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Файл:English for Chemical Engineers (Английский язык для инженеров-химиков). Учебное пособие
.pdf
клапан – forces of nature – электротехника – industrial engineering –
машиностроение – civil engineering – аппаратное и программное
обеспечение – detergent – синтетические ткани – as well as – внедрять.
15. Provide a brief summary of aims, products, advantages and
disadvantages of chemical engineering using the words and phrases
from the unit. Complete the summary by your university education
and career plans.
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Unit 2
A
B
1. pure science
2. to find applications
3. natural world
4. low-temperature physics
5. solid-state physics
6. fluid dynamics
7. physical research
8. number theory
9. functional analysis
10. complex analysis
11. eternal problem
12. magnitude
13. quantity
14. property
15. fundamental branch
a) теоретическая отрасль
b) теоретическая наука
c) физика твердого тела
d) теория чисел
e) мир природы
f) комплексный анализ
g) вечный вопрос
h) физика низких
температур
i) величина
j) количество
k) свойство
l) функциональный анализ
m) физические исследования
n) динамика жидкости
o) находить применение
MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS
1. Read and translate the international words
Physics, physical, physicist, philosophy, energy, acoustics, geophysics,
astrophysics, aerodynamics, plasma, temperature, fluid, dynamics,
electromagnetism, mechanics, classical, modern, mathematics,
mathematical, mathematician, humanity, algebra, geometry, statistics,
complex, function, functional, analysis, analytical.
2. Read and translate the verbs
To develop, to define, to consider, to be considered as, to split, to split off,
to divide, to be divided into, to cover, to refer.
3. Match the English word combinations in column A to their Russian
equivalents in column B
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4. Read and translate
Physics is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the
study of nature and philosophy. Today, physics is defined as the study of
matter, energy, and the relationships between them. Physics is the oldest
and most basic pure science. Its discoveries find applications throughout
the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of
the natural world. The other sciences are generally more limited in their
scope and may be considered as the branches that have split off from
physics. Acoustics, geophysics, astrophysics, aerodynamics, plasma
physics, low-temperature physics, and solid-state physics, optics, fluid
dynamics, electromagnetism, and mechanics are areas of physical research.
Physics today may be divided into classical physics and modern physics.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_physics
The history of mathematics is nearly as old as humanity itself.
Mathematics may be defined as the study of relationships among quantities,
magnitudes and properties. The discipline of mathematics now covers
research fields of number theory, algebra, geometry, analysis, statistics,
functional analysis, complex analysis, and many more.
http://www.storyofmathematics.com/
The roof of natural sciences is physics as some physicists are used to
saying. What is mathematics is a question of debate for centuries or may be
referred to as eternal problems.
5. Answer the questions
1. What is physics?
2. What is mathematics?
3. What are the research areas of physics?
4. What does mathematics study?
5. What came first: physics or mathematics?
6. Read and translate
All substances have properties that we can use to identify them. There
are two basic types of properties: physical and chemical properties.
Physical properties are the properties which do not change the chemical
nature of matter. They are color, smell, freezing point, boiling point,
melting point, infra-red spectrum, attraction (paramagnetic) or repulsion
(diamagnetic) to magnets, opacity, viscosity and density. Properties that
can be discerned by changing chemical structure of matter are called
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chemical properties. The examples of chemical properties are heat of
combustion, reactivity with water, PH, and electromotive force. The more
properties we can identify for a substance, the better we know the nature of
that substance. These properties can then help us model the substance and
thus understand how this substance will behave under various conditions.
http://www.iun.edu/~cpanhd/C101webnotes/matter-and-energy/properties.html
7. Find the Russian equivalents for the following physical and chemical
properties
viscosity _____________________
melting point _____________________
boiling point _____________________
density _____________________
heat of combustion _____________________
electromotive force _____________________
electrical conductivity _____________________
opacity _____________________
surface tension _____________________
pressure _____________________
heat capacity _____________________
thermal conduction _____________________
nature _____________________
8. Find the English equivalents for the following physical and chemical
properties
физические свойства _____________________
вещество _____________________
область исследования физики _____________________
вязкость и плотность _____________________
химическая природа вещества _____________________
при различных условиях _____________________
цвет и запах _____________________
температура замерзания _____________________
инфракрасный спектр _____________________
теплопроводность _____________________
притяжение _____________________
давление _____________________
отталкивание _____________________
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9. Read, translate and learn by heart
Greek Alphabet
Greek
English
Russian
Greek
English
Russian
Α α
alpha
альфа
Ν ν
nu
ню
Β β
beta
бета
Ξ ξ
xi
кси
Γ γ
gamma
гамма
Ο ο
omicron
омикрон
Δ δ
delta
дельта
Π π
pi
пи
Ε ε
epsilon
эпсилон
Ρ ρ
rho
ро
Ζ ζ
zeta
дзета
Σ σ
sigma
сигма
Η η
eta
эта
Τ τ
tau
тау
Θ θ
theta
тэта
Υ υ
upsilon
ипсилон
Ι ι
iota
йота
Φ φ
phi
фи
Κ κ
kappa
каппа
Χ χ
chi
хи
Λ λ
lambda
ламбда
Ψ ψ
psi
пси
Μ μ
mu
мю
Ω ω
omega
омега
LENGTH
Metric System
1 nanometer (1 nm) = 1/1,000,000,000 meter
1 micrometer (1 μm) = 1/1,000,000 meter
1 millimeter (1 mm) = 1/1,000 meter
1 centimeter (1 cm) = 1/100 meter
1 decimeter (1 dm) = 1/10 meter
1 meter (1 m) – basic unit of length
1 kilometer (1 km) = 1,000 meters
10. Read the following Greek letters
α – π – β – ω – θ – ψ –
λ – τ – σ – ο – ζ – δ –
γ – κ – μ – ν – ρ – υ – ε
– φ – ι
11. Read and translate the following units of physical properties
15
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American and British Units
1 inch (1 in) = 1/36 yard = 1/12 foot
1 foot (1 ft) = 1/3 yard
1 yard (1 yd) – basic unit of length
1 mile (1 mi) = 1,760 yards = 5,280 feet
Conversion Factors
1 centimeter = 0.39 inch
1 inch = 2.54 centimeters
1 meter = 39.37 inches
1 foot = 0.305 meter
1 meter = 3.28 feet
1 yard = 0.914 meter
1 meter = 1.094 yards
1 kilometer = 0.62 mile
1 mile = 1.609 kilometers
AREA
Metric System
1 square centimeter (1 cm2) = 1/10,000 square meter
1 square decimeter (1 dm2) = 1/100 square meter
1 square meter (1 m2) – basic unit of area
1 hectare (1 ha) = 10,000 square meters
1 square kilometer (1 km2) = 1,000,000 square meters
American and British Units
1 square inch (1 in2) = 1/1,296 square yard
1 square foot (1ft2) = 1/9 square yard
1 square yard (1 yd2) – basic unit of area
1 acre (1 ac) = 4,840 square yards
1 square mile (1 mi2) = 3,097,600 square yards
Conversion Factors
1 square centimeter = 0.155 square inch
1 square inch = 6.45 square centimeters
1 acre = 0.405 hectare
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1 hectare = 2.47 acres
1 square kilometer = 0.386 square mile
1 square mile = 2.59 square kilometers
WEIGHT (MASS)
Metric System
1 milligram (1 mg) = 1/1,000,000 kilogram
1 gram ( 1 g ) = 1/1,000 kilogram
1 kilogram (1 kg) – basic unit of weight or mass
1 metric ton (1 t) = 1,000 kilograms
American and British Units
1 ounce (1 oz) = 1/16 pound
1 pound – basic unit of weight or mass
1 short hundredweight = 100 pounds
1 long hundredweight = 112 pounds
1 short ton = 2,000 pounds
1 long ton = 2,240 pounds
Conversion Factors
1 kilogram = 2.205 avoirdupois pounds
1 short ton = 0.9 metric ton
1 metric ton = 1.1 short tons
VOLUME AND CAPACITY (Liquid and Dry)
Metric System
1 cubic centimeter (1 cm3) = 1/1,000,000 cubic meter
1 cubic decimeter (1 dm3) = 1/1,000 cubic meter
1 cubic meter (1 m3) – basic unit of volume
1 milliliter (1 ml) = 1/1,000 liter = 1 cubic centimeter
1 liter (1 l) – basic unit of capacity
1 dekaliter = 10 liters
1 hectoliter = 100 liters = 1/10 cubic meter
American and British Units
1 cubic inch (1 in3) = 1/46,656 cubic yard
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1 cubic foot (1 ft3) = 1/27 cubic yard
1 cubic yard (1yd3) – basic unit of volume
1 U.S. fluid ounce = 1/128 U.S. gallon
1 British imperial fluid ounce = 1/160 imperial gallon
1 pint = 1/8 gallon = 1/2 quart
1 quart = 1/4 gallon
1 U.S. gallon = 231 cubic inches
1 imperial gallon = 277.4 cubic inches
1 dry pint = 1/64 bushel
1 dry quart = 1/32 bushel
1 peck = 1/4 bushel
Conversion Factors
1 cubic centimeter = 0.06 cubic inch
1 cubic inch = 16.4 cubic centimeters
1 cubic yard = 0.765 cubic meter
1 cubic meter = 1.3 cubic yards
1 milliliter = 0.034 fluid ounce
1 fluid ounce = 29.6 milliliters
1 U.S. quart = 0.946 liter
1 liter = 1.06 U.S. quarts
1 U.S. gallon = 3.8 liters
TIME
s – second
min – minute
hr – hour
TEMPERATURE
°C – degree Celsius
K – Kelvin degree (K= °C+273)
°F – degrees Fahrenheit (°F=1.8 °C+32)
DENSITY
g/cm3 – gram per (to) cubic centimeter
kg/m3 – kilogram per (to) cubic meter
PRESSURE
Pa – Pascal
kPa – kilo Paskal (103 Pa)
MPa – mega Paskal (106 Pa)
N/m2 – Newton per (to) square meter
kg/ms2 – kilogram divided by meter multiplied by square second
kgf/cm2 – kilogram force per (to) square centimeter
(1 kgf/cm2=0.980681 bar)
atm – standard atmosphere (1 atm=101325 Pa)
bar – Bar (1bar=105 Pa)
ENERGY
J – joule (1 J=kgm2/s2=1 N/m)
cal – calorie (1 cal=4.1868 J)
kWh – kilowatt-hour (1 kWh=3,6 MJ)
VELOCITY
m/s – meter per second
сm/s – centimeter per second
km/s – kilometer per second
km/h – kilometer per hour
mi/h (mph) – mile per hour (1 mph=0.44704 m/s)
A
B
1. dynamic viscosity
2. density
3. temperature
4. surface tension
5. pressure
6. thermal conduction
7. heat capacity
8. electrical resistivity
9. kinematic viscosity
10.current
a. Ω m
b. Pa
с. J/kg K
d. kg/m3
e. W/mK
f. J/m2
g. °C
h. m2/s
k. Pa s
l. A
12. Match the physical properties of matter and systems in column A
to their units in column B
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13. Learn the following mathematical expressions by heart
a+b=c
a plus b is c
a-b=c
a minus b is equal to c
ab=c
a times/multiplied by b equals c
a/b=c
a divided by b is c
х
the square root of x
3
х
the cubic root of x
5
х
the 5th root of x
а
the absolute value of a number
a 5
a is greater than 5
b-10
b is less than or equal to negative 10
xy
x is approximately equal to y
10
-5
10 to the power of minus 5
x
6
x to the power of 6, x to the 6th power
Eight is the third power of two. –
Восемь представляет собой два в
третьей степени.
(power – степень)
13. Read and translate the sentences
Multiply 8 by 6 and divide the answer by 12.
Add 100 to 50, and subtract the answer from 200.
Разделите 150 на 3 и умножьте ответ на 10.
Прибавьте 70 к 65 и отнимите ответ от 135.
14. Read the sentences using the example in the table
Шестнадцать представляет собой четыре во второй степени.
Тридцать шесть представляет собой шесть во второй степени.
Сто двадцать пять представляет собой пять в третьей степени.
Восемьдесят один представляет собой три в четвертой степени.
Сто тысяч представляют собой десять в пятой степени.
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