Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса. Учебное пособие
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UNIT I. Lesson 2
13. Из предложенных вашему вниманию 13 терми-
нов (display, key, printer, mouse, diskette (floppy disk), memory, drive, personal computer, keyboard, screen, hard disk, port, cursor) назовите те, которые:
а) связаны с процессом печати, б) связаны с записью программ, в) связаны с изображением,
г) являются несъемными элементами, деталями.
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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса
UNIT I.
Lesson 3
Topic: Completely electronic device
Grammar revision: International words
Упражнение на повторение звуков, букв правил чтения
1. Повторите правила чтения следующих букв и
буквосочетаний, выполните упражнения в чтении.
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Правила чтения |
Упражнения в чтении |
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перед ударной |
e’xist, e’xact, e’xample, e’xamine, e’xecutive, |
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x |
гласной – [gz] exam |
e’xult, e’xert. |
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В остальных случа- |
next, six, fix, ex’cept, ex’cel. |
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ях [ks] text |
'axis, 'complex, 'execute |
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j |
[d¥] jump |
just, joke, jam, job, join, jet. |
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Ja'pan Ju'ly, 'justify |
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[j] в начале слова |
yet, you, year, yoke, youth, yell, |
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y |
yes |
'yellow, 'yesterday |
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в конце слова в |
‘story, ‘copy, ‘party, ‘any, ‘many, ‘sorry, ‘facul- |
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безударном поло- |
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жении – [i] 'city |
ty, ‘symmentry |
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в словах латинско- |
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ph |
го и греческого |
‘photo, ‘telephone, ‘graphic, ‘phase, ‘sphere, |
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происхождения – |
‘phisical, ‘telegraph, ‘symphony, ‘paragraph |
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[f] 'phalse |
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e |
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she, these, theme, eve, mete, bede, tea, clean, |
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weak, peace, sea, please, treat, heap, re’lease, |
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ea |
в открытом слоге |
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mean, reel, week, speed, screen, meet, ex’ceed, |
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ee |
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re’ceive, de’ ceive, seize, re’ceipt |
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ei |
[i:] |
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field, piece, chief, grief, thief, priest, fiend, |
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ie |
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wield |
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oo |
[u], [u:] |
[u] book, look, hook, took |
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ou |
[u:] room, proof, too, tool, boom, pool |
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UNIT I. Lesson 3 |
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Правила чтения |
Упражнения в чтении |
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u |
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[u] could, would, shoud |
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[u:] group, soup, pouf, pouf, joule, troupe, |
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ue |
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‘cougar, ‘souvenir |
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ui |
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[u] put, full, bush, bull, push |
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[u:] rule, rude, blute, rue, true, blue, fruit, juice |
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wh |
[w] when |
while, why, where, white, whele, what, wheat, |
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whence |
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[h] перед о – who |
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whose, wholly, whom, ‘wholesome, ‘wholesale |
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kn |
[n] knife |
know, knot, knob, knee, knelt, knap, knit |
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e |
[i] в безударном |
‘system, re’cord, de’pend, ‘planet, de’ny, |
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положении – e'lect |
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de’partment, ‘helpless, en’joy, pre’tend |
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[i'lekt] |
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er в конце слова |
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reader or |
‘teacher, ‘doctor, com’puter, ‘monitor, ‘user, |
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[c] |
артикль a (an) – a |
‘cursor, ‘printer, ‘number, ‘laser |
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disk |
a book, an end, a file, an age, a screen, a pro- |
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при редукции |
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gram, an eagle, ag’reed, a’bout, a’side, con’trol, |
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гласных в безудар- |
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co’nnect, suc’cess, ‘difficult, ‘data |
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ном положении |
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faculty |
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ng |
[ŋ] song |
long, wing, ‘evening, ‘interesting, ‘sliding, ‘tim- |
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ing, ‘ringing |
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nk |
[ŋk] link |
bank, ink, thank, drink, junk, blank, sink, |
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‘thinker |
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sure |
ea читается [e] пе- |
'pleasure, 'measure, 'treasure, leisure |
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ред – sure |
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ex’cursion, ‘function; |
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co,ordi’nation, ,combi’nation; |
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op’ression, ‘pension, ‘session, po’sition, ‘version |
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2. Прочтите следующие слова:
Joint, ‘wisdom, im’pression, lead, pro’long, ‘actor, thing, think, glue, ‘measure, re’peat, a’bility, “enter, phlox, thieve, route, bruto, ‘looping, be’tween, pe’ripheral, ex’pose. E’xotic, June, yard, ‘policy, ‘portion, graph, ‘juicy, shook, which, known, de’free, ‘ceiling, stream, ‘differ, a’ddress, niece, could, ‘whisper, knives, ‘goodness, ‘comma, suppression, whom, ‘telex.
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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса
Лексика, грамматика
3. Прочтите слова, обращая внимание на ударение.
Постарайтесь перевести их без словаря.
Interesting, type, combination, microcomputer, coordination, control, arithmetic, logic, process, function, instruction, operation, cassette, special, cursor, graphics, excursion.
4. Прочитайте слова школьного минимума. Вспом-
ните их значения:
Ability (n), across (adv, prep), any (a), bad (a), depend (v), desk
(a). differ (v), fine (a), hope (v), know (v), lesson (n), move (v), next (a), only (adv), other (a), own (a), point (n), room (n), see (v), show (v), some (a), together (adv).
5. Почитайте и переведите следующие словосоче-
тания. Обратите внимание на употребление существитель- ного слева в качестве определения:
Computer room, computer instruction, computer information, nerve centre, coordination centre, control centre, control function, mouse function, arithmetic and logic processes, Information Science and Computer Engineering Department.
6. Прочтите и запомните значения новых слов:
1. Screen – экран.
The screen of a computer is very much like a TV screen. A computer screen is made up of a large number of dots (точек).
2. Keyboard – клавиатура.
A keyboard is an obligatory (обязательная) part of any personal computer. The keyboard of this personal computer has 102 keys (кла-
виш).
3. Unit – 1) устройство, блок; 2) единица.
A system unit is a main part of the computer. It has an arithmetic unit for mathematical operations. He knows the names of all computer units. A byte is the basic unit of information.
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UNIT I. Lesson 3
4. Processor – процессор.
A processor is the nerve centre of the computer system. A central processor has three main sections. The central processing unit (CPU) is another name of the central processor.
5. Terminal – терминал.
A terminal is a combination of a screen and a keyboard. A terminal hasn’t its own processor. Large computers are hosts (главные nшины) to terminals.
6. Control – 1) управление, контроль; 2) управлять.
A processor controls all computer units. A control generator is that part of the control unit which generates control signals.
7.Communicate – передавать, сообщать(ся). Communication – сообщение, связь.
A terminal has the ability to communicate with the processor of a large computer. The processor has a communication with all computer units.
8.Perform – выполнять, исполнять. Performance – выполнение, исполнение.
The processor performs all the arithmetic and logic processes. The performance of mathematical operations depends on the arithmetic unit.
9.Record – записывать.
Recorder – записывающее устройство.
We record programs on magnetic disks. They have cassette recorders in the computer rooms. It is a new type of magnetic recorders.
10. Monitor – монитор.
A monitor is very much like a TV set. We have ten computers with colour monitors.
11. Input – ввод.
An input unit is a section of the computer which takes in infomation. A mouse (мышь) is a special input device (устройство).
Ant. Output – вывод.
Input and output devices are peripherals (периферийные устройства).
12. Disk drive – дисковод.
This computer has two disk drivers. We use a disk drive to take in some information.
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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса
13. Print (v) – печатающее устройство.
This journal often prints information about computer engineering. A printer is an output device. The rate (скорость) of the laser printer is 10 or more pages per minute.
14. Button – кнопка.
A mouse has one or two buttons on the top (крышка). These buttons control the cursors of the screen.
15. User – пользователь.
This keyboard is very comfortable for the user. Input units are means of communication between the computer and the user.
7. Замените слова в скобках их английскими экви- валентами:
1.This (устройство) performs mathematical and logical operations. 2. A (дисковод) is an input device. 3. This keyboard is very comfortable for the (пользователь). 4. The (экран) of this computer is white-black. 5. The central processor is the nerve centre of the computer for the coordination and (управление) of all computer units. 6. This computer has a colour (монитор). 7. A computer can (записывать) information on hard or floppy disks. 8. I have an interesting article about laser (принтеры).9. A mouse has one or two (кнопки) for the control of text and graphics functions. 10. А (клавиатура) is a part of any terminal. 11. The signals of the control generator tell the arithmetic unit which operation to (выполнить). 12. Satellite (связь) is very popular today.
8. Заполните пропуски:
1.Use this … to control the cursor. 2. If you want to run a program put the diskette in the … . 3. There are 84 keys in the… of the computer. 4. A central … coordinates and controls the activities of all other units. 5. An output … is the part of a computer that puts out information. 6. A … is a combination of a screen and a keyboard. 7. We use magnetic disks to … information. 8. The function of this unit is to … different arithmetic operations. 9 Input and output units are means of … between the computer and the user. 10. The … of a computer can serve (служит) as an elec-
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UNIT I. Lesson 3
tronic blackboard and demonstrates an idea, a concept or a process. 11. … unit is a section of the computer which takes information from outside. 12. One of the forms of computer output is output on paper with the help of the … . 13. This programming language is very helpful for the … .
9. Прочтите слова, назовите способы образования
имени существительного от глагола:
To combine – combination, to communicate – communication, to impress – impression, to profess – profession, to depend – dependence, to instruct – instruction, to differ – difference, to perform
– performance, to attend – attendance, to discuss – discussion, to express – expression, to decide – decision, to divide – division.
10. Прочтите предложения. Поставьте их в вопро-
сительной и отрицательной форме.
a)1. We have a new teacher this year. 2. I have three lessons today.
3.She has two children. 4. This computer has two disk drives.
5.A mouse has a special button for control.
b)1. We had a meeting a week ago. 2. Ann had a laboratory class in the YAMAHA room yesterday. 3. Mr. Brown had a family of his own. 4. I had a good program for this computer. 5. His grandmother had two sisters.
c)1. The Institute will have a computer centre next year. 2. We shall have a new gym-hall in a month. 3. My sister will have an exam in maths’ next term (семестр). 4. The students will have a seminar tomorrow. 5. I shall have a new interesting book next month.
11. Прочитайте и переведите текст.
Completely electronic device
There are many different kinds of computers in the world today. Computers are operating at the bank, in your car, and at the grocery store. Many of these computers are special-purpose com-
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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса
puters; that is, they serve specific functions. There are also generalpurpose computers in the office, at home, and at school, versatile enough to handle all kinds of tasks. The existence of all these different types of computers raises an important question: What is a computer? Simply put, a computer is a device that processes raw data into useful information. But from that perspective, a typewriter, a calculator, or even an abacus could be called a computer. What distinguishes a computer from other information-processing devices are three basic characteristics.
1)A computer is completely electronic. That is, all its functions are carried out with electrical signals.
2)A computer can remember information and hold it for future use. Computers do this on a temporary basis with memory circuits and permanently with storage devices such as magnetic disk and tape.
3)A computer is programmable. Unlike other devices built to perform a single function or limited range of functions a computer can be instructed to do whatever task we tell it to do. This opens up a vast realm of possibilities for computers to solve problems for us in everyday life: at home, at school, or at work.
The most common kind of general-purpose computer in use today is the personal computer or microcomputer. It gets the name microcomputer from the tiny electronic device, called the microprocessor, that does the actual processing. The use of personal computers has grown greatly during the last ten years. Only a few million personal computers were in use in 1980, so they were a relative novelty. Now there are almost a hundred million in this country alone.
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UNIT I. Lesson 4
UNIT I.
Lesson 4
Topic: Micros
Grammar revision: to have in the Indefinite Tenses. Construction there is/are
Commands, messages
Лексика, грамматика
1. Вставьте нужную форму глагола to have:
1.This professor … many French books. 2. They … a German class tomorrow. 3. … you a tape-recorder? 4. I … holidays last month. 5. We … two lectures tomorrow. 6 My brother … many friends. 7. They … a large family. 8. … he much work to do yesterday? 9. … the user … a new program next week? 10. … we… a meeting tomorrow?
2. Переведите на английский язык:
1. У него большая семья. 2. У вашей сестры есть дети? – Да, у нее двое детей: мальчик и девочка. 3. У этого преподавателя много групп (groups). 4. У нас не было занятий по английско- му языку вчера. 5. У вас много книг по (on) информатике? 6. У нас будет 5 экзаменов в следующем семестре (term). 7. У меня было много друзей в школе. 8. У них завтра не будет семина- ра. 9. Сколько раз (times) в неделю у вас занятия в компьютер- ном классе? 10. Центральный процессор имеет связь со всеми блоками компьютера.
Construction there is/are
Оборот there + to be (is, are. Was, were, will be) соответствует русскому есть, имеется, находится и употребляется для выра- жения наличия или отсутствия какого либо лица или предме- та в определенном месте:
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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса
Утвердительная форма |
Вопросительная форма |
Отрицательная форма |
There is a library in |
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Pushkin street. На |
Is there a library in |
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улице Пушкина нахо- |
There is no library in |
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дится библиотека. |
Pushkin Street? |
Pushkin Street. |
There are five books on |
Are there five books on |
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the table. На столе |
There are not five books |
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имеется 5 книг. |
the table? |
on the table. |
There was a meeting at |
Was there a meeting at |
There was no meeting at |
the faculty. На фа- |
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культете состоялось |
the faculty? |
the faculty. |
собрание. |
Will there be a new fa- |
There will be no new |
There will be a new |
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faculty in the Institute. |
culty in the Institute? |
faculty in the Institute. |
В институте будет но- |
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вый факультет. |
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3. Прочтите предложения. Поставьте их в вопроси- тельной и отрицательной форме, переведите (см. таблицу на пред. Странице).
1.There is a large park in our town. 2. There are many laboratories in our Institute. 3. There are four computer rooms at the Mathematical department. 4. There will be colour monitors in the computer room. 5. There was a bus atop not far from the Institute.
6.There are 16 lessons in the textbook. 7. There were few instructions on the desk. 8. There is a library, two reading-halls and a computer centre on the ground floor of the University. 9. There will be many students at the conference tomorrow, 10. There were books on information science in his library.
4. Составьте предложения с оборотом there+ to be:
а) в настоящем времени: There is … .
There are … .
(Physics department, many clubs, three reading-halls, a colour monitor, a microcomputer, a dean’s office, an old park, textbooks, и computer centre).
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