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Файл:English Grammar step III Грамматика английского языка шаг III. Учебное пособие по английскому языку
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5. He _______ his car when the accident happened.
a) drove
b) was driving
c) has driven
d) had driven
6. I _______ breakfast when the power went out.
a) ate
b) was eating
c) have eaten
d) had eaten
7. By the time she arrived, the party _______.
a) started
b) had started
c) was starting
d) has started
8. We _______ to the beach every summer when we were children.
a) went
b) have gone
c) were going
d) had gone
9. I _______ my keys, have you seen them?
a) lose
b) lost
c) have lost
d) had lost
10. She _______ a book when I knocked on the door.
a) read
b) was reading
c) has read
d) had read
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EXPRESSING FUTURE
1. Future Simple (Will) –
• Future facts
Next year will be a leap year.
• Promises, reassurance, insisting, threats, inevitable things
Nice date! I will call you.
He will get better soon, don’t worry.
I will do it myself.
You will regret it!
I will get old one day.
• Immediate decisions at the moment of speech.
Fish or meat? Mmm… I’ll have chicken.
• Offers, agreement/refusals, requests, orders.
Are you hungry? I’ll make you a sandwich.
I won’t do it! No way!
Will you do me a favour?
Will you be quiet, kids!
! Shall is used in questions for offers and suggestions with “we” or “I”.
Shall I translate the text?
• general predictions without evidence (based on opinion, therefore often
used with “I think”,” I suppose”, “I hope”, “definitely”, “probably”, etc.)
In the future people will possibly live happier lives.
Shall – for questions
2. To be going to
• Intentions, decisions that have already been made
We are going to get married.
• Predictions based on evidence (outside of people’s control). We can see the
event is on the way, it is starting to happen.
It looks cloudy, it is going to rain soon.
I feel sick, I am going to faint.
3. Present Continuous (am/is/are V-ing) - arrangements, fixed events (in
people’s control)
We are having my birthday party on Sunday, in the afternoon.
He is taking me to Morocco next month, business class.
4. Present Simple (V(s)) - timetables, events fixed by other people
The exam starts at 8 o’clock.
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5. To be planning, to be thinking of doing, to be hoping to do - plans,
ideas
I am thinking of changing my job.
6. To be about to do, to be on the point of doing - events going to happen
very soon
I am about to take my driving test and feel awfully nervous about it. I am on
the point of giving up the whole idea.
7. To be due (to) – event expected to happen (often according to the
schedule, rota, regulations etc.)
The final exams are due at the beginning of May.
8. Future Continuous (will be V-ing) – prediction of an action in progress
(you can predict it because it had been planned or it is part of a standard
routine)
The book club will be meeting at the usual time on Wednesday.
9. Future Perfect (will have V-ed/V3) – prediction about a completed action
in the future
They will have finished the construction works by the start of the tourist
season.
10. Future Perfect Continuous (will have been V-ing) – long events
completed in the future, with the focus of duration.
I will have been working there for 25 years by the time I retire, how dare you
treat me like that!
• Compare
Present Simple
(will)
–When will we arrive?
–Have no idea.
Present Simple
(shall)
–When shall we arrive?
–Let’s make it 9:30, okey?
Going to
–When are you going to come?
–I’m not going to be late this time.
Present
Continuous
–Are you coming to the party?
–Yes, we are invited. In fact, we are coming earlier to
help with the music.
Present Simple
The train arrives at 2:45 P.M. It is due.
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Be about to
He is about to come, don’t leave! Wait another
minute!
Future
Continuous
Tomorrow at 5 he will be walking home from work, so
you can catch him there.
Future Perfect
He will have walked his dog by 7 P.M. and in bed by
9. What a bore!
Future Perfect
Continuous
Just imagine! Tomorrow we will have been walking in
the same park for 10 years! Time flies.
PRACTICE
I. Open the brackets and use the verbs in the correct forms.
1. I _______ (not/do) my homework tonight because I _______ (see) a movie
with my friends.
2. The train _______ (leave) at 9 AM sharp, so we _______ (need) to be at
the station by 8:30 AM.
3. I _______ (take) a break after this project _______ (finish).
4. I am sure you _______ (recover) completely!
5. We _______ (meet) at the café at 5 PM tomorrow.
6. By the end of this year, I _______ (be working) here for five years.
7. I ______ (call) you as soon as I finish this task, I promise!
8. Look out! The box above ______ (fall) down any minute.
9. We ______ (have) a barbecue next weekend if the weather is nice.
10. The train ______ (leave) at 6:30 PM, so don’t be late!
11. By next month, I ______ (work) at this company for 10 years.
12. I ______ (not/go) to the party if Sarah is there, no way!
13. The final exams ______ (be) in two weeks, so start revising now.
14. I ______ (think) of moving to a new apartment next year.
15. At this time tomorrow, I ______ (fly) to Madrid for a business meeting.
16. ______ (you/do) me a favor and pick up some milk on your way home?
17. The new manager _______ (arrive) next week, and we _______ (have) a
meeting to discuss future plans.
18. I _______ (help) you with your homework after I _______ (finish) mine.
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19. The concert _______ (start) at 7 PM, so we _______ (need) to be there by
6:30 PM.
20. She _______ (be traveling) to Spain next summer, so she _______ (learn)
Spanish before then.
II. Find an error in each sentence and correct them.
1. They say that the new film releases tomorrow.
2. I think I going to faint, I feeling so dizzy.
3. We meet at the park at 3 PM tomorrow.
4. The conference begins at 10 AM, according to the schedule.
5. By the time I retire, I will have been working here for 30 years.
6. The flight will be leaving at 2 PM, so we need to be there by 1 PM.
7. I am plan to change my job in the next few months.
8. The meeting will be held in the conference room at 11 AM.
9. They are going to finished the construction works by the end of the month.
10. I think I will be seeing you at the party tomorrow night.
III. Choose the best option (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence.
1. I _______ to visit my grandparents next weekend.
a) think of visiting
b) am going to visit
c) will visit
d) am planning to visit
2. The contest _______ at the beginning of May.
a) is due
b) is going to be
c) will be
d) is planning
3. I _______ the cake for tomorrow's party, so I will start baking now.
a) am going to bake
b) will bake
c) am baking
d) am planning to bake
4. According to the forecast the weather _______ better soon.
a) will get
b) is going to get
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c) is getting
d) will have gotten
5. By the time the project is completed, I _______ here for three years.
a) will have been working
b) will be working
c) will have worked
d) am going to work
6. We _______ in the conference room at 10 AM tomorrow.
a) are having a meeting
b) are going to have a meeting
c) will have a meeting
d) are planning to have a meeting
7. I _______ you give me a hand with this bookcase? I need to move it
a) will do
b) am going to do
c) am doing
d) will have done
8. The bus _______ at 7 AM, so we need to be at the station by 6:30 AM.
a) leaves
b) is going to leave
c) will leave
d) is leaving
9. I _______ my birthday soon and I am absolutely excited about it.
a) am going to have
b) will have
c) am having
d) am about to have
10. By the time the tournament starts, they _______ all the preparations.
a) will have finished
b) are going to finish
c) will finish
d) will have been finishing
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SELF-ASSESSMENT
I. Choose the correct option:
1. She walks/walked/will walk to school every day.
2. They have been working/have worked/are working on the project since
morning.
3. We will visit/are visiting/have visited our grandparents next weekend.
4. He eats/has eaten/was eating lunch when the phone rang.
5. The kids are playing/have played/will play in the park now.
6. You will have finished/finish/finished the report by the time I get there.
7. The train departs/departed/will depart at 8 PM sharp.
8. I am reading/have read/read that novel last night.
9. They have lived/will live/live in this city for five years.
10. She drives/drove/will drive very carefully during the rainy season.
II. Choose the best options to complete the text.
Lena is a travel blogger. She _____ (1) about her adventures on her website.
Right now, she _____ (2) in Thailand, where she _____ (3) a new article about
local food.
She _____ (4) many countries since she started her blog five years ago. Last year,
she _____ (5) to South America and _____ (6) three months there.
Lena’s friends often ask her, "_____ (7) you ever _____ (8) lost while traveling?"
She always laughs and says, "Of course! But I _____ (9) worried because I
always find my way in the end."
Next month, she _____ (10) to Japan. By the time she arrives, she _____ (11)
already _____ (12) some basic Japanese phrases. She hopes she _____ (13) new
friends there.
Right now, her best friend _____ (14) whether to join her on the trip. "_____ (15)
you _____ (16) with me?" Lena asked yesterday, but her friend still hasn't
decided.
.
1. a) write b) writes c) is writing d) has written
2. a) is staying b) stays c) stayed d) has stayed
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3. a) writes b) is writing c) wrote d) has written
4. a) visits b) is visiting c) has visited d) visited
5. a) traveled b) travels c) is traveling d) has traveled
6. a) spends b) is spending c) spent d) has spent
7. a) Do b) Does c) Have d) Has
8. a) get b) got c) gotten d) getting
9. a) am never b) never was c) have never been d) never am
10. a) is flying b) has flown c) will fly d) flies
11. a) learn b) learned c) will have learned d) has learned
12. a) learned b) learning c) learns d) learn
13. a) makes b) made c) will make d) has made
14. a) is wondering b) wonders c) wondered d) has wondered
15. a) Are b) Did c) Have d) Will
16. a) come b) coming c) came d) comes
III. Match the beginnings (1-14) with their endings (A-N).
1. I haven't seen him...
2. She was working diligently...
3. By next year, they will have...
4. The dog barks...
5. Are you going...
6. I didn't realize...
7. He usually walks...
8. We've been studying English...
9. The sun will be setting...
10. They hadn't finished...
11. Does she often travel...?
12. I'm currently reading...
13. The children played happily...
14. Have you ever thought of..?
A. ...in the park yesterday.
B. ...all night to meet the deadline.
C. ...to the party tonight?
D. ...a fascinating novel by a contemporary author.
E. ...whenever someone approaches the house.
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F. ...living abroad?
G. ...their project by the time the teacher arrived.
H. ...for several years now.
I. ...to work, but today he's taking the bus.
J. ...that you were feeling unwell.
K. ...completed their construction project.
L. ...since last week.
M. ...in about an hour, so we should leave soon.
N. ...for business?
IV. Translate the following sentences into Russian.
1. I had been looking for my keys for half an hour, before I realized that I had
left them in the car.
2. Where were you staying when you were in London?
3. What have you been doing? Your hands are dirty!
4. I will be watching him to find out what kind of person he is.
5. I talked to him and explained everything.
6. He was here 5 minutes ago, but you were busy. He told me he would be
waiting for you outside.
7. When I was leaving home, the rain had already stopped.
8. Don’t worry, the dinner will have been ready by 7.
9. I didn’t think I would feel sorry about my decision.
10. Has anyone seen Henry? There’s a man asking for him.
V. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Я давно тебя не видел.
2. Я часто вижу его в автобусе.
3. Давно ждешь?
4. Он подождал немного, написал мне записку и ушел.
5. Они будут ждать тебя у входа.
6. Поторопись, никто не будет тебя ждать.
7. Он уже написал свою книгу? 8
8. Он написал книгу до того, как стал знаменитым.
9. Я напишу тебе, когда узнаю новости.
10. Что он сейчас пишет?
110
READING PRACTICE
TEXT 1
Read the text and choose correct options in questions 1-5.
Every day, people see adverts for things to buy on social media, in magazines,
and in shops. British people are buying more clothes and shoes than before. Online
shopping makes it easy to buy without thinking, and big brands sell cheap clothes
that people wear a few times and then throw away.
In Britain, the average person spends over £1,000 a year on new clothes, about
four per cent of their income. This might not seem much, but there are two
worrying issues. First, much of this spending is on credit cards. British people owe
about £670 each to credit card companies, which is 66 per cent of the average
clothing budget. Also, people spend money they don't have on things they don't
need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothes a year, most ending up in
rubbish dumps.
People may think they help by giving unwanted clothes to charities, but charity
shops can't sell everything. 'Fast fashion' quickly goes out of style and is often too
poor quality to recycle; people don't want it second-hand. Many clothes charities
can't sell are sent abroad, causing more problems.
However, a new trend called the 'buy nothing' movement is growing. It started
in Canada in the early 1990s and moved to the US as a protest against
overspending during Black Friday and Cyber Monday. On Buy Nothing Day,
people protest and cut up credit cards. Throughout the year, groups swap and fix
items they already own.
This trend has reached social media influencers who usually promote
products. Some now tell viewers not to buy anything for up to a year. Two friends
in Canada only bought food for a year. For three months, they didn't buy electrical
goods, clothes, or home items. Next, they stopped using services like haircuts,
eating out, or buying petrol. They saved $55,000 in one year.
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