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Файл:English Grammar step III Грамматика английского языка шаг III. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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BLOCK III
Predictions are often used with think, believe, hope, suppose, etc.
I believe some day people will find the way to stop wars. – Я полагаю,
однажды люди найдут способ прекратить войны.
! For negative sentences “not” is added to opinion words:
I don’t think he will win. – Думаю, ему не выиграть.
To show certainty we can use will + probably/possibly/definitely or
probably/possibly/definitely + won’t
They will probably be late. – Они, возможно, опоздают.
I definitely won’t make this mistake again. – Подобную ошибку я точно
больше не совершу.
SHALL is used with I and WE to make an offer/suggestion, or to ask about
instructions.
Shall we go out tonight? – Сходим погулять сегодня вечером?
Shall I wait here? – Мне здесь подождать?
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Will we have free time tomorrow?
2. I will definitely take this offer!
3. I probably won’t get married early.
4. Shall I read or translate the text?
5. Will you visit us again?
6. Will you do me a favour and correct the mistakes in my report?
7. Shall we discuss the issue before we start the work?
8. I don’t expect the teacher will understand my situation.
9. What shall I tell him?
10. Where shall we have your birthday party?
II.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
1. Next summer I ______ (to be) 30.
2. I ______ (to tell) him your secret, I promise.
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3. Wait and you ______ (to see) what happens.
4. What ______ we ______ (to do) next?
5. ______ I ______ (to stay) with you?
6. ______ you ______ (to sit) down, please?
7. 7 John Smith ______ (to be) our next president.
8. Alex ______ (to pass) his exam, he is just not ready!
9. ______ there ______ (to be) any problems?
10. I ______ (to pick) you up tomorrow, my car broke down.
III. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Думаю, завтра будет дождь.
2. Наверное, они не придут.
3. Я обязательно стану знаменитым.
4. Давай я тебе помогу?
5. Возможно, он позвонить завтра.
6. Надеюсь, ты скоро поправишься.
7. Я непременно извинюсь.
8. Что закажем на ужин?
9. Интересно, что случится в следующем году?
10. Полагаю, ответ будет отрицательным.
11. Я подумаю над вашим предложением.
12. Завтра мы дадим вам ответ.
13. Ты не дашь мне свой словарь на минутку?
14. Принести вам чашку кофе?
15. Мои родители будут счастливы познакомиться с тобой.
16. Может, возьмем такси?
17. Завтра меня не будет дома.
18. Боюсь, я опоздаю.
19. Мы начнем через минуту.
20. Твоей жене это не понравится!
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SIMPLE TENSES REVISION
SIMPLE
P
R
E
S
E
N
T
Every (day), always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, seldom, etc.
+
V (s)
He often helps us. – Он часто помогает нам.
?
Do/Does … V?
Does he often help you?– Он часто помогает вам?
-
Don’t/Doesn’t +V
He doesn’t help us. – Он нам не помогает.
P
A
S
T
yesterday, last (year), (a minute) ago, in (1979)
+
V2/(-ed)
He helped us yesterday. – Он нам помог вчера.
?
Did … V?
Did he help you yesterday? – Он вам помог вчера?
-
Didn’t+ V
He didn’t help us yesterday. – Он не помог нам вчера.
F
U
T
U
R
E
tomorrow, next (week), in (2 days)
+
Will + V
He will help us tomorrow. – Он нам поможет завтра.
?
Will…V?
Will he help you tomorrow? – Он вам поможет завтра?
-
Won’t +V
He won’t help us tomorrow. – Он не поможет нам завтра.
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. Shall I give you a hand with the clean up?
2. Did you do it yourself? Good job!
3. I don’t really do sports often these days.
4. We try to do our best to make peace every time we argue.
5. People often wonder what the future will be like.
6. I didn’t realize my parents just wanted me to be happy when they tried to
control me.
7. Did you fail the exam? Don’t get upset! You will do better next time.
8. I told you a thousand times to put the plates in the dishwasher after you
have a meal! Don’t get me started!
9. I really don’t know what to have for lunch. I think I’ll have a quick bite.
Shall we order or you will cook something?
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10. When a child, Don didn’t like dogs. Now he has two, because his girlfriend
is crazy of them. I wonder if he gets more when they start a family with
kids.
II.Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs.
1. I ______ (see) him yesterday at the bus stop.
2. She ______ (eat) breakfast at 7:00 am every day.
3. They______ (watch) a movie tonight at 8:00 pm.
4. We ______ (go) to the park last weekend.
5. He______ (play) football every Saturday morning.
6. I ______ (visit) my grandparents next weekend.
7. My mother ______ (cook) dinner at 6:00 pm yesterday.
8. They ______ (live) in a big house in the city.
9. We ______ (have) a party tomorrow night.
10. She _______ (buy) a new dress last week.
11. He ______ (study) English every day.
12. I ______ (travel) to Paris next month.
13. My father ______ (work) in an office every day.
14. They ______ (go) to the beach last summer.
15. We ______ (eat) dinner at a restaurant tonight.
16. She ______ (read) a book every night.
17. He ______ (play) tennis yesterday afternoon.
18. I ______ (take) a photo of the sunset tomorrow.
19. My brother ______ (ride) a bike every morning.
20. They ______ (celebrate) their son’s 20th birthday last night.
III. Use the words from the box to complete the sentences. Some verbs can
be used more than once.
study go help like read visit have
1. My brother ______to wake up early on weekends.
2. ________ you finish your homework yesterday?
3. She ________ her mother with cooking every evening.
4. I ________ to the park tomorrow because I have a lot of work.
5. They ________ their grandparents last weekend.
6. ________ your father usually the newspaper in the morning?
7. We ________ a family dinner next Sunday.
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8. He ________ hard for his exams last month.
9. I ________ this job is very interesting.
10. ________ she come to the meeting tomorrow?
IV.Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Ты сегодня придешь вовремя?
2. Я вчера сдал очень важный экзамен и сегодня могу расслабиться.
3. Где мне посмотреть результаты теста?
4. В будущем люди наверняка будут зависеть от искусственного
интеллекта.
5. Я не понимаю, что пошло не так.
6. Весь прошлый год мой брат брал уроки вокала. Я считаю, что у него
талант, и что он станет известным певцом однажды.
7. Думаю, мы не успеем к началу шоу. В городе сегодня пробки.
8. Подождешь меня здесь? Мне нужно забрать документы из офиса.
9. Я никому не говорил о своих планах. Откуда они узнали, что у меня
сегодня вечеринка?
10. Мой друг никогда не обвиняет других в своих проблемах.
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PRESENT CONTINUOUS
to be + V-ing
BLOCK I
(I) am
(he/she/it) is + V-ing
(we/they) are
Things happening now (at the moment of speaking) and actions in
progress that you can see.
I am listening to you. – Слушаю тебя.
You are smiling in this photo. – На этой фотографии ты улыбаешься.
Compare:
Present Simple Present Continuous
She usually wears jeans … but today she is wearing a dress for a date.
Habitual situation Now
Она обычно носит джинсы но сегодня на ней надето платье на свидание.
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. The kids are playing in the yard, I can hear them, don’t worry.
2. I am talking to you. Yes, to you.
3. It is raining, put on your raincoat.
4. In the picture the lonely man is sitting at the bus stop.
5. Just a moment, I am talking on phone.
6. I can see a man kicking your car outside. Do you know him?
7. Hush, the baby is sleeping.
8. Sit down, everybody, we are starting.
9. I am working as a taxi driver temporarily; I have a business of my own
and usually work for myself.
10. Look out, you are standing too close to the edge.
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II. Complete the following sentences to make them true about yourself.
1. I mostly wear…., but today I am wearing…...
2. I usually speak…., but now I am speaking…
3. I normally eat…. for lunch, but today I am eating….
4. I like to sit in my …. at home, but now I am sitting…
5. I often … at this time of the day, but now I….
III. Read the sentences below. Decide whether each sentence is in the
Present Simple (PS) or Present Continuous (PC) tense.
1. She eats apples every day. ______
2. He plays football every weekend. ______
3. They are cooking dinner right now. ______
4. I am watching a movie. ______
5. We go to the park on Sundays. ______
6. You are reading a book. ______
7. She is drinking tea. ______
8. He works in a restaurant. ______
9. They are playing video games. ______
10. I live in a big city. ______
BLOCK II
You are V-ing.
Are you V-ing?
You are not V-ing.
Most verbs: + -ing: work - working
Final -e e + ing: write - writing
Final consonant doubles: get - getting
Final -ie y+ing: lie – lying
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For questions use AM/IS/ARE + Subject + V-ing
- Are you writing down? – Вы записываете?
- Yes, I am. / No, am not. – Да. / Нет.
Is she cooking dinner? – Она готовит обед?
What is she cooking? – Что она готовит?
For negatives use AM/IS/ARE + NOT + V-ing
Is she getting ready? – Она собирается?
No, she isn’t. She isn’t doing anything. – Нет. Она ничего не делает.
PRACTICE
I.Write the -ing form of the following verbs:
1. Dream ___
2. Forget ___
3. Sit ___
4. Die ___
5. Enjoy ___
6. Create ___
7. Speak ___
8. Go ___
9. Study ___
10. Run ___
II.Put the words in correct order to make sentences in Present
Continuous.
Example: We/have/a lesson/now.
We are having a lesson now.
1. I / read / a book
2. He / watch / TV
3. She / eat / an apple
4. They / play / football
5. We / listen / to music
6. She / not / write / a letter
7. He / not / sleep
8. They/ not/ drink/ juice
Is + not = isn’t
are + not = aren’t
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9. You/ play/ games?
10. He/ work/ today?
III. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the correct forms.
1. I ______ (drink) coffee now.
2. She ______ (walk) to school at the moment.
3. They ______ (sing) a song.
4. He ______ (not / work) today. He's on holiday.
5. We ______ (not / watch) TV. We're reading.
6. _____ you ______(cook) dinner now?
7. _____ he _____ (play) the guitar?
8. The cat _____ (sleep) on the sofa.
9. I _____ (sit) on a chair.
10. My friends ____ (talk) now.
IV.Choose the correct alternative: Present Continuous or Present Simple.
1. She reads/is reading a book every evening.
2. Look! He jumps/is jumping very high!
3. I go/am going to the cinema every Saturday.
4. They play/are playing football now.
5. He works/is working in a bank.
6. I usually drink/are drinking coffee but today I drink/am drinking tea.
7. We study/are studying English every Wednesday. Right now we do/are
doing an exercise.
8. She lives/is living in London, but she is visiting/visits her parents at the
moment.
9. I don’t work/am not working currently, I am looking/look for a job.
10. Are you using/Do you use the tablet? Can I take it for a moment?
V. Come up to the window and look out. Describe what you can see
outside. You can use the verbs from the box:
drive move walk talk run stand sit listen use wait
read fly do shout go (in/to) follow wear look…..hold
Example: A man wearing a yellow T-shirt is standing at the bus stop.
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BLOCK III
We also use Present Continuous for:
• Trends and changing situations
The climate is getting warmer every year. – С каждым годом климат
становится все теплее.
• Complaints about repeated actions, showing irritation, criticizing people
(with words like always, constantly, continually, etc.)
My brother is always taking my things. – Мой брат вечно берет мои
вещи.
• Future arrangements
On Tuesday I am taking my cat to the vet. – Во вторник я везу кота к
ветеринару (записан на прием).
PRACTICE
I. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1.I am talking to you. Don’t interrupt.
2.The population of India is growing.
3. Winter is coming.
4.Kids are getting so impolite these days.
5. Why are you looking at me like that?
6. She isn’t kidding you, she’s quite serious.
7.We are flying to Spain this summer.
8. What are you waiting for? Let’s go.
9. We are having dinner. Come in and join us!
10. Bitcoin is rising again.
11. What are you doing here, Michael?
12.Why on earth are you leaving your dirty socks everywhere? It’s
symptomatic of your whole behaviour.
13. It’s getting dark, let’s go inside.
14. Why aren’t you wearing a tie today?
15. Your smartphone is ringing. Are you going to answer it?
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