Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса. Учебное пособие

UNIT 2. Lesson 8

devices serve doctors in their work. 7. A technophobia, the fear of machines and computers, is a social problem of computer technology. 8. Scientists study all these problems to find the way out.

а) чтобы найти выход; б) сочинять; в) боязнь машин; г) экономить много времени; д) служить; е) помогать вести де- ла; ж) обучение с помощью компьютера; з) вести записи.

11. Прочтите и постарайтесь понять основное со-

держание текста:

Why not to buy a computer?

A microcomputer system is a significant investment. Before you decide to purchase one, you need to think seriously about what you want to do. Do you plan to write the next Great American Novel? Publish a newsletter? Or just write occasional correspondence? Do you want to keep the books for your new business? Track your local softball team’s batting averages? Or do your own household budget? There are innumerable tasks you can do with a computer; assessing your needs carefully can make the difference between owning a highly useful tool and watching your computer gather dust. But even knowing what you want to do with the computer, how do you find out what fits your needs? Experience is best; possibilities include your school’s computer lab, friends who can show you the ropes, computer rental & ers.

Selecting a computer family is decision you face. A family is a group of similar computers built around a common standard. The IBM PC (and IBM-compatible computers) and the Apple Macintosh (Mac) are both families. Because each uses a different method for control-iftware, different types of programs tend to operate better on computers in one family than on those of another. The Mac has built a reputation around manipulating graphics. The Macintosh is therefore popular with people, and desktop publishers, who produce material that is highly visual. Apple has expanded this niche by designing Macs to be very easy to use; they require very little setup and are nearly ready to run right out of the box. This “plug and play” aspect of the Macintosh has been one of its major selling points.

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

The PC is known for its flexibility and ability to manipulate data. This is one of the reasons for its use by financial analysts and database managers. A few years ago the differences between IBM and Macintosh were much more pronounced. Today, the gap is narrowing with the growing popularity of Windows and OS/2, as PCs become more graphics oriented. It has also become much easier to get the kind of computer system you want pre-configured to your needs, so that getting started with a PC is nearly as simple as with the Mac. The bewildering variety of choices being offered makes the buying decision more complex, however, and requires you to enough about microcomputers to an intelligent choice.

Ultimately, though, the most important factor in a buying decision is making sure it will handle the job(s) you have in mind. This means that the computer family you need will depend on the specific software you choose and the hardware needed to run it. However, you should keep the differences between computer families in mind as you try out software and hardware.

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UNIT 3. Lesson 9

UNIT 3.

Lesson 9

Topic: Computers in Everyday Life Grammar revision: The Present Simple Tense Commands, messages

Лексика, грамматика

1. Поставьте глаголы в форму 3-го лица единствен-

ного числа Present Simple. Обратите внимание на правиль- ное чтение окончания –(e)s (см. табл.).

To play, to translate, to help, to operate, to live, to use, to run, to process, to store, to make, to teach, to close, to draw, to finish.

The Present Simple Tense

2. Прочтите предложения. Обратите внимание на

форму глагола-сказуемого, на структуру вопросительных и отрицательных предложений.

A.I study at the Mathematics Department. My friend studies at the same department. We perform many computer operations. This group of students does research. I also do research. They attend lectures regularly. He also attends each lecture.

B.Do you do reseach? Does he do mathematics? Do they study different aspects of this problem? Does a computer help to

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

solve many important problems? Do computers translate into foreign languages? Does your sister teach English?

C. This work does not take much time. You do not work much. He does not study at Physics Department. She doesn’t attend lectures. We do not live in this town. They don't discuss such problems.

3. Поставьте глагол в скобках в Present Simple:

1.The students (to take) books from the library. 2. This student (to put out) wall newspapers. 3. We (to begin) our work at 9 a.m. 4. My sister (to study) Russian. 5. The pupils (to learn) how to operate a computer. 6. This computer (to operate) well.

7.Computers (to process) large volumes of data. 8. My friend (to play) chess. 9. My friends (to translate) from and into foreign languages. 10. He (to look) through morning newspapers every day.

4. Поставьте предложения в отрицательной и во- просительной форме:

1. I speak English well. 2. This professor gives them lectures on the subject. 3. My father works at the University. 4. They study at the Preparatory Department. 5. Computers do calculations and draw diagrams. 6. This pupil draws well. 7. You like this program. 8. A computer does sums in a short period of time. 9. We often see him in the computer room. 10. She knows Latin.

5. Спросите своих товарищей по группе:

1.What subjects they study; 2) what newspapers they read; 3) if his (her) friend studies at the University; 4) what language his (her) friend speaks; 5) if he (she) attends lectures regularly; 6) if they take part in conferences; 7) if he knows BASIC; 8) whose lectures they like best.

6. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным членам пред- ложения. Используйте вопросительные слова: who, what, whom, which, where, why, how many (much), how often, when.

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UNIT 3. Lesson 9

1. My friend lives in Minsk. 2. Computers help doctors in their work, in medical and laboratory research. 3. Our Institute trains future teachers. 4. The second term (семестр) begins in February. 5. She teaches algebra. 6. He spends much time in the library to make a report. 7. We listen to his lectures on Saturdays. 8. This mathematican works in the Academy of Sciences. 9. Computers do 500,000 sums per second. 10. I work in the computer room every day.

7. Прочтите и переведите текст.

Computers in Everyday Life

An electronic computer is one of the greatest achievements of the man. Today computers play chess, compose music, translate from and into foreign languages, help to solve many important problems in science, engineering, business. They save a lot of time and energy, operate at great speed, store large quantities of information, carry out long and complex operations. There are some categories of computer application: business, science, medicine, engineering, education, home.

The business segment is one of the largest. Computers process a large volume of data in a short period of time. No man can do 500,000 sums per second, but a modern computer can. Databases, speadsheets, and word-processors help business to run more efficiently, make administrative work easier.

In science and engineering, computers do calculations, draw diagrams, process the results of experiments, keep records, help with different kinds of chores.

In medicine databases, diagnostic devices, monitoring systems serve doctors in their work, in medical and laboratory research.

The ability to work with a computer is a necessary basic skill today. In primary and secondary schools pupils learn how to operate a computer. Computer-agsisted instruction helps students to study at their own pace more intensively, and helps teachers to do their work more creative.

At home most often people use personal computers to play video games or for education, to teach children. Computers serve as word-processors, electronic message centers and finance devices.

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

There are some social problems of computer technology; The most important is the elimination of jobs by computers. Nother problem is the invasion of privacy , the security of all confidential data banks. Still another is a technophobia, a fear of machines in general and of computers in particular. Very often the technophobia is the result of the elimination of jobs or the invasion of privacy. Scientists study all these problems to find a way out, because computer technology has a great potential for more progressive transformation of our society.

Команды, сообщения

8. Просмотрите рисунки, иллюстрирующие перво-

начальные значения названий команд, постарайтесь опре- делить эти значения, сверьте ваш вариант ответа с правиль- ным (дан в перевернутом виде). Познакомьтесь с функция- ми команд.

Дает возможность повторить одну и ту же команду для каждого операнда.

Используется для запуска специаль- ной программы управления каким- либо устройством.

9. Названия команд, представленные ниже, отчасти

уже знакомы вам.

А. Подберите к командам слева соответствующие русские эквиваленты их первоначального значения справа.

UNIT 3. Lesson 9

Б. Опираясь на первоначальное значение слов, подберите к командам слева соответствующие им функции, представ- ленные справа (количество функций превышает количест- во команд).

1.print а) установление даты/числа

б) установление количества файлов, которые могут 2.files быть одновременно открыты операционной систе-

мой

3.format в) печать файла на принтере 4.date г) форматирование диска

д) повторение одной и той же команды для каждо- го операнда

10. Некоторые команды представлены в сокращен-

ном виде. Их названия вам известны, познакомьтесь с их функциями.

11. Ниже приведены 10 названий команд, о значе-

ниях и функциях которых вы узнали. Заполните таблицу, разделив команды на группы в зависимости от их формы.

DATE, TIME, PRINT, KEYB, DRIVPARM, FILES, FORMAT, FOR, DEVICE, DIR

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UNIT 3. Lesson 10

UNIT 3.

Lesson 10

Topic: Warped keyboard makes for easier use

Grammar revision: The degrees of comparison of adjectives

Лексика, грамматика

1. Образуйте сравнительные и превосходные сте-

пени от данных слов:

Great, high, low, intensive, interesting, bad, easy, much, old, young, well, comfortable, good, popular, difficult, long, little, complex, narrow, clever, simple, far.

2. Употребите слова в скобках в нужной степени сравнения:

1.Moscow is (old) than St Petersburg. 2. February is (short) than March. 3. 6 is (little) than 8. 4. An electronic computer is one of (great) achievements of man. 5. What is (important) unit in the computer? 6. To be late is (badly) than to be early. 7. The Sudan is (large) country in Africa. Its territory is (many) than 2,505,800 sq. km. 8. The Lena is (long) river in Russia. 9. PASCAL is (practical) than BASIC. 10. It is (easy) exercise in this lesson.

3. Заполните пропускипредлогами, гденеобходимо:

1. Today computers translate … and … foreign languages. 2. They operate … great speed. 3. Computers process a large volume of data … a short period … time. 4. A modern computer can do 500,000 sums … second. 5. In science computers help … different kinds of chores. 6. In schools pupils learn how to operate … a computer. 7. One of the social problems is the elimination of

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Язык информационных технологий и бизнеса

jobs … computers. 8. Computer technology has a great potential

…more progressive transformation of our society.

4. Подберите в тексте английские предложения, которые дополняют содержание данных русских:

1. Компьютеры проникают во все сферы деятельности че- ловека. 2. Широкое использование компьютеров объясня- ется их огромными потенциальными возможностями. 3. Использование компьютеров в коммерческой деятельно- сти – одно из главных областей их применения. 4. Совре- менная научно-исследовательская работа не может обой- тись без вычислительной техники. 5. Компьютеры помо- гают врачам в медицинских и лабораторных исследованиях. 6. Обучение с помощью компьютеров про- никает в стены школ и институтов. 7. Компьютер стано- вится другом человека в его доме. 8. Использование ком- пьютерной техники приводит к ряду социальных про- блем.

5. Ответьте на вопросы:

1.Why is an electronic computer one of the greatest achievements of man? 2. What are the categories of computer applications? 3. What do you know about business applications of computers? 4. How do computers help scientists and engineers? 5. What is a computer application in medicine? 6. What place do computers occupy in education? 7. How do people use computers at home? 8. What are social problems of computer technology? 9. What is a technophobia?

6. Восстановите интервью, данное корреспонденту журнала «Компьютер Пресс» английским социологом:

Journalist: …...........

Sociologist: Computers are very popular in England today. 90% of young people at the age of 12-19 have an experience how to operate a computer.

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