Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Extensive reading B2+. Учебное пособие

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
06.09.2026
Размер:
2 Мб
Скачать
TEXT 14 • ANTIBIOTICS IN FARMING MAJOR THREAT TO HUMAN HEALTH
:RUGEXLOGLQJ
&RPSOHWHWKHVHQWHQFHVZLWKWKHFRUUHFWIRUPRIWKHZRUGLQEUDFNHWVDWWKHHQG
RIHDFKVHQWHQFH
9LFWLPVRIRQOLQHBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBDUHRIWHQVLPSO\WROGWRVWRSJRLQJ
RQOLQH>+$5$66@
0DQ\ SHRSOH IDLO WR ORFN GRZQ WKHLU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB VHWWLQJV
>35,9$7(@
6RFLDOPHGLDLVKDYLQJDBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBHIIHFWRQSROLWLFVDQGSXEOLF
GLVFRXUVH>',6$67(5@
7KH WHFK LQGXVWU\ LV VXIIHULQJ IURP H[WUHPH VKRUWBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
>6,*+7@
6RPH RI WKH WHFKQRORJ\ ZDV RQO\ SUHYLRXVO\ XVHG E\ JRYHUQPHQWV DQG SULYDWH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB>,19(67,*$7(@
6KRXOG WKH GHYHORSHUV RI VS\ZDUH EH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB OLDEOH LI WKHLU
SURGXFWVDUHXVHGIRULOOHJDOSXUSRVHV">&5,0(@
'LVFXVVLRQ
'LVFXVVWKHIROORZLQJVWDWHPHQWV
96HFXULW\FDPHUDVDUHDQLQYDVLRQRISULYDF\DQGVKRXOGEHEDQQHG
9,WVKRXOGEHLOOHJDOIRUFRPSDQLHVWRWUDFN SHRSOHWKURXJKWKHLUPRELOHSKRQHDQG
FRPSXWHUXVHIRUPDUNHWLQJSXUSRVHV
96WDONLQJLVDVHULRXVRIIHQFHDQGVWDONHUVVKRXOGDOZD\VEHVHQWWRSULVRQ
7H[W$QWLELRWLFVLQIDUPLQJPDMRUWKUHDWWRKXPDQKHDOWK
:DUPHU
&RPSOHWHWKHVHVHQWHQFHVWKHQGLVFXVV\RXUDQVZHUV
$QWLELRWLFVDUHXVHGWRWUHDW«
7KH\FDQQRWWUHDW«
%HIRUHDQWLELRWLFVZHUHDYDLODEOH«
71
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B2+
.H\ZRUGV
)LQGNH\ZRUGVLQWKHDUWLFOHDQGZULWHWKHPQH[WWRWKHGHILQLWLRQVEHORZ
WKHDELOLW\ QRW WR EHDIIHFWHGE\VRPHWKLQJBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
SDUD
DPL[WXUHRIZDWHUDQGZDVWHIURPDQLPDOVBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
SDUD
WKH PRYHPHQW DQG VSUHDGLQJ RI VRPHWKLQJ LQ PDQ\ GLUHFWLRQV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
XVHGWRGHVFULEHVRPHWKLQJWKDWZLOOEHXVHGRQO\DIWHUQRWKLQJHOVHFDQVROYHD
SUREOHPBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBWZRZRUGVSDUD
DQLPDOV VXFK DV FRZV VKHHS DQG SLJV WKDW DUH NHSW RQ IDUPV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
GLVSRVHG RI XVLQJ D IORZ RI ZDWHU BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBWZR
ZRUGVSDUD
SDUWV RI VRPHWKLQJ WKDW UHPDLQ DIWHU WKH UHVW KDV JRQH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
DEOH WR EH XVHG DJDLQVW D ZLGH UDQJH RI GLIIHUHQW LOOQHVVHV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
DFWLRQV WKDW DUH LQWHQGHG WR DFKLHYH RU GHDO ZLWK VRPHWKLQJ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
ZKHQ GRFWRUV SUHVFULEH D PHGLFLQH WRR RIWHQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
DGYLVHGYHU\VWURQJO\BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
NLOODQLPDOVGHOLEHUDWHO\BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
FRQWURO RU OLPLW VRPHWKLQJ WKDW LV KDUPIXO BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
SDUD
LOOQHVVHVXVXDOO\QRWVHULRXVRQHVBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
72
TEXT 14 • ANTIBIOTICS IN FARMING MAJOR THREAT TO HUMAN HEALTH
$PDMRUQHZWKUHDWWRKXPDQKHDOWKVD\V81
Antibiotics that have spilled from farms into the natural environment may be a bigger factor in spreading resistance to life-saving drugs than previously thought, report says
)LRQD+DUYH\'HFHPEHU
 7KH RYHUXVH RI DQWLELRWLFV LQ IDUPLQJ KDV EHHQ KLJKOLJKWHG DV RQH RI WKH ELJJHVW HPHUJLQJ WKUHDWV WR KXPDQ KHDOWKVSUHDGLQJUHVLVWDQFHWRYLWDOGUXJV DQGHQGDQJHULQJPLOOLRQVRIOLYHV  $QWLELRWLFV XVHG RQ IDUPV FDQ VSLOO RYHU LQWR WKH VXUURXQGLQJ HQYLURQPHQW IRU LQVWDQFH WKURXJK ZDWHU UXQRII DQG VOXUU\ DFFRUGLQJ WR D UHSRUW IURP WKH 81¶V HQYLURQPHQW ERG\ ZLWK WKH SRWHQWLDOWRFUHDWHUHVLVWDQFHWRWKHGUXJV DFURVVDZLGHDUHD  7KLV HQYLURQPHQWDO GLIIXVLRQ RI SRZHUIXO PHGLFLQHV WR ZKLFK EDFWHULD DUH LQFUHDVLQJO\ JDLQLQJ UHVLVWDQFH LV UHQGHULQJ HYHQ WKH GUXJV RI ODVW UHVRUW LQHIIHFWLYH LQ KXPDQ WUHDWPHQW DQG PD\ EHDELJJHUIDFWRULQVSUHDGLQJUHVLVWDQFH WKDQKDGEHHQWKRXJKW3UHYLRXVFRQFHUQV IRFXVHGRQUHVLVWDQFHWRWKHGUXJVDPRQJ OLYHVWRFN DQG IDUP ZRUNHUV EXW WKH 81 UHSRUW VD\V WKH SUREOHP JRHV PXFK IXUWKHUDQGLVPXFKPRUHGDQJHURXV  :KHQ DQWLELRWLFV DUH XVHG RQ IDUP DQLPDOVWKHSUHIHUUHGGHOLYHU\PHWKRGLV RIWHQ YLD WKH OLYHVWRFN¶V IRRG DQG ZDWHU VXSSOLHV +RZHYHU WKLV FDQ PHDQ WRR PXFK LV XVHG DQG WKH H[FHVV LV VOXLFHG DZD\LQWRILHOGVRUZDWHUZD\VRUIRXQGLQ VOXUU\ 7KLV DOORZV WKH DQWLELRWLF DJHQWV WR HVFDSH LQWR WKH QDWXUDO HQYLURQPHQW ZLWKXQSUHGLFWDEOHHIIHFWV  7KURXJK WKHVH SUDFWLFHV DFFRUGLQJ WR WKH 81 UHSRUW )URQWLHUV  ³WKH QDWXUDOHQYLURQPHQW EHFRPHV D UHVHUYRLU RIDQWLELRWLFUHVLGXHVUHVLVWDQWSDWKRJHQV DQG RWKHU PROHFXOHV ZLWK DQWLPLFURELDO SURSHUWLHV WKDW HQKDQFH WKH VSUHDG RI
UHVLVWDQFH JHQHV LQ PLFURELDO FRPPXQLWLHV´  $QWLELRWLF UHVLVWDQFH LV DOVR EHLQJ VSUHDG WKURXJK WKH IDFLOLWLHV ZKHUH WKH GUXJV DUH PDQXIDFWXUHG (ULN 6ROKHLP WKH 81¶V HQYLURQPHQW FKLHI GUHZ DWWHQWLRQ WR RQH H[DPSOH LQ WKH FLW\ RI 3DWDQFKHUX QHDU +\GHUDEDG LQ ,QGLD ZKHUHRQHIDFLOLW\WUHDWVZDVWHZDWHUIURP  GUXJ PDQXIDFWXUHUV HYHU\ GD\ 7KH GLVFKDUJH IURP WKHVH SURFHVVHV LV UHOHDVHG LQWR D ORFDO VWUHDP ZKLFK LQ WXUQ IHHGV PDQ\ ULYHUV 7HVWV RI WKH GLVFKDUJHG ZDWHU KDYH UHFHQWO\ UHYHDOHG WKDW WKH FRQFHQWUDWLRQ LQ WKH WUHDWHG ZDVWHZDWHU RI FLSURIOR[DFLQ D YLWDO EURDGVSHFWUXP DQWLELRWLF ZDV VWURQJ HQRXJKWRWUHDWSHRSOH  ³7KLV LV QRW DQ LVRODWHG FDVH´ VDLG 6ROKHLP LQWURGXFLQJ WKH )URQWLHUV  UHSRUW LQ ZKLFK 81FRPPLVVLRQHG VFLHQWLVWV GHVFULEH VRPH RI WKHLU NH\ ILQGLQJV RQ SRWHQWLDO HQYLURQPHQWDO SUREOHPV ³$URXQG WKH ZRUOG GLVFKDUJH IURP PXQLFLSDO DJULFXOWXUDO DQG LQGXVWULDO ZDVWH LQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW PHDQV LW LV FRPPRQ WR ILQG DQWLELRWLF FRQFHQWUDWLRQVLQ PDQ\ULYHUV VHGLPHQWV DQG VRLOV ,W LV VWHDGLO\ GULYLQJ WKH HYROXWLRQRIUHVLVWDQWEDFWHULD´  :LOOLDP *D]H DVVRFLDWH SURIHVVRU DW WKH8QLYHUVLW\RI([HWHUZKRFRQWULEXWHG WR WKH UHSRUW VDLG WKH HQYLURQPHQWDO GLIIXVLRQRIDQWLELRWLFVKDGUHFHLYHGOLWWOH DWWHQWLRQ GHVSLWH EHLQJ NH\ WR VORZLQJ WKHVSUHDGRIUHVLVWDQFH ³6RIDUDORWRI DWWHQWLRQ KDV IRFXVHG RQ UHGXFLQJ DQWLELRWLFXVHDQGWKDWLVDNH\IDFWRUEXW LW¶VHTXDOO\LPSRUWDQWWRXQGHUVWDQGPRUH
73
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B2+
DERXW KRZ UHVLVWDQFH LV VSUHDG WKURXJK RXUQDWXUDO HQYLURQPHQWV VR WKDW ZH FDQ ILQG ZD\V WR SUHYHQW WKDW IURP KDSSHQLQJ´ 6XFK PHDVXUHV FRXOG LQFOXGH VWURQJHU UHJXODWLRQV RQ KRZ WKH GUXJV DUH PDQXIDFWXUHG WR SUHYHQW WKH DQWLPLFURELDOV EHLQJ ZDVKHG DZD\ LQ ZDVWH ZDWHU DQG UHJXODWLRQV WR VWRS WKH URXWLQH XVH RI DQWLELRWLFV LQ IDUPLQJ LQ PDQ\SDUWVRIWKHZRUOGWKH\DUHXVHGDV D JURZWK SURPRWHU WR PDNH DQLPDOV SXW RQ ZHLJKW IDVWHU UDWKHU WKDQ WR WUHDW VSHFLILF LOOQHVVHV DQG WKH RYHU SUHVFULSWLRQRIPHGLFLQHVLQIDUPLQJ  *D]H WROG The Guardian DQ\ UHVSRQVHV ZRXOG GHSHQG RQ QRW RQO\ LPSURYLQJ VDQLWDWLRQ DQG ZDVWHZDWHU WUHDWPHQWDVZHOODVFXWWLQJGRZQRQXVH RI WKH GUXJV EXW DOVR RQ GHYHORSLQJ ELRGHJUDGDEOH IRUPV RI WKH PHGLFLQHV ZKLFK ZRXOG QRW SHUVLVW LQ WKH HQYLURQPHQW  7KH :RUOG +HDOWK 2UJDQL]DWLRQ :+2 KDV DOUHDG\ XUJHG VLPLODU PHDVXUHV DQG FDOOHG RQ JRYHUQPHQWV WR HQVXUHWKDWWKHPRVWSRZHUIXODQWLELRWLFV XVHG LQ KXPDQ KHDOWK WKH VRFDOOHG PHGLFLQHVRIODVWUHVRUWDUHSUHVHUYHGIRU KXPDQWUHDWPHQWDQGQHYHUXVHG LQ IDUP
DV LW FRXOG PHDQ WKH\ KDYH WR FXOO OLYHVWRFN UDWKHU WKDQ WUHDWLQJ WKHP %XW DFFRUGLQJWRWKH:+2LWZRXOGPDNHD VLJQLILFDQW GLIIHUHQFH LQ SUHYHQWLQJ LQFUHDVHG UHVLVWDQFH WR WKH PRVW LPSRUWDQWFRPSRXQGV  5HVLVWDQFH WR DQWLELRWLFV LV QRZ FRQVLGHUHG RQH RI WKH ELJJHVW WKUHDWV WR KXPDQ KHDOWK (QJODQG¶V &KLHI 0HGLFDO 2IILFHU 'DPH 6DOO\ 'DYLHV KDV UHSHDWHGO\ ZDUQHG WKDW LW FRXOG UHVXOW LQ URXWLQH RSHUDWLRQV VXFK DV KLS UHSODFHPHQWV EHFRPLQJ OLIHWKUHDWHQLQJ ZLWKLQDIHZ\HDUVLIWKHVSUHDGRI UHVLVWDQFHFDQQRWEHKDOWHG  6R IDU HIIRUWV WR FXUE UHVLVWDQFH LQ WKH 8. KDYH IRFXVHG RQ OLPLWLQJ WKH SUHVFULELQJ RI DQWLELRWLFV WR SHRSOH IRU LQVWDQFH ZLWK D QHZ FDPSDLJQ WR GLVVXDGHSHRSOHIURPDVNLQJWKHLUGRFWRUV IRU DQWLELRWLFV IRU DLOPHQWV IRU ZKLFK WKH\ZRXOGEHLQHIIHFWLYH  +RZHYHU LQYHVWLJDWLRQV E\ The Guardian KDYH IRXQG WKDW WKH XVH RI DQWLELRWLFV LQ IDUPLQJ LV OLNHO\ WR EH D NH\EXW RYHUORRNHGIDFWRULQWKH VSUHDG RIUHVLVWDQFH 
*XDUGLDQ1HZVDQG0HGLD )LUVWSXEOLVKHGLQThe Guardian
DQLPDOV7KLVLVXQSRSXODUZLWKIDUPHUV
 &RPSUHKHQVLRQFKHFN 8VHLQIRUPDWLRQIURPWKHDUWLFOHDQGNH\ZRUGVIURPWDVNZKHUHDSSURSULDWH WRDQVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQVDERXWUHVLVWDQFHWRDQWLELRWLFV
:KDWLVWKHQDPHRIWKHUHSRUWDQGZKRZRUNHGRQLW"
:KLFKVRIDURYHUORRNHGDVSHFWRIDQWLELRWLFXVHGRHVWKHUHSRUWKLJKOLJKW"
:KDWKDVDFDPSDLJQLQWKH8.EHHQXUJLQJSHRSOHWRGR"
:KDWKDVWKH:+2XUJHGJRYHUQPHQWVWRGR"
:K\LVUHVLVWDQFHWRDQWLELRWLFVFXUUHQWO\FRQVLGHUHGWREHWKHJUHDWHVWHPHUJLQJ
WKUHDWWRRXUKHDOWK"
74
TEXT 15 • YORKSHIRE TOWN’S FOOD-GROWING SCHEME TAKES ROOT WORLDWIDE
$QWLELRWLFVLQIDUPLQJ
D7DONDQGPDNHQRWHVDERXWWKHNH\SRLQWVRIWKHSUREOHP
:KDWLVWKHSUREOHPSUHVHQWHGLQWKHDUWLFOH"
:K\GRIDUPHUVXVHDQWLELRWLFV"
:KDWDUHWKHFRQVHTXHQFHVRIWKHLUDFWLRQV"
:KDWDUHWKHSRVVLEOHVROXWLRQV"
E'RRQHRIWKHIROORZLQJ
'HVLJQDSXEOLFDZDUHQHVVSRVWHUWRSURYLGHSHRSOHZLWKLQIRUPDWLRQ
RU
'UDZDQLQIRJUDSKLFWRVKRZWKHSURFHVVDQGLWVFRQVHTXHQFHV
'LVFXVVLRQ
:KHUH\RXOLYHRUFRPHIURP«
9KRZHDV\LVLWWRJHWKROGRIDQWLELRWLFV" 9ZKDWLQIRUPDWLRQDUHSHRSOHJLYHQUHJDUGLQJKRZWRWDNHDQWLELRWLFV" 9ZKRXVXDOO\SURYLGHVWKLVLQIRUPDWLRQ"

:HUH\RXSUHYLRXVO\DZDUHRIWKHSUREOHPVVXUURXQGLQJDQWLELRWLFVDVGHVFULEHG
LQWKLVDUWLFOH"
:KDWFDQ\RXGRWRPDNHVXUH\RXGRQRWFRQWULEXWHWRWKHSUREOHP"
:HETXHVW
:KDW HIIRUWV DUH DOUHDG\ XQGHUZD\ WR ILJKW DQWLELRWLF UHVLVWDQFH" 6KDUH \RXU
ILQGLQJV
7H[W<RUNVKLUHWRZQ¶VIRRGJURZLQJVFKHPHWDNHVURRWZRUOGZLGH
:DUPHU
 'LVFXVVWKHTXHVWLRQV
9+DYH\RXHYHUWULHGWRJURZYHJHWDEOHVIUXLWRUKHUEV"
9:KHUHGLG\RXGRLW"
75
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B2+
9+RZVXFFHVVIXOZHUH\RX"
9:KDWGLG\RXGRZLWK\RXUSURGXFH"
9:KDWDGYLFHZRXOG\RXJLYHVRPHRQHZKRZDQWHGWRJURZWKHVDPHWKLQJV"
.H\ZRUGV
)LQGNH\ZRUGVLQWKHDUWLFOHWKDW PDWFK WKH GHILQLWLRQV EHORZ7KHSDUDJUDSK
QXPEHUVDUHJLYHQWRKHOS\RX
VPDOOWRROVZLWKFXUYHGEODGHVWKDWDUHXVHGLQJDUGHQVIRUGLJJLQJVPDOOKROHVRU
GLJJLQJSODQWVRXWRIWKHJURXQGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
WKLQJVVXFKDVSLHFHVRISDSHUWKDWSHRSOHKDYHGURSSHGRQWKHJURXQGLQDSXEOLF
SODFHPDNLQJLWXQWLG\BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
EULJKWO\ FRORXUHG DQGUHIOHFWLQJOLJKWVR WKHSHUVRQZHDULQJLW FDQ EHVHHQHDVLO\
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
D IDFWRU\ ZKHUH D SURGXFW VXFK DV FRWWRQ ZRRO RU VWHHO LV PDGH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
D JURXS RI SHRSOH ZKR VKDUH WKH VDPH DLP DQG ZRUN WRJHWKHU WR DFKLHYH LW
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
 RI DQ LGHD EHOLHI RU V\VWHP EHFRPH HVWDEOLVKHG DQG DFFHSWHG
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBWZRZRUGVSDUD
VWURQJ ILQDQFLDO GHPDQG RU SUHVVXUH W\SLFDOO\ GXULQJ D ILQDQFLDO FULVLV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
ERUGHUV DORQJ WKH VLGH RI D URDG RIWHQ FRYHUHG ZLWK JUDVV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
,IDEXLOGLQJRUDQDUHDLVBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBLWVVWDWHKDVJUDGXDOO\
EHFRPHZRUVHEHFDXVHLWKDVQRWEHHQORRNHGDIWHUSDUD
D ODUJH QXPEHU RI SHRSOH RU WKLQJV FRPLQJ WR D SDUWLFXODU SODFH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
WKHSURFHVV E\ ZKLFKDQDUHDRID FLW\ ZKHUH SRRU SHRSOH OLYH EHFRPHVDQDUHD
ZKHUH PLGGOHFODVV SHRSOH OLYH DV WKH\ EX\ WKH KRXVHV DQG UHSDLU WKHP
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
WKH SRVLWLYH TXDOLW\ D SODFH KDV WKDW PDNHV SHRSOH ZDQW WR OLYH WKHUH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBSDUD
76
TEXT 15 • YORKSHIRE TOWN’S FOOD-GROWING SCHEME TAKES ROOT WORLDWIDE
,QFUHGLEOH(GLEOH<RUNVKLUHWRZQ¶VIRRGJURZLQJVFKHPHWDNHVURRWZRUOGZLGH
When two women began turning disused verges in the former mill town of Todmorden into free-food plots, little did they realize they would inspire a global movement of growers
1DRPL/DUVVRQ0D\
$GHHSPLVWKDQJVRYHU7RGPRUGHQRQ D FKLOO\ VSULQJ PRUQLQJ 2QO\ WKH ELUGVRQJ DQG D IHZ GDIIRGLOV JLYH WKH VLJQRIVSULQJ 7KLVGRHVQ¶WVHHPWRERWKHUDJURXSRI  YROXQWHHUV IURP WKH <RUNVKLUH WRZQ ZKR KDYH JDWKHUHG WRJHWKHU DUPHG ZLWK VSDGHV WURZHOV DQG OLWWHU SLFNHUV ,QVWUXFWLRQVRI ZKLFK SDWFK WR DWWDFNDUH GLVWULEXWHG ZKLOH FKLOGUHQ DV \RXQJ DV WKUHH DUH JLYHQ KLJKYLV MDFNHWV ZLWK WKH QDPH ,QFUHGLEOH (GLEOH SULQWHG RQ WKH EDFN 7KHVH DUH 7RGPRUGHQ¶V UDGLFDO JDUGHQHUV D JURXS RI IRRG IUHHGRP ILJKWHUV ZKR¶YH EHHQ SODQWLQJ LQ WKLV WRZQIRUDGHFDGH ,W¶VDVLPSOHLGHDWDNHRYHUXQXVHGRU XQDWWUDFWLYH ELWV RI SXEOLF ODQG WR SODQW IRRGWRIHHGWKHFRPPXQLW\:KDWLVQRW VR VLPSOH LV ZKHUH WKH\¶UH GRLQJ LW 7RGPRUGHQ LV DQ ROG PLOO WRZQ LQ <RUNVKLUH¶V &DOGHUGDOH YDOOH\ ,W UDLQV D ORW WKHUH¶V QRW D ORW RI VXQ DQG LW KDV H[SHULHQFHG PDMRU IORRGLQJ LQ UHFHQW \HDUV %XW VWLOO WKH WRZQ¶V UHVLGHQWV FRQWLQXH WR JURZ IUXLW DQG YHJHWDEOHV DV EHVWWKH\FDQIRUORFDOVWRSLFNDQGHDW ³:H GRVD\WKDWLI \RX FDQJURZLWLQ 7RGPRUGHQ\RX FDQ JURZ LWDQ\ZKHUH´ VD\V(VWHOOH %URZQ RQHRI WKH IRXQGLQJ PHPEHUV RI ,QFUHGLEOH (GLEOH 7RGPRUGHQ,(7  6LQFH D JURXS RI D GR]HQ UHVLGHQWV EHJDQ JDUGHQLQJ LQ 0DUFK  KXQGUHGVRISHRSOH IURP DURXQG WKH 8. DQG DEURDG KDYH WUDYHOOHG KHUH WR VHH KRZ WKH ³7RGGLHV´ GR LW 7KH ZRUG VSUHDG WKURXJK PHGLD FRYHUDJH DQG ,(7 FRPPLWWHHPHPEHUVWRXULQJWRJLYHWDONV 7KH\¶YHKDGFDOOVDQGYLVLWRUVIURP1HZ =HDODQG -DSDQ )UDQFH DQG *HUPDQ\
DQG WKHUH DUH QRZ DV PDQ\ DV  FRPPXQLW\ IRRG JURZLQJ JURXSV DFURVV WKH ZRUOG XVLQJ WKH ,QFUHGLEOH (GLEOH QDPH  1R RQH LV WU\LQJ WR FORQH ZKDW 7RGPRUGHQ GRHV EXW WKH PRGHO LV DGDSWHGWRVXLWGLIIHUHQWQHHGV³,I\RX¶UH GRLQJ LW IRU \RXU FRPPXQLW\ LW¶V JRW WR EHIRU\RXUFRPPXQLW\´ VD\V%URZQ,Q .LQVKDVD WKH 'HPRFUDWLF 5HSXEOLF RI WKH &RQJR WKH JURXS VXSSRUWV IDUPHUV DQG VWUHHW FKLOGUHQ KHOSLQJ WKHP JHW GRFXPHQWDWLRQDQGHGXFDWLQJWKHPDERXW IRRG ³)RRG DXWRQRP\ DQG HDWLQJ RUJDQLFDOO\ WKDW¶V ZKDW LQVSLUHG XV´ $GGLFR &KDUO\ RI ,QFUHGLEOH (GLEOH .LQVKDVDZULWHVE\HPDLO  ,Q )UDQFH WKH PRYHPHQW KDV WDNHQ URRW DV /HV ,QFUR\DEOHV &RPHVWLEOHV ZLWK  JURXSV DURXQG WKH FRXQWU\ 7KHUH DUH VLVWHU JURXSV LQ ,VUDHO 3DOHVWLQH &RORPELD DQG %UD]LO ± DOO JURZLQJIRRGWRVKDUHZLWKRWKHUV  7KH 7RGGLHV GLGQ¶W VHW RXW WR VWDUW D IRRGJURZLQJ UHYROXWLRQ ± WKH\ ZDQWHG WR EULQJ WKHLU VPDOO WRZQ WRJHWKHU DW D GLIILFXOW WLPH IRU FRPPXQLWLHV WKURXJKRXW WKH 8. ³ ZDV WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI WKH ZRUOGZLGH HFRQRPLF GHFOLQH´VD\V0DU\&OHDUFKDLURI,(7 ³$QG LQ WKLV WRZQ ZH ZHUH VWDUWLQJ WR VHHWKHVTXHH]HRQSXEOLFVHUYLFHV±WKHUH ZDV PRUH OLWWHU ± DQG ZH WKRXJKW KRZ FDQ ZH GR VRPHWKLQJ WKDW ZLOO FUHDWH VWURQJHUFRPPXQLWLHV"´ *URZLQJIRRGZDVWKHLUDQVZHU&OHDU QRZ  DQG UHWLUHG ZKR SUHYLRXVO\ ZRUNHG LQ FKLOG SURWHFWLRQ ORZHUHG RQH RI WKH ZDOOV LQ KHU IURQW JDUGHQ UHPRYLQJURVHEXVKHVWRPDNHDEHGZLWK KHUEV DQG VLJQV VD\LQJ ³+HOS \RXUVHOI´
77
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B2+
7KHJURXSWKHQWXUQHGWKHLUPLQGVWRWKH JUDVV YHUJHV ZKLFK VHHPHG WR RQO\ DWWUDFW GRJ SRR DQG WXUQHG WKHP LQWR KHUEJDUGHQVWRR  ,(7 QRZ KDV DSSUR[LPDWHO\  VLWHV DURXQGWKHWRZQIURP YHJHWDEOHSDWFKHV RXWVLGHWKHSROLFHVWDWLRQWRSRWVRIKHUEV DWWKHWUDLQVWDWLRQ  (YHU\ ILUVW DQG WKLUG 6XQGD\ RI WKH PRQWK FRPH UDLQ VKLQH RU VQRZ ,(7 YROXQWHHUV RI ZKLFK WKHUH DUH DQ HVWLPDWHGLQWKHWRZQRIJHW WRJHWKHU IRU D PRUQLQJ RI ³JXHULOOD JDUGHQLQJ´ DV LW KDV EHHQ GXEEHG :H ZDONGRZQWKH FDQDO IROORZLQJ FKLOGUHQ FDUU\LQJ OLWWHU SLFNHUV (YHU\ VR RIWHQ WKH\ SDXVH WR SLFN XS FLJDUHWWH EXWWV RU FKRFRODWHZUDSSHUV  ,QFUHGLEOH (GLEOH LV GULYHQ E\ WKH DWWLWXGHWKDWLW¶VHDVLHUWRDVNIRUJLYHQHVV WKDQSHUPLVVLRQ$Q\,(7VLJQVQDLOHGWR ZDOOV DURXQG WRZQ ZHUH GRQH ZLWKRXW SHUPLVVLRQ IURP WKH FRXQFLO EHQFKHV HPEOD]RQHG ZLWK WKHLU ORJR ZHUH LQVWDOOHG ZLWKRXW DVNLQJ (YHQ WKH EHGV RXWVLGH WKH SROLFH VWDWLRQ ZHUH SXW WRJHWKHU DQG PDLQWDLQHG ZLWKRXW IRUPDO SHUPLVVLRQ  ³<RX FDQ REH\ WKH UXOHV DQG GR QRWKLQJ RU \RX FDQ VD\ µ,¶P JRLQJ WR PDNH D GLIIHUHQFH UHJDUGOHVV¶ $QG \RX NQRZ WKH SULVRQV DUH IXOO 7KH\¶YH JRW HQRXJKRQWKHLUKDQGVZLWKRXWDUUHVWLQJD ORDG RI JUDQQLHV IRU FOHDQLQJ XS´ VD\V &OHDU  7RGPRUGHQ LV VWLOO VFDUUHG E\ WKH PHPRU\ RI LWV GHFOLQLQJ LQGXVWULDO SDVW %XLOGLQJV OLH DEDQGRQHG DQG GHFD\HG DOPRVW  RI UHVLGHQWV DUH LQFRPH GHSULYHG DQG DQ HVWLPDWHG  RI FKLOGUHQLQWKHWRZQOLYHLQSRYHUW\,(7 DLPV WR EH LQFOXVLYH IRU SHRSOH RI DOO EDFNJURXQGV ,(7KDVEURXJKWDQLQIOX[RISHRSOH WRWKHWRZQ,W¶VSHUKDSVWKHRQO\SODFH NQRZQIRUYHJHWDEOHWRXULVP%XWORFDO EXVLQHVVHVDUHGRLQJEHWWHUDVDUHVXOWD  VXUYH\ RI UHVLGHQWV IRXQG PRUH
WKDQ KDOI RI UHVSRQGHQWV  EX\ ORFDO IRRG DW OHDVW RQFH D ZHHN FRPSDUHG ZLWK  RI FRQVXPHUV DFURVVWKH8.$VWXG\DOVRIRXQG KDGEHJXQWRJURZWKHLURZQIRRG GXHWR,(7 %XWQRWHYHU\RQHLVKDSS\ZLWKWKH ZRUNWKH\ KDYH GRQH 7DON LQWKH ORFDO SXE VXJJHVWHG LW¶V VHHQ DV D VLJQ RI RXWVLGHUV FRPLQJ LQ DQG FKDQJLQJ VRPHWKLQJ WKDW LVQ¶W WKHLUV ,Q D VXUYH\ RI UHVLGHQWV LQ  VRPH H[SUHVVHG FRQFHUQV DERXW JHQWULILFDWLRQ DQG ,(7 LQFUHDVLQJ WKH GHVLUDELOLW\ RI 7RGPRUGHQ  9ROXQWHHU -RKQ 5LFH  KDV RQO\ EHHQ OLYLQJ LQ 7RGPRUGHQ IRU D IHZ PRQWKV ³7KHUH¶V D IHZ SHRSOH KHUH WRGD\ZKR¶YHJRWQRPRQH\ZKDWVRHYHU DQGWKH\ JHW VWXII RXW RILW7KH\HQMR\ LW , GLGQ¶W NQRZ SRYHUW\ OLNH WKDW H[LVWHG EXW LW GRHV DQG LW¶V JRRG IRU WKHP WKH\ IHHO OLNH WKH\ EHORQJ WR VRPHWKLQJ $V , GR \RX EHORQJ WR WKLV PRYHPHQW´  7KUHH YROXQWHHUV ZLWK OHDUQLQJ GLVDELOLWLHV DUH VZHHSLQJ XS ± WKH\ VD\ WKH\FRPHWRHYHU\JDUGHQLQJ6XQGD\QR PDWWHUZKDWWKH ZHDWKHU ³,W JHWV PHRXW WKH KRXVH´ 6WHSKHQ WHOOV PH ³7KH\ DUH QLFHSHRSOHDQG,OLNHJDUGHQLQJ´ 7KHJDUGHQLQJGRQHIRUWKHPRUQLQJ ZHPHHWEDFNDWWKHFKXUFKEHIRUH OXQFK LV VHUYHG ± ORFDOO\ VRXUFHG DQG IUHH IRU DQ\RQHWRHDW ³7KLQJVKDYHFKDQJHGKXJHO\LQWKH SDVW GHFDGH´ VD\V &OHDU ³%XW WKH UHDO FXOWXUH FKDQJH LV DERXW NLQGQHVV 7KHUH¶V QR QHHGWR EH D YLFWLP 3HRSOH GRLQJ VWXII IRU HDFK RWKHU IRU WKHLU WRZQEULQJLQJDWLQ\ELWRIMR\±WKDW¶V LPSRUWDQW :LWK HDFK SHUVRQ FRQWULEXWLQJDWLQ\ELW\RXFDQGRKXJH WKLQJV´
*XDUGLDQ1HZVDQG0HGLD )LUVW SXEOLVKHG LQ The Guardian 
78
TEXT 15 • YORKSHIRE TOWN’S FOOD-GROWING SCHEME TAKES ROOT WORLDWIDE
&RPSUHKHQVLRQFKHFN  $QVZHUWKHTXHVWLRQVXVLQJLQIRUPDWLRQIURPWKHDUWLFOH
:KDWGR\RXNQRZDERXW7RGPRUGHQ"
:KRVWDUWHGWKH,(7PRYHPHQWDQGKRZ"
:K\GLGWKH\VWDUW,(7"
,QZKDW ZD\V FDQ \RX VHH WKDW ,(7 WULHV WR EH LQFOXVLYH DQG SURPRWHDVHQVHRI
FRPPXQLW\"
:KDWLQIRUPDWLRQLQWKHDUWLFOHOHDGV\RXWREHOLHYHLQWKHVXFFHVVRIWKHSURMHFW"
+RZKDVWKHPRYHPHQWDIIHFWHGORFDOEXVLQHVVHV"
:K\LVQ¶WHYHU\RQHSOHDVHGDERXW,(7"
 ,QFOXVLYHODQJXDJH  )LQGWKHIROORZLQJWZRZRUGH[SUHVVLRQVLQWKHDUWLFOH
ZKHQ\RXGRQRWKDYH HQRXJK PRQH\ WR EX\ RU REWDLQWKHEDVLFWKLQJV WKDW \RX
QHHGLQOLIHEHFDXVH\RXGRQ¶WZRUNRUHDUQYHU\OLWWOH
FRQGLWLRQVWKDW SUHYHQW VRPHRQH IURP OHDUQLQJ EDVLF VNLOOV RU LQIRUPDWLRQ DW WKH
VDPHUDWHDVRWKHUSHRSOH
&ROORFDWLRQV
0DWFKWKHZRUGVWRPDNHJDUGHQLQJFROORFDWLRQVIURPWKHDUWLFOH
 URVH D JDUGHQLQJ
 JUDVV E JDUGHQ
 JXHULOOD F EXVK
 KHUE G ODQG
 SXEOLF H SDWFK
 YHJHWDEOH I YHUJH
'LVFXVVLRQ
9$UHWKHUH DQ\ DUHDVRI\RXUWRZQ WKDWDUHXJO\ RU GLVXVHG DQGWKDWFRXOGEH
XVHGIRUDFRPPXQLW\JDUGHQVSDFH"
79
A. V. GUSLYAKOVA • EXTENSIVE READING B2+
9:KDWZRXOGKDYHWREHGRQHWRPDNHDVFKHPHOLNHWKLVVXFFHVVIXO LQ \RXU
FRPPXQLW\"
*URXSWDVN
<RX¶YH EHHQ LQVSLUHG E\ ,(7 DQG \RX¶G OLNH WR VWDUW D FRPPXQLW\ JDUGHQLQJ
SURMHFWZKHUH\RXOLYH%XW\RXFDQ¶WGRLWDORQH6RILUVW\RXQHHGWRJHWRWKHU
SHRSOHLQWHUHVWHGLQWKHSURMHFW
:RUN LQ JURXSV DQG PDNH D SRVWHU WKDW SURYLGHV WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ EHORZ LQ DQ
LQWHUHVWLQJDQGHQWLFLQJZD\5HIHU EDFNWRWDVNVDQGIRUUHOHYDQWODQJXDJH
DQGLGHDV
9ZKHUHDQGZKHQ\RXZLOOPHHW
9ZKRFDQMRLQLQDQGZKDWH[SHULHQFHWKH\QHHG
9ZKDWWKH\VKRXOGZHDUDQGEULQJZLWKWKHP
9ZKDWWKHVKRUWWHUPDQGORQJWHUPDLPVRIWKHSURMHFWDUH
9ZKDWSHUVRQDOEHQHILWVSHRSOHZLOOJHWIURPMRLQLQJLQ
9ZKDWSRVLWLYHFKDQJHV\RXKRSHWKHSURMHFWZLOOEULQJWR\RXUFRPPXQLW\
<RX PLJKW ZDQW WR ORRN IRU LQVSLUDWLRQ IRU \RXU SRVWHU RQ WKH ,(7 ZHEVLWH
ZZZLQFUHGLEOHHGLEOHWRGPRUGHQFRXNKRPH
7H[W6FLHQWLVWVXQUDYHOVHFUHWVRIµVXSHUDJHUV¶
:DUPHU
7KHVHFRXQWULHVDUHDOOLQWKHWRSLQWKHZRUOGIRUOLIHH[SHFWDQF\3XWWKHPLQ
RUGHUIURPKLJKHVWOLIHH[SHFWDQF\WRORZHVW
 D )UDQFH
 E $XVWUDOLD
 F 1HZ=HDODQG
 G ,FHODQG
 H -DSDQ
 I 6ZLW]HUODQG
80
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]