Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса. Учебное пособие

UNIT 3. Lesson 10

Journalist: …..........

Sociologist: 43% of them have computers at home and about 25% use home computers every day.

Journalist: …..........

Sociologist: 93% of pupils operate computers at school. Journalist: …..........

Sociologist: 75% of young Englishmen think that computers make their life easier and more interesting and the knowledge of a computer helps to find a good job.

Journalist: Are there any social problems of computer technology in England?

Sociologist:. ……......

7. Вы хотите приобрести персональный компью- тер. Убедите членов своей семьи в необходимости этой по- купки.

8. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Warped keyboard makes for easier use

The warped keyboard and the egg-shaped “mouse” look like defective variants of traditional products.

For 300,000 people who suffer from wearisome and monotonous work on the computer these new ergonomic developments may prove to be the only solution.

Microsoft’s Natural Keyboard has become one of the most widely purchased of ergonomic keyboards. The figures and letters are divided into three serpentine sections in order to ensure that the wrists are in their natural positions. Provision is made for additional space for the rest of the hands and there is a leveling support which may be adjusted to the different heights of the chair.

The Lexmark firm also took a fairly creative approach to the development of the Select-Ease Keyboard. The two parts of the keyboard are joined with hinges so the user can position them at a convenient distance. Regulating the height of the legs, it is possible to fix the necessary slant of the keyboard. The keys are positioned

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

close to one another so that the fingers experience less strain during work.

The new lines in the reconstruction of the “mouse” are the shape and convenient keys. The “mouse” developed by the Logitech firm and known as Mouseman has special indents for fingers, an asymmetrical form for the right or left hand, and also, a slant for the realms. Microsoft’s elongated-shaped Home Mouse has been designed specially to fit into different-sized hands, that is why it can be easily used by children, adults, “lefties” and “rightist.”

Besides these ergonomic pluses the new products also have a number of other advantages. The keyboards of the Microsoft company have very “light” keys to relax hands while typing.

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UNIT 3. Lesson 11

UNIT 3.

Lesson 11

Topic: Motorola

Commands, messages

Упражнения па повторение правил чтения

1. А. Прочтите слова, определив ударную гласную

Member, logic, input, interesting, arithmetic, algebra, conform, become, along, compact, miscarry, display, immoral, inform, rerun, replace, predict, kilobit, network.

В. Прочтите слова, определив слоги с главными и второ- степенным ударениями:

Introductory, anniversary, examination, conversation, agitation, transformation, education, repetition, hexadecimal, indivisible, elasticity, generality, allocation.

Лексика, грамматика

2. Догадайтесь о значении следующих интерна-

циональных слов. Проверьте по словарю их транскрипцию и перевод:

Ideal, mass, material, final, concept, theory, fact, element, assistant, assist (v), integral, basis.

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

3. Прочтите слова школьного минимума. Вспомни-

те их значение:

Become (v), build (v), discover (v), following (a), free (a, v), mistake (n), prepare (v), repeat (v), until (prep), useful (a), vocabulary (n), world (n).

4. Прочтите и запомните новые слова:

1. Aim – цель. Syn. Goal.

The microcomputer ideally answers the aims of mass education. The aim of this computer programme is to make the process of learning interesting and easy.

2. Correct – правильный. Syn. Right.

This answer is correct. The method of the experiment isn’t correct.

3.Aid – 1) помогать; 2) помощник, помощь. Visual aids – наглядные пособия.

Computers aid to carry out scientific experiments. We build up large data banks of information with the aid of computers. Computer programs can be good visual aids as, for example, “electronic blackboards”.

4. Drill – обучать, тренировать; тренировка.

Computers can drill students in vocabulary or arithmetic. They can repeat the drill if students’ answers.

5.Curriculum— учебный план, программа. Pi. Purricula. The computer is a part of the urriculum in schools and institutes today. Secondary school curricula in England include (включают) mathematics, science, foreign languages, history and other subjects.

6.Figure – 1) цифра; 2) рисунок, чертеж. Pi. Figures –

арифметика.

We separate (отделяем) figures of numbers into groups of three so, that it becomes easy to read large numbers. Figure 2 illustrates a magnetic disk. Computers can drill students in figures.

7.Programming— программирование.

Programming languages – языки программирования.

There are some forms of programming for the computer. One of the forms of programming is the construction of programs which accept (принимают) instructions in standard words and translate these words into a machine language. BASIC is a programming language for solving mathematical and business problems.

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UNIT 3. Lesson 11

8. Select – отбирать, сортировать. Selection – отбор.

Every teacher must learn how to select computer programs. This selection is important to make the computer an integral part of the curriculum.

5. Замените слова в скобках их английскими экви- валентами:

1.The (цель) of this research is to study the application of laser in computers. 2. The solution of the problem is (правильное). 3. Each group of three (цифры) is called a period. 4. Our new school (учебный план) includes the most important problems of information science. 5. A computer can repeat the (тренировка) over and over again. 6. We’ll discuss the principles and methods of (программирование) at this seminar. 7. The (отбор) of educational programs is an important teacher’s task. 8. With the (по- мощь) of computers teachers can make their lessons more creative and interesting.

6. Заполните пропуски словами из упр. 5:

1. Computer programs … students in many aspects of knowledge. 2. BASIC and PASCAL are popular … languages. 3. Help me, please, to …a useful computer program to study English grammar. 4. The … of our seminar is to discuss some problems of computer technology. 5. If your answers are …, you’ll pass the exam. 6. Computers are often used as …to demonstrate different phenomena. 7. This … illustrates all the sections of the central processing unit. 8. The primary school … includes reading, writing, arithmetic, nature study, drawing, etc.

7. Прочтите и переведите следующие словосочета-

ния. Обратите внимание на употребление существительно- го слева в качестве определения:

Laboratory science, laboratory experiment, examination courses, computer equipment, computer language, computer screen, computer technology, computer studies.

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

8. Обратите внимание на отрицательное значение

префиксов in (im)-, un-, il-, ir-, употребляемых с прилага- тельными:

Model:

expensive – дорогой; inexpensive – недорогой

Прочтите и переведите слова:

Indirect, unusual, illogical, irrational, unimportant, impracticable, illegal, irregular, independent, impossible, incorrect.

9. Прочитайте и переведите текст:

MOTOROLA

Motorola’s 68000 series of microprocessors was introduced in 1979 with the original 68000 microprocessor. Others in the series, introduced at twoto three-year intervals, include the 68010, 68020, 68030, 68040, and the latest model, the 68060.

When introduced, the original 68000 ran at only 8MHz. Subsequent 68000 chips operated at 16MHz with 24-bit data buses. The 68010 was about 15% faster than the original model at around 12MHz. Today, few 68010s are still being sold because they’re fairly out-of-date.

The 68020 was the first model in the Motorola microprocessor family with a 32-bit external bus, and thus higher performance. Today the 68020 runs at 33MHz and has a 256-byte cache. The 68030, which also has a 32-bit bus, runs at up to 50MHz and has a 4KB cache. The 68040 is available at up to 40MHz and has a 4KB cache. There is no 68050 in the series.

The newest microprocessor in the High Performance series is the 68060, which is just beginning to ship. The 68060 runs at up to 60MHz, has an 8KB cache, and incorporates superscalar technology, which enables systems to start multiple instructions during one clock cycle to speed up processing. The performance of the 68060 is comparable to the performance of the PowerPC 601 and 603 microprocessors.

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UNIT 3. Lesson 11

Beginning with the 68030, all the microprocessors in the series have incorporated on-chip memory management units. The 68040 and 68060 have floating-point processor, allowing the microprocessor to work with floating-point numbers and other mathematical equations more easily. (Floating-point numbers represent numbers ending in many zeros.) Initially, the 68000 microprocessors were used heavily in engineering workstations.

Then in the mid-1980s, Apple Computer Inc. adopted the 68000 microprocessor architecture, and it basically became the “heart and soul” of the Macintosh product line, says Roy Druian, marketing manager at Motorola. Today Apple continues to ship Macintosh machines that are based on 68000-series microprocessors.

The 68000 series of microprocessors used in desktop systems is primarily based on the Apple product line. Apple recently introduced a series of desktop computers known as the Performa 600 series, which is based on the 68040. The Apple PowerBook 500 series of notebook computers is also based on the 68040. The prior PowerBook series was 68030-based. There are even some 68030based Performas that are still shipping. But overall, Druian says, Apple is phasing out its 68030 product line with the 68040 line, and probably won’t announce any desktop products based on the 68060.

“Essentially,” Druian says, “this current series of Macintosh products that’s based specifically on 68040s is sort of going to be the end of [68000-series] support [in desktop systems].”

Though the 68000 series has been the core of desktop Macintosh computers for some time, this family of microprocessors has shifted away from the desktop-computer market into what’s commonly referred to as the embedded-systems marketplace. Embedded systems include things like laser printers, modems, telecommunications products, and other such devices that utilize microprocessor chips, but are not desktop computers or network servers.

Druian says many 68G2Cs are shipping today in items such as laser printers and copy machines. You’re not aware that there’s a 68020 microprocessor in the machine, but there are plenty of them still on the market.

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

Just because the 68000 series is moving completely into embedded systems doesn’t mean Motorola will be out of the desktopcomputer market. That’s where the PowerPC comes in. Apple has made it known that it’s moving its desktop product line to the PowerPC. The migration from 68030s and 68040s to the PowerPC will be gradual. You’ll still see some Macintosh desktop computers with 68000-series microprocessors in them for a while. To aid the migration process, however, Apple is selling PowerPC upgrades for many of its 68000-based products.

Since Motorola has a part in the PowerPC, it has room to go elsewhere with the 68000 High Performance series.

“It’s not really our focus to serve the desktop market with [the 68000] family,” Druian says. “Our real focus is to establish the PowerPC into that desktop range.” The 68000 family is more geared toward serving the users of embedded systems.

Команды, сообщения

10. Найдите правильное написание слова, перевод

которого дан в левой колонке.

11. Составьте из нижеприведенных 16 букв как

можно больше известных вам названий команд MS-DOS. (Хороший результат – 7, самым внимательным удается со- ставить 8, может быть, можно еще больше?)

E O R F I T R A L D M N V C P S

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UNIT 3. Lesson 11

12. Определите, каковы последствия введения в

компьютер следующих команд, выбрав один из предло- женных вариантов.

а) изменение стандартных параметров дисковода 1. DEVICE б) загрузка программы управления клавиатурой в) запуск специальной программы управления ка-

ким-либо устройством а) печать текстового файла на принтере

2. PRINT б) печать на принтере образа экрана дисплея в) вывод на экран текстового файла

а) выдача списка файлов и субдиректорий в текущей директории

3. FILES б) установление количества файлов, которые могут быть одновременно открыты операционной системой в) форматирование диска а) установление даты/числа

4. TIME б) установление времени

в) временная остановка работы программы а) загрузка программы управления клавиатурой

5. DRIVPARM б) изменение стандартных параметров дисковода в) запуск специальной программы управления ка- ким-либо устройством

13. Выберите из предложенных команд те, которые

необходимо ввести в компьютер, чтобы достичь требуемых результатов.

Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

14. Просмотрите снова заполненную вами таблицу команд. Проверьте, помните ли вы их значения и функ- ции. Если какие-то из них вы не запомнили, выпишите их дополнительно в тетрадь.

15. Найдите слово, перевод которого дан в левой колонке.

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