Нормальная физиология. В 3 частях. Ч.3. Обмен веществ, энергия и терморегуляция, пищеварительная и выделительная системы. Учебное пособие
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ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ «Ɋɟɚɜɢɡ»
ɇɈɊɆȺɅɖɇȺə ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂə
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɜ ɬɪɟɯ ɱɚɫɬɹɯ
ɑɚɫɬɶ 3
ɈȻɆȿɇ ȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɗɇȿɊȽɂə ɂ ɌȿɊɆɈɊȿȽɍɅəɐɂə, ɉɂɓȿȼȺɊɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ɂ ȼɕȾȿɅɂɌȿɅɖɇȺə ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
2025
ɍȾɄ |
612 |
ȻȻɄ |
28.707.3 |
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ɇ |
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Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ |
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ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ |
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ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ «Ɋɟɚɜɢɡ» |
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Ɇɚɫɥɹɤɨɜ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ; |
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ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ |
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ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ «Ɋɟɚɜɢɡ» |
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ɍɪɹɞɨɜ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɢɱ |
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Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ-ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ |
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ɉɨɥɢɞɚɧɨɜ Ɇ Ⱥ ɋɭɥɚɣɦɚɧɨɜɚ ɊɌ Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱥ ȼ Ʉɚɪɩɰɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ |
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Ʉɨɥɩɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇ ɗ ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ Ɋɉ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɚ Ɇ Ɋ ɉɪɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ Ɇ Ⱥ |
ɇ |
ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟɩɨɫɨɛɢɟɜɬɪɟɯɱɚɫɬɹɯ ɑɚɫɬɶ3.Ɉɛɦɟɧ |
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ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢ |
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ɫɬɟɦɵ / Ɇ Ⱥ ɉɨɥɢɞɚɧɨɜ ɊɌ ɋɭɥɚɣɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ⱥ ȼ Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜ ȿ ȼ Ʉɚɪɩɰɨɜɚ |
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Ɇ ɗ Ʉɨɥɩɚɤɨɜɚ Ɋɉ ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ Ɇ Ɋ ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɚ ɆȺ ɉɪɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ – ɋɚɧɤɬ- |
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ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ«Ɋɟɚɜɢɡ»,2025. – 153 ɫ |
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ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɫɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɨɫ |
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ɧɨɜɵ ɩɨ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɨɣ ɢ ɥɢɦɮɚɬɢɱɟ |
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ɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɢ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. |
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Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɱɟɬɵɪɶɦɹ ɝɥɚɜɚɦɢ «Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ |
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ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ», «Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɢ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ», «Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɢ |
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ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ», «Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ». |
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ɉɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɭɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ |
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ɧɨɝɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɚ. |
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ɉɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɨɛɭɱɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɬɨɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ |
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ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɸ |
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ɍȾɄ |
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ȻȻɄ |
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© Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ«Ɋɟɚɜɢɡ», 2025 |
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© ɉɨɥɢɞɚɧɨɜ Ɇ Ⱥ ɋɭɥɚɣɦɚɧɨɜɚ ɊɌ Ʉɨɥɟɫɧɢɤɨɜ Ⱥ ȼ |
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Ʉɚɪɩɰɨɜɚ ȿ ȼ Ʉɨɥɩɚɤɨɜɚ Ɇ ɗ ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ Ɋɉ |
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ɋɟɪɝɟɟɜɚ Ɇ Ɋ ɉɪɢɜɚɥɨɜɚ Ɇ Ⱥ |
2
ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ |
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ȽɅȺȼȺ ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂə ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɉɂɓȿȼȺɊȿɇɂə .............................. |
7 |
1.1.ɈȻɓȺəɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄȺɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺɉɂɓȿȼȺɊȿɇɂə................... |
7 |
1.2.ɗɌȺɉɕɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺɉɂɓȿȼȺɊȿɇɂə....................................................... |
17 |
1.2.1. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ................................... |
17 |
1.2.1.1.Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ.... |
18 |
1.2.1.2.Ⱥɤɬ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɥɸɧɧɵɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ........................................... |
19 |
1.2.1.3. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɸɧɵ................................................... |
20 |
1.2.1.4. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɸɧɵ................................................................................... |
22 |
1.2.1.5.Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɥɸɧɧɵɯɠɟɥɟɡ.............................. |
24 |
1.2.1.6.ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɢɳɢɧɚ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ..................................... |
24 |
1.2.1.7.ɂɧɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹɫɥɸɧɧɵɯɠɟɥɟɡ Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ............... |
25 |
1.2.1.8.Ⱥɤɬ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ.......................................................................................... |
28 |
Ⱥɤɬɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹ........................................................................................ |
29 |
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹɜɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ...................................................... |
30 |
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ................................................................................ |
30 |
Ⱥɧɚɬɨɦɨ-ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ........................... |
32 |
ɀɟɥɟɡɵɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ................................................................................... |
33 |
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɯɠɟɥɟɡ................................ |
34 |
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɢɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɪɨɥɶ |
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ɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ............................................................................................... |
36 |
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ....................................................... |
38 |
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɢɳɢɧɚɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɭɸɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɸ.......................... |
41 |
Ɇɨɬɨɪɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ................................................................ |
42 |
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ............................................. |
44 |
ɗɜɚɤɭɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ...................................................... |
45 |
1.2.3. ɉɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟɜɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣɤɢɲɤɟ......................................... |
47 |
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɢɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ |
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ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ..................................................................................... |
47 |
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ............... |
49 |
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣɠɟɥɟɡɵ.................................... |
50 |
3
ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɚɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɚ.......... |
53 |
ɏɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɠɟɥɱɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɠɟɥɱɟɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ |
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ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ................................................................................................... |
55 |
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɠɟɥɱɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɜ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɢ......................................... |
56 |
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɠɟɥɱɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ |
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ɢ ɠɟɥɱɟɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ....................................................... |
58 |
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɠɟɥɱɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɢɠɟɥɱɟɜɵɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ |
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ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɨɩɨɪɨɠɧɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɭɡɵɪɹ................... |
59 |
ɉɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟɜɬɨɧɤɨɦ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɟ.......................................................... |
61 |
ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɚ ɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ |
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ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɢ.................................................................................................. |
62 |
Ɏɟɪɦɟɧɬɵɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɚ................................................................. |
63 |
ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɟɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɚ ................................................................ |
64 |
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ.......................................................... |
64 |
Ɍɢɩɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɦ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɟ.......................................... |
66 |
Ɇɨɬɨɪɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚɢ ɟɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ................... |
68 |
1.3.ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄȺəɋɍɓɇɈɋɌɖȼɋȺɋɕȼȺɇɂə............................... |
72 |
ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ |
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ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ.................................................................................. |
73 |
ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɵɟɢɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ |
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ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɟɟɝɨɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ........................................... |
74 |
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ............................................................................ |
76 |
1.3.4.Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɢ ɩɭɬɢɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ .............................. |
78 |
1.3.5.Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ............................................................... |
80 |
1.4.ɉɂɓȿȼȺɊȿɇɂȿȼɌɈɅɋɌɈɆɄɂɒȿɑɇɂɄȿ........................................... |
81 |
Ɇɨɬɨɪɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɬɨɥɫɬɨɝɨɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ................................................. |
82 |
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ.............................. |
83 |
1.5.ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇɕȿɉɊȿȾɋɌȺȼɅȿɇɂəɈɅɈɄȺɅɂɁȺɐɂɂ |
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ɋɌɊɈȿɇɂɂɂɎɍɇɄɐɂəɏɉɂɓȿȼɈȽɈɐȿɇɌɊȺ ......................................... |
84 |
Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɢɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɥɨɞɚ...................................................................................................... |
86 |
Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ |
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ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ............................................................................................... |
87 |
4
Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ |
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ɟɝɨ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ............................................................................................... |
88 |
Ɏɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɚɠɞɵ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɟɟ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.....89 |
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ȽɅȺȼȺ ɈȻɆȿɇȼȿɓȿɋɌȼ ɂɗɇȿɊȽɂɂ ɉɂɌȺɇɂȿ............................... |
91 |
2.1.ɈȻɆȿɇȼȿɓȿɋɌȼɂɗɇȿɊȽɂɂ................................................................... |
91 |
Ɉɛɳɚɹɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɢɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ................................. |
91 |
Ɉɛɦɟɧɛɟɥɤɨɜ............................................................................................. |
92 |
2.1.3. Ɉɛɦɟɧɥɢɩɢɞɨɜ.......................................................................................... |
94 |
Ɉɛɦɟɧɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ........................................................................................ |
97 |
ȼɨɞɧɨ-ɫɨɥɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ................................................................................ |
98 |
ɉɟɱɟɧɶɢɟɟɪɨɥɶɜɨɛɦɟɧɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ....................................................... |
103 |
ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧɵɢɢɯɪɨɥɶɜɨɛɦɟɧɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ................................................. |
104 |
ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɛɚɥɚɧɫ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ........................................................ |
107 |
Ɉɛɳɢɟɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɨɛɦɟɧɚɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ...................................... |
110 |
2.2.ɉɂɌȺɇɂȿ...................................................................................................... |
112 |
Ɉɛɳɢɟɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢɩɢɳɢ ɉɢɳɟɜɨɣɪɚɰɢɨɧ |
|
ɢɟɝɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ......................................................................................... |
112 |
Ɂɚɤɨɧɢɡɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɢɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ɇ Ɋɭɛɧɟɪɚ |
|
ɢ ɟɝɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɢ................................................................................................ |
118 |
Ɋɟɠɢɦɩɢɬɚɧɢɹɢɟɝɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ................................. |
119 |
Ɋɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ............................................................................ |
120 |
ɉɢɬɚɧɢɟɥɢɰɩɨɠɢɥɨɝɨɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚ............................................................ |
121 |
2.2.6.ɋɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɩɢɳɢ..................................... |
121 |
ȽɅȺȼȺ ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂə ȼɕȾȿɅɂɌȿɅɖɇɈɃ ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ..................... |
123 |
3.1.ȼɕȾȿɅɂɌȿɅɖɇɕȿɈɊȽȺɇɕɂɂɏɁɇȺɑȿɇɂȿ...................................... |
123 |
3.2.ɋɌɊɈȿɇɂȿɉɈɑȿɄ ɈɋɈȻȿɇɇɈɋɌɂɄɊɈȼɈɋɇȺȻɀȿɇɂə............... |
124 |
3.3.ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇȺəɌȿɈɊɂəɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂəɆɈɑɂ................................. |
125 |
3.4.ɉɈɊɈȽɈȼɕȿɂȻȿɋɉɈɊɈȽɈȼɕȿȼȿɓȿɋɌȼȺ...................................... |
127 |
3.5.ɉɈɇəɌɂȿɄɅɂɊȿɇɋȺɉɈɑȿɄ.................................................................. |
128 |
3.6.ɉɈȼɈɊɈɌɇɈ-ɉɊɈɌɂȼɈɌɈɑɇȺəɋɂɋɌȿɆȺɉɈɑȿɄ......................... |
128 |
3.7.ɇȿɃɊɈȽɍɆɈɊȺɅɖɇȺəɊȿȽɍɅəɐɂəɆɈɑȿɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɇɂə.............. |
130 |
3.8.ɆɈɑȿȼɈɃɉɍɁɕɊɖ ȿȽɈɊɈɅɖɂɆȿɏȺɇɂɁɆɈɉɈɊɈɀɇȿɇɂə ..... |
132 |
5
ȽɅȺȼȺ ɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊȺɌȿɅȺɂȿȿɊȿȽɍɅəɐɂə................................... |
134 |
4.1.ɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊȺɌȿɅȺɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ............................................................ |
134 |
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ |
|
ɤɚɤɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ.............. |
134 |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɟɥɚɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ..................................................................... |
135 |
ɋɭɬɨɱɧɵɟɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵɬɟɥɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ................................. |
135 |
Ɍɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɭɱɚɫɬɤɨɜɤɨɠɧɵɯɩɨɤɪɨɜɨɜ |
|
ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ....................................................................................... |
136 |
4.2.ɌȿɉɅɈɉɊɈȾɍɄɐɂə................................................................................... |
137 |
Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɨɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ......................................................... |
137 |
Ɉɛɦɟɧɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɤɚɤɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɟɩɥɚ................................. |
137 |
Ɋɨɥɶɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜɜɬɟɩɥɨɩɪɨɞɭɤɰɢɢ.......................................... |
138 |
4.3.ɌȿɉɅɈɈɌȾȺɑȺ............................................................................................ |
139 |
4.3.1. Ɋɨɥɶɬɟɩɥɨɨɬɞɚɱɢɜɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ...................................................... |
139 |
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣɩɨɬɨɤɬɟɩɥɚɢɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɟɝɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ..................... |
139 |
ȼɧɟɲɧɢɣɩɨɬɨɤɬɟɩɥɚɢɟɝɨɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ............................................... |
140 |
4.4.ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂɑȿɋɄɂȿɆȿɏȺɇɂɁɆɕɌȿɊɆɈɊȿȽɍɅəɐɂɂ ............... |
141 |
ɉɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ..................................... |
142 |
ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ |
|
ɰɟɧɬɪɵ ɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ................................................................................. |
143 |
ɇɟɪɜɧɨ-ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ.............................. |
144 |
4.5.ɎɍɇɄɐɂɈɇȺɅɖɇȺəɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɈȻȿɋɉȿɑɂȼȺɘɓȺə |
|
ɉɈȾȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿɉɈɋɌɈəɇɋɌȼȺɌȿɆɉȿɊȺɌɍɊɕɌȿɅȺ.......................... |
146 |
ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖɇɕȿ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɕ ............................................................................ |
148 |
ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ............................................................... |
152 |
6
ȽɅȺȼȺ ɎɂɁɂɈɅɈȽɂə ɋɂɋɌȿɆɕ ɉɂɓȿȼȺɊȿɇɂə
1.1. ɈȻɓȺə ɏȺɊȺɄɌȿɊɂɋɌɂɄȺ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȺ ɉɂɓȿȼȺɊȿɇɂə
ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ
ɉɨɞ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɢɳɟ ɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɞɨɩɪɨɫɬɵɯɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɥɢɲɟɧɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɵɯɤɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɸɢɭɱɚɫɬɢɸɜɨɛɦɟɧɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɜɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɑɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɝɟɬɟɪɨɬɪɨɮɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸ ɳɢɦɩɪɨɫɬɵɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɜɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɯɨɞɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵɩɢɳɢɩɨɞɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɮɟɪ ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜɜɩɢ ɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɧɵɦɢ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɠɢɪɵ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶ ɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɜɨɞɚ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ ȼ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɨɪɝɚ ɧɢɡɦ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟɞɥɹɧɟɝɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɢɩɥɚɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɜɨɞɚ ɦɢ ɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɥɢ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ ɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦ ɜ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ Ʉɥɟɬɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɸɬ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɣ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭ ɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɞɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɧɚɛɠɚɸɬɫɹ
ɷɧɟɪɝɢɟɣ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɦ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɠɢɡ ɧɟɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɵɦ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɢɳɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟɟɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɭɯɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɣ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɜ ɪɨ ɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɤɢ ɢɥɢ ɛɨɥɸɫɵ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɳɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɭɸ ɤɚɲɢɰɭ – ɯɢɦɭɫ.
ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ – ɷɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɠɢ ɪɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɮɟɪ
7
ɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɨɜ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱ ɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɦɨɥɟɤɭ ɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥ ɜɨɞɵ ɱɬɨ ɜɟɞɟɬ ɤ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɪɨ ɫɬɵɯ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɝɢɞɪɨ ɥɢɡɨɦ ɚ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɢɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɚɡɚɦɢ ȼɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɨɤɨɜɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹɬɪɢɜɢɞɚɝɢɞɪɨɥɚɡ ɩɪɨɬɟɚɡɵ ɪɚɫ ɳɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɞɨ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɥɢɩɚɡɵ – ɠɢɪɵ ɢ ɥɢɩɢɞɵ ɞɨ ɦɨɧɨɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɨɜ ɢ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɤɚɪɛɨɝɢɞɪɚɡɵ – ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɞɨ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ
ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɳɢɦ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɠɢ ɪɨɜ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɦɮɭ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɞɚ ɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɫɨɥɢ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵɭɫɜɚɢɜɚɸɬɫɹɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɦɜɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɧɨɦɜɢɞɟ
Ɍɢɩɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ:
Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɞɜɚɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢɬɢɩɨɜɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ
I. ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɚɡ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɬɪɢ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɢɳɟ ɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɭɬɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɧɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ
Ⱥɭɬɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɷɤɡɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɢɞɪɨ ɥɚɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɢɳɟɣ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɛ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɨ ɟɳɟ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭ ɧɨɜɨɪɨɠɞɟɧ ɧɵɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ
ɋɢɦɛɢɨɧɬɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɢɧɬɟ ɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɫɢɦɛɢɨɧɬɚɦɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɬ ɟ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɢɦɢ ɩɢɳɟ ɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɥɫɬɨɦ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɝɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɱɚɬɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɥɢɝɚɬɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɚ ɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɪɨɥɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɟɜɟɥɢɤɚ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ
ɋɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ – ɷɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɦ ɉɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɫɨɛ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɦɚɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
II. ɉɨ ɥɨɤɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɢ ɜɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ
ȼɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɢɥɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɦ Ɉɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɤɭɞɚ ɦɟɥɶɱɚɣɲɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɭ
8
ɬɟɦ ɮɚɝɨɰɢɬɨɡɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɢɧɨɰɢɬɨɡɚ ɷɧɞɨɰɢɬɨɡɚ ɉɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɝɥɨɳɟɧɧɵɯ ɱɚ ɫɬɢɰ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɡɨɫɨɦɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɚɡɚɦɢ ɜ ɰɢɬɨɡɨɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɤɭɨɥɢ ɉɨɥɭɱɟɧɵ ɞɚɧɧɵɟ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɧɧɟɦ ɩɨɫɬɧɚɬɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ ɭ ɦɥɟ ɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɰɢɬɵ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɷɧɞɨɰɢ ɬɨɡɭ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɟɤ ɩɢɳɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɦɭ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɸ
ȼɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɟɞɭɳɢɦ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ Ɉɧɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ Ⱥ Ɇ ɍɝɨɥɟɜɚ ɨɧɨ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɢ ɩɪɢɫɬɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ
ɉɨɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɹɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚ ɧɚɥɚ Ƚɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɫɨɤɨɜ–ɫɥɸɧɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɠɟ ɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɨɜ ȼ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɢɦɟ ɸɬɫɹ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɳɢɟ ɨɬ ɨɩɪɟ ɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɇ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɜ ɢɯ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɸ ɳɟɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ. ɉɨɥɨɫɬɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɯɢɦɭɫɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɯ ɱɚɫɬɢɰ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɫɥɢɡɢ ɫɬɵɯɤɨɦɨɱɤɨɜ ɫɥɭɳɟɧɧɵɯɷɧɬɟɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ȼɯɨɞɟɩɨɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹɨɛɪɚɡɭ ɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɨɥɢɝɨ ɦɟɪɵ Ⱦɚɧɧɵɣ ɬɢɩ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɞɢɫɬɚɧɬɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɟɪɟ ɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɞɟɬ ɜ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɧɨɣɨɬ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɝɢɞɪɨɥɚɡ
ɉɪɢɫɬɟɧɨɱɧɨɟ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɨɟ ɢɥɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɦɥɟɤɨɩɢɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɨɦ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɟ ɧɚ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɧɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɟ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɚ ɜɧɟ- ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɚɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɜɵɪɨɫɬɨɜ ɢɥɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɜɨɪɫɢɧɨɤ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɨɣ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɭɸ ɳɟɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɤɚɣɦɭ ɋɧɚɪɭɠɢ ɳɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɣɦɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɚ ɝɥɢɤɨɤɚɥɢɤ ɫɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɢɦ ɢɡ ɦɭɤɨɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɧɢɬɟɣ ɢ ɋɚ2+-ɦɨɫɬɢɤɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɢɲɟɱ ɧɨɣɫɥɢɡɶɸ ɉɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢɩɨɞ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨɢɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɨɜ ɚɞɫɨɪɛɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢɜɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɦɫɥɨɟ ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɷɬɚɩɵ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɨɥɢɝɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɞɨ ɞɢɦɟɪɨɜ Ʉɨɧɟɱ ɧɵɟ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɢɦɟɪɨɜ ɞɨ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɢ ɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɚɩɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɵ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ȼ ɧɟɩɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨɣ ɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɬɚ ɩɨɜ ɝɢɞɪɨɥɢɡɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɦɨɧɨɦɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɢɥɢ ɥɢɦɮɭ
9
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ
ɋɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɭɸ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚɦɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɢ
ɉɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢɡɜɢɬɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɤɭ ɞɥɢɧɨɣ ɨɤɨɥɨ – ɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɨɬɨɜɵɦ ɢ ɡɚɤɚɧɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬ ɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɦ ȼ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɢɣ ɨɬ ɞɟɥɵ ȼɟɪɯɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɪɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɨɬɤɭ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞ ɠɟɥɭ ɞɨɤ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ȼ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɨɛɴɟɞɢ ɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɢ ɜɟɫɶ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤ ɇɢɠɧɢɣ ɨɬɞɟɥ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɬɨɥɫɬɵɦ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɨɦ ɀɟɥɭɞɨɤ ɬɨɧɤɚɹ ɢ ɬɨɥɫɬɚɹ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɵɣ ɬɪɚɤɬ
ȼɟɫɶ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɚɧɚɥ ɡɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɨɞ ɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɟ ɬɪɭɛɱɚɬɨɟ ɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ȿɝɨ ɫɬɟɧɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɫɥɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ ȼ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɨɬɤɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟ ɥɚɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞɚ ɢ ɜ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɩɨɥɨɫɚɬɵɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɚɤɬɨɜ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹ ɞɟɮɟɤɚɰɢɢ ȼɨɫɬɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɬɞɟɥɚɯɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɚɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɵ ɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɢ ɬ ɟ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ
ȼɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɤɚɧɚɥɚɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɸɬɫɹɜɵɜɨɞɧɵɟɩɪɨɬɨɤɢɩɢɳɟ ɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɩɟɱɟɧɢ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɢ ɞɪ
Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ Ȼɨɥɶɲɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɨɬɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɪɟ ɮɥɟɤɫɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɨɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ Ƚɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɚɫɬɪɨɢɧ ɬɟɫɬɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɦɢ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɦɢ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɚɦɢ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɪɹɞɨɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɟɫɶɦɚ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵ ɂɯ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɚɡɞɟ ɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
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