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Файл:English Grammar step III Грамматика английского языка шаг III. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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2. she / not / clean / her room / today
3. they / travel / to a new country / this year
4. he / learn / a new word / recently
5. we / not / eat / pizza / lately
6. the dog / bark / a lot / this morning
7. you / ever / ride / a bike (?)
8. I / not / drink / coffee / so far / today
9. she / buy / new shoes / this month
10. the teacher / explain / the lesson / clearly / today
IV.Match the sentences (1-10) with the responses (A-J).
1. Have you cleaned your room today?
2. She has lost her keys.
3. Have they finished their homework?
4. I have not seen my friend this week.
5. Has he visited the new park yet?
6. We have eaten all the cookies.
7. She has broken her phone.
8. Have you ever eaten sushi?
9. I have not travelled by plane so far.
10. He has bought a new car this year.
A. Yes, they finished it an hour ago.
B. No, I haven't. But I want to try it sometime.
C. Yes, it is tidy now.
D. Yes, he went there yesterday. It's very nice.
E. I know, we need to buy more at the supermarket.
F. Oh no, now she can't call anyone!
G. That's right, she can't find them anywhere.
H. It's okay, I can give him a ride to school.
I. I know, it's very impressive. He is very happy.
J. I hope to do it soon. It must be exciting!
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BLOCK III
We also use Present Perfect to:
• talk about something that started in the past and continues into the present.
I have known him since childhood. – Я знаю его с детства.
Have you ever been to France? – Вы когда-нибудь были в Париже?
(с начала жизни – до сих пор)
• talk about indefinite events in the past without saying WHEN exactly it
happened.
Compare:
I have stayed at this hotel, it’s not bad. – Мне приходилось останавливаться
в этом отеле, он не плох.
Albert Einstein stayed at this hotel in 1922 when he visited the city on his way
to China. – Альберт Эйнштейн останавливался в этом отеле в 1922 году,
когда он посетил город проездом по пути в Китай.
• Talk about important events, emphasizing facts or achievements, or
breaking the news.
The war has ended! – Война закончилась!
Claire has had a baby! – У Клэр родился ребенок!
To add less important details, we use Past Simple.
-When did it happen? – Когда это случилось?
- She had him yesterday. – Она родила вчера.
! “have been” = visited and came back, “have gone” = left and is still away
Compare:
We have been to Norway, it’s a beautiful country. – Мы бывали в Норвегии,
это красивая страна.
My mom has gone to Norway for a business trip, so I cook for our family while
she is away. – Мама уехала в командировку в Норвегию, поэтому я
готовлю для всей семьи, пока ее нет.
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Compare:
Present Perfect
Have you seen this film?
The fact is important for our present, our
further actions depend on the answer.
We have known each other for ages.
We are still good friends at the present.
Alice? She is not here, she’s gone
home.
We don’t know when, or it’s not important.
Past Simple
When did you see the film?
We are curious about some details of the
past having no influence on our present
decisions.
Poor Yorick! I knew him.
Yorick is dead, so Hamlet refers to the past.
Alice went home 5 minutes ago. You
can catch her, if you hurry up.
We say definite time when the event
happened.
PRACTICE
I. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct forms. Use Present
Perfect or Past Simple.
1. I __________ (never / be) to Australia, but I'd love to go someday.
2. They __________ (go) to the park yesterday afternoon and played football.
3. She __________ (live) in London for five years now.
4. We __________ (not see) that film yet. Is it good?
5. He __________ (finish) his project so he has to work long hours.
6. __________ you __________ (ever / try) Mexican food?
7. The train __________ (already / leave), no need to hurry any more.
8. I __________ (buy) a new phone last week because my old one broke.
9. She __________ (not eat) anything since breakfast and she's very hungry.
10. They __________ (meet) at a party in 2022 and got married last year.
11. We _______ (live) in this town since 2010.
12. She _______ (not call) me yesterday.
13. _______ you ever ______ (fly) in a helicopter?
14. He _______ (just/arrive). The door is open.
15. They _______ (not be) to the museum yet.
16. I _______ (buy) a new dress. Look! What do you think?
17. Where _______ you _______ (spend) your last holiday?
18. My parents _______ (be) married for 30 years.
19. The rain _______ (stop) an hour ago, so we can go out now.
20. She _______ (go) to the supermarket. She’ll be back soon.
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II.Match the statements (1-10) with the follow-up sentences (A-J).
1. She has already cleaned the house.
2. They went to the park last weekend.
3. I have never eaten sushi.
4. He lost his wallet yesterday.
5. We haven’t finished the project yet.
6. Did you visit your grandparents last week?
7. They have just arrived at the station.
8. She bought a new dress last month.
9. Have you ever been to London?
10. He hasn’t called me yet.
A. It was blue and very pretty.
B. It was sunny and warm.
C. I’d like to try it one day.
D. It’s spotless now.
E. I’m still waiting for his call.
F. They’re waiting for the train.
G. No, I didn’t have time.
H. We need more time to complete it.
I. Yes, I went there two years ago.
J. He couldn’t find it anywhere.
III. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Она всем уже рассказал эту историю.
2. Я только что видел его в магазине.
3. Майкл никогда не спрашивал меня об этом.
4. Я просила тебя передвинуть шкаф 2 дня назад!
5. Вы уже бывали в Праге?
6. Ты проиграл!
7. Что случилось с твоим чувством юмора?
8. Я помню как в школе однажды выиграл в шахматы у тренера.
9. На этой неделе у меня было много работы.
10. Я пока что не просила о помощи!
11. Я не могу дать тебе эту книгу, я уже обещал ее Анджеле.
12. Кейт ушла в аптеку, она скоро вернется, подожди ее!
13. Ураган обрушился на северное побережье страны.
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14. Куда делся мой телефон? Ты не видела его?
15. Ты сегодня вел себя очень плохо и гулять не пойдешь.
16. Я сдал эссе еще 5 дней назад. Вы его не проверили?
17. Делегация прибыла в столицу с официальным визитом.
18. Мой брат недавно съездил к бабушке с дедушкой и привез от них
много вкусного.
19. Я закончил тест. Можно выйти?
20. На прошлый день рождения муж подарил ей собаку.
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PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
had + V-ed/V3
BLOCK I
Events in the past that happened before other past events to make it clear which
happened first.
Alex had lived in Rostov before he moved to Moscow. – Алекс жил в
Ростове до того, как переехал в Москву.
So, Past Perfect Simple goes one step back further into the past than Present
Perfect or Past Simple.
We finally got to the station, but the train had left. – Мы наконец
добрались на вокзал, но поезд уже ушел.
When my friend introduced the girl to me, I felt I had met her before. -
Когда друг познакомил меня с этой девушкой, я почувствовал, что
встречал ее ранее.
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Sarah couldn't find her keys because she had left them at work.
2. The ambulance arrived too late, the injured man had died.
3. The movie had already started when we got to the theater.
4. The thieves had escaped before the police showed up at the bank.
5. My grandmother taught me this recipe. She had learned it from her mother.
6. The flowers died because nobody had watered them.
7. James missed his flight because he had forgotten to set his alarm.
8. I haven’t done the homework, Mrs. Clark. My dog had eaten my textbook!
9. She has won! That’s because she had practised a lot.
10. The restaurant had closed by the time we arrived for dinner.
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11. The rain had stopped just before we went out, so we left the umbrellas at
home.
12. Tom couldn't join the basketball team because he had broken his leg.
13. He was so upset! He said his wife had left him.
14. Mary knew the answer because she had read the book last summer.
15. The company went bankrupt because they had made poor investments.
16. The milk went bad because someone had left it out overnight.
17. We couldn't get tickets because the show had sold out.
18. The garden grew wild because nobody had looked after it for years.
19. The paint had dried before I noticed the mistake in the design.
20. We had rehearsed many times before I decided the sound was okey.
II. Change the following sentences to make them true about yourself.
1. Before I started to work/study this morning, I had….
2. My parents had….. than I….. in their age.
3. I had wanted to….. before I finally managed to put it into real life.
4. I had imagined…..before I….
5. Before I got to the university, I had…..
BLOCK II
He had V-ed/V3
Had he V-ed/V3 ?
He had not V-ed/V3.
For questions use HAD + Subject + V-ed/V3
- You have passed! Congratulations! Had you had a private tutor to help
you prepare? – Ты сдал! Поздравляю! Ты готовился с репетитором?
For negatives use HAD + NOT + V-ed/V3
- Had you had breakfast before you left? – Ты позавтракал перед
уходом?
- No, I hadn’t. I had not had anything. – Нет. Я ничего не ел.
! Tense markers: by - the action finished by certain time in the past.
had + not = hadn’t
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Compare:
I had finished the project by the end of the day. - Я закончил проект к
концу дня. I managed in time.
I finished the project last month. - Я закончил проект в прошлом месяце. A
casual remark about some past event.
I have finished the project! Now we can celebrate! - Я закончил проект!
Теперь можно и отметить! The past influences the present.
PRACTICE
I. Match the statements (1-10) with the follow-up sentences (A-J).
1. I had studied English before I moved to the USA.
2. She had never traveled alone before her trip to Europe.
3. They had already eaten dinner when we arrived.
4. He had been waiting for hours before the doctor saw him.
5. We had not finished our project before the deadline.
6. The hotel room had been cleaned before we checked in.
7. She had just graduated from college before she got married.
8. They had already sold their house before they moved to another city.
9. I had never ridden a bike before I took the cycling class.
10. The play had already started before we arrived at the theatre.
A. So, I was able to understand the language.
B. That's why she was nervous on the plane.
C. Therefore, we had to order takeout.
D. As a result, he was very tired and angry.
E. Unfortunately, we had to work all night to complete it.
F. It was nice and tidy when we walked in.
G. She was able to start her new life with her husband.
H. They were able to buy a new house with the money.
I. Now I can ride a bike confidently.
J. We missed the first act and were confused
II. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
1. By the time we got to the airport, the plane __________(already/leave).
2. She was tired because she __________ (not/sleep) well the night before.
3. __________ (you/finish) your homework before the teacher collected it?
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4. They__________ (not/eat) anything before dinner was served.
5. When I arrived at the party, everyone __________ (already/start) dancing.
6. He __________ (never/see) the ocean until he went to California.
7. The students __________ (not/read) the book before the exam.
8. By the time the movie started, we __________ (find) our seats.
9. __________ (she/ever/be) to New York before her trip last year?
10. I was upset because I __________ (lose) my phone earlier that day.
BLOCK III
We also use Past Perfect in the narrative to set the scene, or describe events that
happened before the start of the story.
Oscar had always wanted to get rich, so when fortune gave him the chance,
he was ready to risk everything. - Оскар всегда хотел разбогатеть, так
что когда судьба дала ему шанс, она был готов рискнуть всем.
We often use Past Perfect after the verbs like hope, expect, mean, remember,
think, realize, understand, etc.
Only when I got to the airport, I realized I had left my passport at home. Лишь когда я приехал в аэропорт я понял, что оставил паспорт дома.
! Past Perfect is used when it is important to clarify the order of events in the
past. However, to talk about a single activity, or chronological sequence of
events that go in the same order with the verbs in the sentence, we use Past
Simple.
I got up, brushed my teeth, made a cup of tea and had my breakfast. - Я
встал, почистил зубы, приготовил чашку чая и позавтракал.
Compare:
Past Perfect
When I came home, my mom had
cooked dinner.
The dinner was already waiting for me.
Когда я пришел домой, мама уже
приготовила ужин.
Past Simple
When I came home, my mom cooked
dinner.
She started cooking after I came home
Я пришел домой, и мама
приготовила ужин
Philippe had been famous when they
got married.
He got famous before the marriage.
Филипп уже был знаменит к тому
моменту, когда они поженились.
Philippe became famous when they got
married.
He got famous after the marriage (as a result)
Филипп прославился после того,
как они поженились
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PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. He studied better than his brother had at his age.
2. By the end of 2002 we had finished the project.
3. He told us that he had left his wife.
4. The child had drunk it before we could stop him.
5. Don couldn’t remember what had happened to him.
6. I had had a good breakfast that morning and was feeling well.
7. I was sure I had seen the woman before.
8. I had had my Master’s degree by the time I was 22.
9. I remember he had already informed me about this problem.
10. Had the game begun when it started to rain?
II. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct forms.
1. When we _________ (to finish) the talks, we shook hands.
2. Jacob _________ (not, to finish) his test when the teacher collected the
works.
3. He told us that he_________ (never, to drink) alcohol.
4. I understood the rule after my mother _________ (to explain) it to me once
again.
5. _________ she _________ (to meet) your boyfriend before she _________
(to enter) the University?
6. I _________ (to start) speaking English fluently before I _________ (to
come) to Britain.
7. Natalie _________ (to finish) cooking earlier than we _________ (to
expect).
8. She _________ (to be) ill for a year before she _________ (to find) a good
doctor.
9. We _________ (to return) home by the time the storm _________ (to
come) upon.
10. _________you _________ (to check) the letter before you _________ (to
post) it?
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