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Файл:English Grammar step III Грамматика английского языка шаг III. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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II. Change the following sentences to make them true about yourself. Use
“for” or “since”.
1. I have been learning English….
2. My family has been living in….
3. I have been doing this exercise….
4. I have been wearing this….
5. We have been studying with the present teacher of English…..
III.Match the questions (1-10) with the answers (A-J).
1. I have been reading this book...
2. She has been learning Spanish...
3. They have been waiting at the bus stop...
4. He has been fixing his bike...
5. We have been cleaning the house...
6. The children have been playing outside...
7. It has been snowing...
8. You have been working too hard...
9. He has been watching TV...
10. The dog has been barking...
A. for three hours, and now it’s finally working.
B. all day, so you should take a break.
C. since early this morning.
D. for two weeks, and she is improving a lot.
E. for over an hour, but the bus hasn't arrived yet.
F. for five hours, and I’m almost finished.
G. for hours, and they’re covered in mud.
H. non-stop, and the neighbors are getting annoyed.
I. all morning, and now the living room looks spotless.
J. for three days, and everything is covered in white.
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BLOCK II
He has been V-ing
Has he been V-ing ?
He has not been V-ing.
For questions use HAVE / HAS + Subject + been V-ing
Have you been running? Your T-shirt is wet. – Ты что, бегал? У тебя
футболка влажная.
For negatives use HAVE / HAS + NOT + been V-ing
- Has he been living here since childhood?– Он живет здесь с
детства?
-No, he hasn’t. He has not been living here for 2 years. – Нет. Он
живет здесь менее двух лет.
We often use Present Perfect Continuous in “how long” questions.
How long have you been going out together? - Сколько вы уже
встречаетесь?
We also use Present Perfect Continuous to:
⚫ talk about actions that have just stopped, to explain the present situation.
Have you been crying? Your eyes are red. - Ты что, плакала? У тебя
глаза красные.
⚫ talk about temporary actions, in contrast to the permanent ones.
Compare:
I have been living here for 3 weeks so far. - Я здесь живу недавно, только 3
недели.
I have lived here since I was born. - Я жила здесь всю свою жизнь.
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We use Present Perfect Continuous to focus on the duration, or longevity
of the action; we use Present Perfect Simple to focus on its final result.
.
Compare:
Present Perfect Continuous
I have been learning English for ages.
- Я учу английский целую вечность.
I am still in the process of learning. We
emphasize how long the process is.
Present Perfect Simple
He has learned 3 foreign languages. Он выучил 3 иностранных языка.
As a result of his learning, he now knows 3
foreign languages. We emphasize how smart
the person is.
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. You haven’t been speaking for 3 hours, say something.
2. Has it been raining since yesterday?
3. I have been thinking about your offer for a week.
4. Alexandria has been watching TV since we came home.
5. He is tired because he has been playing tennis for 3 hours.
6. How long have you been learning Japanese?
7. We haven’t been eating a lot of vegetables lately, I’m afraid.
8. You can come in; I haven’t been sleeping.
9. Your eyes are red. Have you been crying?
10. You haven’t been getting good results over the last few months, have you?
II. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct forms.
1. He ______ (to wear) the same coat for 3 years already.
2. Timothy ______ (to sleep) for 13 hours, wake him up!
3. Have a break, you ______ (to translate) this text since morning.
4. Harry ______ (to write) her for a couple of years.
5. Oh, the kitchen is a mess! Who ______ (to cook)?
6. My teenage daughter ______ (not, to talk) to me for weeks.
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7. What ______ (to do) for the last 2 hours?
8. How long ______ our boss ______ (to run) the company?
9. Where ______ you ______ (to live) in Moscow lately?
10. ______ you ______ (to play) cards the whole lesson?!
III. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Он делает домашнюю работу уже 2 часа.
2. Она работает здесь с 2008 года.
3. Ты уже 3 часа подряд играешь?
4. Майк весь день сидит в своей комнате.
5. Он пил слишком много кофе в последнее время и поэтому сейчас
такой агрессивный.
6. Мой помощник пытается связаться с тобой с понедельника.
7. Что за запах? Ты курил?
8. Мы 2 недели работаем и до сих пор не закончили.
9. Своди дочь в зоопарк, она уже несколько месяцев просит об этом.
10. И сколько ты уже ждешь ответа?
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PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS
had + been V-ing
BLOCK I
Finished events, recently completed actions that lasted over a period and
were in progress up to a certain moment in the past.
Sorry that I left. I had been waiting for 2 hours! – Прости, что ушел.
Я прождал 2 часа!
! Tense markers: for, since
The lecturer had been talking for 20 minutes when the door opened,
and Jeremy came running in. – Лектор говорил уже 20 минут,
когда дверь открылась и влетел Джереми.
.
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. She had been studying for hours before the exam started.
2. They had been waiting for the bus for twenty minutes when it finally
arrived.
3. He was exhausted because he had been running for a long time.
4. We had been working on the project all morning before the manager
checked in.
5. The ground was wet because it had been raining all night.
6. She had been practicing the piano for two hours when her teacher arrived.
7. I had been reading that book for weeks before I finally finished it.
8. They were tired because they had been hiking since sunrise.
9. He had been driving for hours when he realized he was lost.
10. By the time we arrived, the children had been playing in the park for an
hour.
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II. Think of the possible reasons of the following situations and complete
the sentences using Past Perfect Continuous.
Example: My mom didn’t believe me because….
I had been lying to her for a long time/
1. She was tired because...
2. They were upset because...
3. By the time we got to the restaurant...
4. He failed the test because...
5. The streets were slippery because...
6. I was frustrated because...
7. When the teacher entered the classroom...
8. By the time the movie ended...
9. He apologized because...
10. The house was a mess because...
III.Match the beginnings of the sentences (1-10) with their endings (A-J).
1. I had been working on the report all day...
2. They had been traveling for months...
3. She had been practicing the piano for hours...
4. We had been waiting in line for a long time...
5. He had been saving money for a year...
6. The dog had been barking non-stop...
7. I had been living in London for ten years...
8. She had been feeling anxious all week...
9. They had been renovating the house since spring...
10. He had been training intensely for the marathon...
A...before she finally got to perform.
B. ...when the neighbors complained.
C. ...before he finally bought a new car.
D. ...when the concert finally started.
E. ...before she went to the doctor.
F. ...before I moved to New York.
G. ...when the race finally began.
H. ...before they decided to take a break.
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I. ...when I finally finished it.
J. ...when they finally reached their destination.
BLOCK II
He had been V-ing
Had he been V-ing ?
He had not been V-ing.
For questions use HAD + Subject + been V-ing
Had you been trying to contact him before you left? – Ты пыталась
связаться с ним до отъезда?
For negatives use HAD + NOT + been V-ing
- Had you been sleeping yesterday before I called? – Ты спала вчера
утром, до моего звонка?
- No, I hadn’t. I had not been sleeping that night. – Нет. Я не спала
всю ночь.
We use Past Perfect Continuous to focus on the duration, or longevity of
the action; we use Past Perfect Simple to focus on the completion.
.
Compare:
Past Perfect Continuous
I had been saving for a year to buy a
new car! How could you take this
money? - Я год копил на новую
машину! Как ты мог взять эти
деньги?
Past Perfect Simple
I had saved enough money to finally
buy a new car. –
Я накопил достаточно денег на
новую машину.
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PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. I had been waiting for you for 2 hours before I finally decided to go home.
2. It was clear that the children had been fighting
3. I had been trying for an hour before I gave up.
4. We had been playing football for half an hour when it started raining.
5. By 2010 he had been working here for 10 years.
6. The snow was deep. It had been snowing all night.
7. Patrick had been watching the match for an hour when the screen suddenly
went black.
8. How long had you been learning English before you applied for a job in
our company?
9. She said she had been trying to find me.
10. She caught a cold because she had been walking in the rain.
II. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct forms.
1. We ______ (to drive) for an hour when we ______ (to see) a hotel.
2. He ______ (to come) late for a week before the boss ______ (to catch) him.
3. Last month Andrew ______ (to work) hard.
4. You ______ (to smoke) for 20 years. It’s amazing you managed to give it
up.
5. He ______ (to study) really hard and finally ______ (to pass) the exam.
6. I suddenly realized that I ______ (not, to pay) any attention to her.
7. . Charlotte was carrying heavy bags. She______ (to shop).
8. I had a headache because I ______ (to work) on the computer all day.
9. . Zoe ______ (to look) for her passport for half an hour and then she ______
(to find) in in her handbag!
10. They ______ (to go) out together for a year before she met his parents.
III. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Я просидел там 20 минут, прежде чем директор пригласил меня
войти.
2. Папа целый час искал свои бумаги, пока я не помог ему.
3. Он работал 10 часов подряд, пока, наконец, не закончил проект.
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4. К тому времени как я вернулся из армии, она уже год встречалась с
моим другом.
5. Он рассказал нам, что уже 5 лет ездит сюда отдыхать.
1. Мы успели поспать всего 3 часа, прежде чем он разбудил нас. 7. Она
сказала, что весь день ходила по магазинам.
2. Дэвид выглядел уставшим, так как с начала недели готовился к
экзамену.
3. Я выиграла потому, что тренировалась весь год.
4. Вы заболели потому, что слишком много работали.
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FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS
will have + been V-ing
BLOCK I
Continuing actions that last over a period and will be in progress up to a
certain moment in the past.
Hurry up! I will have been waiting for 2 hours soon! –
Поторапливайся! Я уже без малого 2 часа жду!
! Tense markers: for, since
We will have been trying to get the visas for 2 months by next Sunday. –
В воскресенье будет 2 месяца с тех пор, как мы пытаемся получить
визы.
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. By the time we finish our meeting, I will have been working on this project
for five hours.
2. By next summer, she will have been studying English for two years.
3. By the end of the month, they will have been living in their new house for
six months.
4. By the time he graduates, he will have been learning to play the guitar for
four years.
5. By next week, we will have been waiting for the package for three days.
6. By the time the movie ends, I will have been sitting here for over two
hours.
7. By the end of the year, she will have been teaching at the school for a full
year.
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