well, Russia can be divided roughly into two main regions – the
highlands in the east and the lowlands covering the greater part of the
country, with a long mountain range cutting it into two unequal parts.
– You mean the Urals. They form the natural border between Europe
and Asia. But the highest mountain chains, as far as I can see, are
situated in the South and the South-East of the country. What do you
call them?
– The Caucasus, between the Caspian and the Black Sea and the
Altai in Asia.
– I’d love to go there. My hobby is mountaineering. But our mountains are not so high as yours, as far as I know.
– I believe they are not. We have peaks four and a half miles high.
But we also have lowlands several hundred feet below sea level. We
have steppes in the South, plains and forests in the midlands, tundra and
taiga in the North.
– What are the “steppes”?
– They are treeless plains covered with grass. The soil is fertile there.
– And is the tundra like our heather moors?
– Not in the least. It’s a kind of frozen desert in the Arctic region.
– And what is the ‘taiga’, I wonder?
– It’s a thick coniferous forest stretching to the South of the tundra.
It’s rich in animals, valued for their fur like sable, fox, squirrel.
– I’d like to go hunting there, but I’m afraid I would never be able
to stand the cold.
– Our climate is also varied. In the South-West the weather is usually mild and wet. Northern Asia is one of the coldest places on earth, and
in the South the heat is unbearable. But in the middle of the country the
climate is moderate and continental.
.
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– Well, it has been very interesting for me to hear all those things.
Thank you very much for your information.
IV. Match the left and the right columns:
to ow (to fall) the general idea of smth.
below into smth.
to border camping
to get the natural border
as far as scenery
to be I know
to be rich washed by smth.
to go sea level
to form on smth.
the variety of from smth.
natural and mineral in smth
to differ resources
V. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words or word combinations:
1. I’d like to get … of Great Britain.
2. Our country is very … in different mineral … .
3. I’m fond of … . I have visited all the mountains in Russia.
4. Russia is … into 2 main regions: the western and the eastern parts.
5. Russia is … by many seas in the North, the …, the … and the … .
VI. Translate the text about our country into English:
Наша Родина – Россия
Наша страна называется Российская Федерация или Россия. Россия – огромная страна, которая расположена как в Европе, так и в
Азии. Её обширная территория составляет свыше 17,1 млн. км² (≈
6,6 млн. миль²). Она простирается от побережья Северного Ледовитого океана до субтропиков и от Балтийского моря до Тихого океана.
Россия граничит со многими государствами на западе – с Норвегией, Финляндией, Латвией, Эстонией, Белоруссией, Украиной;
на юге – с Грузией, Азербайджаном, Казахстаном, Монголией и
Китаем.
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Россия омывается Тихим океаном на востоке, Северным Ледовитым – на севере и Чёрным и Каспийским морями – на юге.
Наша страна очень богата озёрами и реками. Самой длинной рекой в европейской части страны является Волга, которая впадает в
Каспийское море, а в Азии – Лена, впадающая в Северный Ледовитый океан. Россия также известна такими реками, как Обь, Иртыш, Енисей, впадающими в Северный Ледовитый океан. Наиболее красивым и самым глубоким озером планеты является Байкал
со своей чистой водой.
Чёрное море – очень популярное место (курорт) для тех людей,
которые предпочитают проводить свои каникулы на побережье
моря. Самыми крупными морскими портами являются Калининград, Новороссийск, Мурманск, Владивосток.
Россия может быть поделена на два главных региона – возвышенности на востоке и низменности, занимающие большую часть
территории страны. Уральские горы образуют естественную границу между Европой и Азией. Но самые высокие горы расположены на юге и юго-западе страны: Кавказские горы – между Каспийским и Чёрным морями и Алтайские горы – в Азии. Самая высокая
гора на территории нашей страны – гора Эльбрус (5642 м).
В России есть также низменности, на несколько сотен футов
ниже уровня моря. В России можно найти всё разнообразие пейзажа. У нас есть пустыни и степи на юге, равнины и леса в средней
части страны, тундра и тайга – на севере. Степи представляют собой
безлесые равнины, покрытые травой с богатой плодородной почвой.
Тайга – густые хвойные леса, простирающиеся до юга тундры и богатые такими животными, как белка, соболь, лиса. А тундра представляет собой вид замёрзшей пустыни в северном регионе.
Россия принадлежит к крупным промышленным странам мира,
так как богата природными и минеральными ресурсами, а особенно углём, железом, природным газом, нефтью, цинком, никелем,
гранитом, солью, алмазами и другими полезными ископаемыми.
Россия так велика, что климат меняется от одной части к другой. На юго-востоке погода обычно сырая и мягкая. Северная Азия
является одним из самых холодных мест на Земле. В некоторых
регионах Сибири зимняя температура – самая низкая на Земле. В
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средней части страны климат умеренно-континентальный. Климат
побережья Чёрного моря субтропический. Кроме того, есть регионы, где представляется трудным развивать промышленность и
сельское хозяйство.
Население России составляет 145,600 млн. человек. Они говорят на многих национальных языках. Большая часть жителей
нашей страны живет в крупнейших её городах – столице Москве,
Санкт-Петербурге, Волгограде, Краснодаре, Самаре, Нижнем Новгороде и многих других.
Таким образом, Россия – наша родина, которая предлагает много возможностей россиянам заниматься альпинизмом, туризмом,
охотой, садоводством и имеет много великолепных мест, куда можно поехать отдохнуть в отпуск или на каникулы.
VII. Answer the questions:
1. How is our country called?
2. How large is Russia? What territory does it occupy?
3. What is characteristic of the geographical outline of Russia? What
countries does it border on?
4. What water bodies is Russia washed by?
5. What are the longest rivers of our country?
6. What can you say about the variety of scenery of Russia?
7. What types of natural scenery can we observe in our country?
8. What natural and mineral resources is Russia rich in?
9. What can you say about the climate of our country?
10. What is the population of the Russian Federation? Name some of
the largest cities of Russia.
VIII. Speak about Russia according to the plan using the geographical and political maps of Russia (not less than 25 sentences) (See Appendix 1):
1. The geographical outline of the country.
2. Water bodies.
3. Scenery (landscape): natural and mineral resources.
4. The types of natural scenery.
5. Climate.
6. The greatest cities.
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IX. Speak about your native place using the plan and some photos
while speaking (See Appendix 1):
1. The name of the place you were born at;
2. Its geographical position (location);
3. History;
4. Relief (territory);
5. Natural resources;
6. Main industries (wood, salt, paper, mineral resources);
7. Economy;
8. Climate;
9. Places of interest (sights, attractions);
10. The population and the main occupation of its inhabitants;
11. Your opinion.
MOSCOW – THE CAPITAL OF OUR COUNTRY
MOSCOW SIGHTS
Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation. It was founded in
1147 by Prince Yury Dolgorukiy. Now Moscow has become the largest
political, economic, administrative and cultural centre. It attracts tourists from all over the world.
Moscow is known for its beautiful old cathedrals, churches and monasteries. Some of them date from the 15th to the 17th centuries. Moscow is also famous all over the world for its museums and art galleries.
Among them the most well-known is the Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts,
which contains a vast collection of antiquities and a well-known collection of modern foreign painters including impressionists and the Tretyakov Picture Gallery with its masterpieces of Russian pictorial art.
In Moscow there are a lot of exhibition halls, palaces of culture, libraries and theatres. Among the world famous are the Bolshoi Theatre,
the Taganka Theatre and many others. Many tourists enjoy the magni -
cent building of the University, which is situated on the Vorobyovs’ Hills.
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The Moscow Metro is not only a comfortable, rapid and economic
means of travelling but also one of the tourists’ attractions. It is rightly
considered to be the most beautiful in the world. The city also contains
the Russian State Library with one of the largest and richest archives
in the world.
Moscow is the seat of the Government of the Russian Federation.
The oldest part of Moscow is the Kremlin. It stands at the heart of the
city on the famous Red Square and attracts a lot of tourists who can
look at the magni cent St. Basil’s Cathedral, the Lenin Mausoleum and
the monument to K. Minin and D. Pozharsky.
Vocabulary exercises:
I. Pronounce correctly:
Unique, to impress, to admire, ancient, collection, sights, majestic,
architecture, government, manuscripts, monasteries, cathedral, traf c,
pictorial, outstanding, foundation, exhibition, garments, weapon, tsars,
queen, princess, harmony, worldwide, pride, contemporary, decoration,
design, honour, fascinating, favourable, research.
II. Translate into Russian:
To be situated, thousands of tourists, the highest towers, to be
crowned with ruby stars, people all over the country, to listen to the
Kremlin Chimes, the Bell Tower of Ivan the Great, to be built in the
15th century, to admire the majestic beauty, the red-brick walls, to be a
matter of great pride and love, to appear as a trade centre, to develop
rapidly, due to, a favourable geographical position.
III. Make up 5 English sentences with new words and expressions.
IV. Translate into Russian:
1. Ivan the Great Bell Tower (81 metres high) was the tallest building in Moscow for a long time. Today TV tower in Ostankino (536
metrs high) is the tallest one.
2. Moscow’s rst skyscraper was the 240-metre Moscow University
built in 1953.
3. The capital’s 4000 public libraries contain a total of 223 million
books.
4. Moscow’s rst public library appeared in the 1720s.
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5. Since the middle of the 19th century, Moscow’s biggest public
library has been the Rumyantsev Library.
6. The State Library’s main depository houses 30 million books,
magazines, newspapers, maps and manuscripts in 247 languages.
7. In and around Moscow there are 260 museums. The Kremlin is
Moscow’s oldest museum complex with monuments dating back to the
14th–19th centures.
8. Moscow’s rst public gallery was opened in 1809.
9. The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the city’s best known museums. It is assumed to be founded in 1858. It was the year when P. Tretyakov started his collection of paintings by Russian artists. In 1892 the
Gallery was presented to the city with 3500 exhibits. Today it houses
55000 works of art.
10. The rst line of the Moscow Metro was built in 1935. Now the
Moscow Metro is famous for its beautiful underground halls. It carries
more than 2 million passengers every day.
V. Choose the right word:
1. Across the road from Manege is the old … of Moscow University
… by M. Kazakov. There are two … Moscow … in the second half of
the 18th …: V. Bazhenov and M. Kazakov, who created a style … as
“Moscow Classicism”.
2. On the other … of the Moskva River on Lavrushinsky Lane is the
Tretyakov Gallery … by Pavel Tretyakov. Not long before his death
Tretyakov gave his … to the … of Moscow. Its icon department contains … from Kievan and Muscovite Rus.
3. The Pushkin … of Fine Arts has one of the … collections of the
…, classical and West European art.
4. The Pushkin Museum of … … periodically holds … of the art
of various … and of individual outstanding … . For example, there
were exhibitions of the Tutankhamen treasures from … and Leonardo
da Vinci’s … … Mona Lisa (La Gioconda).
VI. Insert the appropriate articles:
… outstanding relic of … Russian culture – … 200 ton Tsar Bell –
stands in … Moscow Kremlin. … bell was made in 1735 by Russian
craftsman Ivan Motorin and his son Mikhail. … bell is 6 m and 14 cm
high and its diameter is 6 m and 60 cm. To perform … work … huge
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hole was dug in … Kremlin grounds and … bell was kept in it for nearly
18 months to cool.
… large re ared up late in May 1737. All … the wooden structures
surrounding … hole caught re and collapsed cooling of … bronze bell
by … water that was used to put out … re resulted in grave damage –
cracks appeared and … big piece broke away.
After that … bell lay forgotten in … hole for more than 100 years. In
1836 it was taken out of … ground and installed on … special pedestal
near … foundation of the Belfry of Ivan the Great and Bell Tower. In
our time … restoration work was carried out by skilled workers and …
bell is now one of … greatest tourists’ attractions.
VII. Make up the sentences out of the words scattered:
1. many, and, are, St. Petersburg, there, palaces, magni cent, in,
bridges.
2. impressed, the, by, travellers, of, city, were, beauty, the.
3. Russia, capital, cultural, a, of, centre, economic, political, admin-
istrative, and, its, is, Moscow.
4. population, of, country, Russian, cherish, the, multinational, his-
tory, the, its.
5. is, history, mentioned, in, the, annals, rst, 1147, of, Moscow, of.
VIII. Translate into English:
1. Москва – политический, административный и культурный
центр России.
2. Москва известна во всем мире своими красивыми соборами,
монастырями, церквями.
3. История Москвы началась с 1147 года.
4. Юрий Долгорукий считается основателем Москвы.
5. До начала XVIII века Москва была столицей России. Затем
ею стал Петербург. В 1918 г. древняя русская столица опять стала
столицей Советского государства.
6. Первое метро в нашей стране было построено в Москве в
1935 г. Это самая красивая подземная дорога во всем мире.
7. Самое дорогое для российских людей место, сердце Москвы
– Красная площадь, Кремль. Сейчас здесь работает правительство
России, а раньше в Кремле жил и работал основатель нашего государства В. И. Ленин.
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8. Собор Василия Блаженного находится на Красной площади.
9. МГУ расположен на Воробьевых горах.
10. В городе находится огромное количество театров и музеев.
11. Москва – мировой центр культуры, науки и искусства, где
находятся Российская Академия наук, другие научные центры,
Московский университет имени М.В. Ломоносова и многие другие
высшие учебные заведения.
IX. Translate the following text into English:
Москва, город-герой, – столица Российской Федерации. Это
крупнейший политический, промышленный, экономический и культурный центр страны и самый большой город России, один из крупнейших городов мира с населением более 12 миллионов человек.
Москва занимает первое место среди столиц мира по количеству учебных заведений и студентов. В городе свыше 260 музеев
и выставочных залов, 182 театра, множество клубов, кинотеатров,
стадионов и других спортивных сооружений. Москва была столицей всемирных Олимпийских игр 1980 года и очень хорошо подготовилась к встрече лучших спортсменов мира и многочисленных
зарубежных гостей.
В Москве много исторических и архитектурных памятников. За
последние десятилетия город сильно изменился. Там, где раньше
были кривые, узкие улочки и маленькие деревянные дома, теперь
широкие проспекты с красивыми высокими современными зданиями. Москва растет и хорошеет с каждым днем, так как появляется все больше новых домов, улиц, площадей, проспектов, скверов.
Увеличивается количество новых линий метро. Москва расширяется во всех направлениях. Все, кто приезжает в Москву, поражаются
огромному строительству, которое идет во всех районах столицы.
X. Answer the questions:
1. Where is Moscow located?
2. When was it founded?
3. Who founded Moscow?
4. What is Moscow famous for?
5. Do you know any places of interest in Moscow?
6. Is Red Square the heart of the city?
7. What monuments of Moscow attract the attention of tourists?
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