Нормальная физиология. В 3 частях. Ч.3. Обмен веществ, энергия и терморегуляция, пищеварительная и выделительная системы. Учебное пособие

Ʉɢɲɟɱɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɜ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤ Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɧɟɪɜɧɨ-ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ. ɇɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧ ɧɚɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɤɚɲɢɰɚ ɫɥɚɛɨɤɢɫɥɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɨɫɦɨ- ɢ ɯɟɦɨɪɟ ɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜ ɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ Ⱥɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɤɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɜɫɨɫɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɶ ɚɦɢ ɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ

Ƚɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɦɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱ ɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɚɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɦɢ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɟ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɝɚɫɬɪɢɧɨɦ ɦɨɬɢɥɢɧɨɦ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢɧɨɦ ɯɨɥɟɰɢɫɬɨɤɢɧɢ ɧɨɦ ɂɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɭɸ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɸ

Ʉɢɲɟɱɧɚɹɮɚɡɚɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹɨɬ1 ɞɨ3 ɱ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸ

ɳɢɯ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɸ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ

–ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɠɢɪɨɜɢ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥɚ

–ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟɪɇ ɞɭɨɞɟɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨɧɢɠɟ 3,0;

–ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɵ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɝɚɫɬɪɨɧ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɝɥɸɤɚɝɨɧ ɫɨɦɚɬɨ

ɫɬɚɬɢɧ ȼɂɉ Ƚɂɉ ɢ ɞɪ

ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɢɳɢɧɚɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɭɸɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɸ

ɀɟɥɟɡɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɥɢɡɶ ɢ ɩɢ ɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣɫɨɤ ɉɨɫɥɟɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɜɪɨɬɨɜɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɢɥɢɩɪɢɜɢɞɟɩɢɳɢ ɟɟ ɡɚɩɚɯɟ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɟɞɨɣ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɤɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɋɤɪɵɬɵɣ ɥɚɬɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɠɟ ɥɭɞɤɚ ɧɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɨɤɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ – ɦɢɧ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɤɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɢɥɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɂɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɉ ɉ ɏɢɠɢɧɵɦ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɂ ɉ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɚɤɚɯ ɫ ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɠɟɥɭ ɞɨɱɤɨɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɚ ɚɬɚɤɠɟɩɪɨ

ɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɝɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɢɳɢ ɬ ɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɢɞɭ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ ɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɗɬɨ ɹɜɥɟ ɧɢɟɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɠɟɥɟɡ Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ

41

ɧɚɥɢɱɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɥɚɛɨ ɪɚɬɨɪɢɢɂ ɉ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ɜɤɨɬɨɪɵɯɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɵɤɪɢɜɵɟɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɧɚɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɩɢɳɭ ɋɨɛɚɤɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɥɢ ɯɥɟɛ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɟɠɢɪɧɨɟ ɦɹɫɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɟ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɠɢɪɵ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ

ɇɚɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹɩɨɤɚɡɚɥɢ ɱɬɨɧɚɱɚɥɨɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɩɪɢɥɸɛɨɦɩɢɳɟɜɨɦɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢ ɬɟɥɟɜɫɟɝɞɚɫɜɹɡɚɧɨɫɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɢɫɨɩɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɣɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɸ ɩɢɳɢ ɚɬɚɤɠɟɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɦɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦɫɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜɪɨɬɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɢɝɥɨɬɤɢ ɧɚɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɵɣɚɩɩɚɪɚɬɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ȼɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɜ1-ɣɱɚɫɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɢɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɠɟ ɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɯɥɟɛɚ ɢ ɦɹɫɚ ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɟɥɢ ɨɬ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɩɢɳɢ ȼ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɱɚɫɵ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɧɵɟ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ

Ȼɵɥɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɦɹɫɚ ɦɟɧɶɲɟ–ɯɥɟɛɚɢɦɨɥɨɤɚ Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɫɨɤɚɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɧɚɦɹɫɨɫɨɤ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ 7 ɱ ɧɚ ɯɥɟɛ – 10 ɱ ɧɚ ɦɨɥɨɤɨ – 6 ɱ Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟ ɫɬɜɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɹɫɚ ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ 2-ɝɨ ɱ ɯɥɟɛɚ – ɤ ɤɨɧɰɭ 1- ɝɨɱ ɦɨɥɨɤɚ – ɧɚ -ɦ ɱ

ɉɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɢɳɢ ɋɚɦɚɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɹɫɚ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɧɢɡɤɚɹ – ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɯɥɟɛɚ ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɬɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɭɱɲɟ ɪɚɫ ɳɟɩɥɹɟɬɛɟɥɤɢɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɚɫɧɢɡɤɨɣɤɢɫɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ– ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɝɨ

Ɇɨɬɨɪɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ

Ɇɨɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɤɟ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ. ɗɬɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɢɳɢ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɬ ɟ ɟɟɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɸ ɪɚɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɟɬɢɪɚɧɢɸɢɩɪɨɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸɞɚɥɟɟɜɞɜɟ ɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ

ȼ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɞɧɚ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɚ ɫɥɚɛɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɜɵɪɚ ɠɟɧɚ ɜ ɬɟɥɟ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬ ɜ ɡɨɧɟ ɩɪɢɜɪɚɬɧɢɤɚ

Ƚɥɚɞɤɨɦɵɲɟɱɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚɪɭɠɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɶ ɧɵɣ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɣ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɣ ɤɨɫɨɣ ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɚɤɬɚ ɟɞɵ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡ ɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɦɢɧɭɬɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ

42

ɩɢɳɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɭɦɟɧɶ ɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɣ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ ɜ ɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɨɦ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɤɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ Ȼɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɝɥɚɞɤɨɦɵɲɟɱ ɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɟɣ ɫɩɨɧɬɚɧɧɨɣ ɪɢɬ ɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɛɢɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɟɣɫɦɟ ɤɟɪ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶ ɪɢɬɦɚ ȿɝɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɭ ɜɨɥɧ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤ ɬɟɥɭ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɚɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɭ

ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɧɬɝɟɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɛɚɥɥɨɧ ɧɚɹ ɝɚɫɬɪɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ ɛɵɥɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɜɢɞɚ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯɦɵɲɰɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɢɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ.ɗɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɢ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɉɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧ ɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ȼɨɥɧɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɚɥɨɣ ɤɪɢɜɢɡɧɵ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɤɚɪɞɢɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɚ ɉɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɵ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɬɟɥɭ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɧɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚ ɡɨɦ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɉɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɨɣ ɪɚɡɚɜ1ɦɢɧ ɋɤɨɪɨɫɬɶɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɜɨɥɧɜɠɟ ɥɭɞɤɟɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɦ ɫ ɢ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɜ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨ – ɫɦ ɫ Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ

ɜ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɭ ɩɪɢɜɪɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ

ɋɢɫɬɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɚɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɨɥɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɫ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɟɦ ɦɵɲɰ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɗɬɢ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɪɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ Ɉɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɠɟ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɨɬɞɟɥɚɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɡɞɟɫɶɨɧɚɩɟɪɟɬɢɪɚɟɬɫɹɢɩɨɞɝɨɬɚɜɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɢ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ

Ɍɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɟɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹɦ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ Ɉɧɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɦɵɲɰ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɦ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɢ ɤ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɧɟɦ Ⱦɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɬɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɨɠɟɬɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶɨɬɨɞɧɨɣɞɨɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɦɢɧɭɬ ɉɪɢɷɬɨɦɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɨ ɧɟɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ – ɞɨ – ɉɚ – ɦɦ ɜɨɞ ɫɬ Ɍɨɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɦɵɲɰ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɞɧɚ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ

43

ɱɬɨɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɞɥɹɛɨɥɶɲɟɝɨɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɩɢɳɢɜɷɬɨɬɨɬɞɟɥɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ

ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹɦɟɠɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɬɢɩɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɣɫɹɝɨɥɨɞɨɜɵɦɢ

ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ

ɉɪɢ ɩɭɫɬɨɦ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɫɦɟɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɦ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɗɬɨɬ ɜɢɞ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɵɲɰ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɫɜɹɡɚɧ ɫ ɨɳɭɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɝɨɥɨɞɚ ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɠɟ ɥɭɞɤɚ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ – ɦɢɧ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɵ ɩɨɤɨɹ ɞɥɹɬɫɹ – ɦɢɧ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɉɟɪɢɨɞɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɟɞɵ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ

Ʉɪɨɦɟɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯɜɢɞɨɜɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɜɠɟɥɭɞɤɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɚɧɬɢɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶ ɬɢɤɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɚɤɬɟ ɪɜɨɬɵ

Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ

Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯɢ ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ

ɇɟɪɜɧɚɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

ɉɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɢɯ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɭ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɢɥɚ ɢ ɪɢɬɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɠɟ ɥɭɞɤɚ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟ ɧɢɣ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɹ ɯɢɦɭɫɚ

Ⱦɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɢɝɪɚɸɬ ɞɢɚɮɪɚɝɦɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɧɟɪɜɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨ ɥɨɤɧɚ

ɋɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɱɪɟɜɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɚɦɢ ɉɪɢ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ ɥɟɧɧɨɟ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ

ȼ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɝɚɧɝɥɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ

ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɩɨɞɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɟ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɟ ɫɭɛɫɟɪɨɡɧɨɟ ɢ ɦɟɠɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɟɚɭɷɪɛɚɯɨɜɨ ɫɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤ ɰɢɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɦɟɠɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɟ ɫɩɥɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɭɸɳɟɟ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɭ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ

44

Ƚɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɭ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɨɛɪɚ ɡɭɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɦ ɬɪɚɤɬɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɵ

ɉɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɭɜɥɢɹɧɢɣɧɚɦɨɬɨɪɧɭɸɮɭɧɤɰɢɸɠɟɥɭɞɤɚɜɫɟɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟɮɚɤ ɬɨɪɵ ɦɨɠɧɨɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶɧɚɞɜɟɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɟɢ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɸɳɢɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɢɤɭ

ɋɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ

1)ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ – ɦɨɬɢɥɢɧ ɝɚ ɫɬɪɢɧ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ Ɋ

2)ɝɨɪɦɨɧɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣɠɟɥɟɡɵ– ɢɧɫɭɥɢɧ

3)ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ–ɝɢɫɬɚɦɢɧ ɚɰɟɬɢɥɯɨ

ɥɢɧ

4)ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɢɨɧɵɄ+.

ɂɧɝɢɛɢɪɭɸɬɦɨɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ

1)ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɢ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨ-ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɤɬɚ – ɷɧɬɟɪɨɝɚɫɬɪɨɧ ȼɂɉ ɯɨɥɟɰɢɫɬɨɤɢɧɢɧ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢɧ Ƚɂɉ

2)ɝɨɪɦɨɧ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɧɚɞɩɨɱɟɱɧɢɤɨɜ – ɚɞɪɟɧɚɥɢɧ

3)Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɚɤɬɢɜɧɵɟɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɢɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɵ–ɫɟɪɨɬɨɧɢɧ ɧɨɪɚɞɪɟ

ɧɚɥɢɧ Ȼɨɥɶɲɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɢɝɪɚɟɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɟ

ɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞɚ ɠɟ ɥɭɞɤɚ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɵɦ Ɍɚɤ ɦɨɳɧɵɦɢ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɹɬɨɪɚɦɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɤɬ ɟɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɢɳɟɣ ȼ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɧɵɣ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɝɚɫɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ ɇɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ

ɠɢɪɚ ɢ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ

1.2.2.10 ɗɜɚɤɭɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ

Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɸ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɤɚɲɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɤɚɪɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɟɝɨ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɤ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɤɢɞɚɟɬ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɤ

ɇɚ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɸ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ

– ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɥɨɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ

45

–ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɦ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɨɣ

–ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɯɢɦɭɫɚ

–ɨɫɦɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɇɢ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ

–ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɩɪɢɜɪɚɬɧɢɤɚ

–ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɧɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣɤɢɲɤɢ

ɋɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨ ɝɞɚ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɥɭɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɉɪɢ ɪɚɫɬɹɠɟ ɧɢɢ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɷɜɚɤɭɚɰɢɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɲɢɰɵ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ ɉɢɳɚ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ – ɱ ɍɝɥɟ ɜɨɞɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɷɜɚɤɭɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɛɨɝɚɬɚɹ ɛɟɥɤɚɦɢ ɚ ɠɢɪɧɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɡɚ ɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɞɨ – ɱ ɀɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬɶ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɠɟ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɤ ɏɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɩɨɤɢɞɚɟɬ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɤ ɛɵɫɬɪɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɩɥɨɯɨ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɧɚɹ

ɉɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɤɚɲɢɰɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɨɪɰɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪ Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨ ɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɚ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɤɚɲɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɤ ɩɢɥɨ ɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɭ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɹɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɟɝɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ȼɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟɪɟɰɟɩ ɬɨɪɨɜɱɟɪɟɡɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɟɧɟɪɜɵɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɪɚɫɫɥɚɛɥɟɧɢɸɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɮɢɧɤ ɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɢɸ

Ɋɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɠɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɵɦ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ȼ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɢ ɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɟɜɵɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɋɮɢɧɤɬɟɪ ɛɭ ɞɟɬ ɡɚɤɪɵɬ ɞɨ ɬɟɯ ɩɨɪ ɩɨɤɚ ɯɢɦɭɫ ɜɨɥɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɩɨ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɟ

Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɢ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ

Ɉɬɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɨɣ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱ ɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɑɚɫɬɶ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɲɢɰɵ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɣɜɦɟɫɬɨɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ Ʉɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɹ ɧɚ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɭɸ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɭ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤ ɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɭɫɤɭɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɩɪɢɜɪɚɬɧɢɤɚ ɬ ɟ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɚ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨ ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɝɨɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚɩɢɳɟɜɨɣɤɚɲɢɰɵɢɡɠɟɥɭɞɤɚɜɤɢ ɲɟɱɧɢɤ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɥɢɹ ɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɫɨɤɨɜ ɢ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɧɨɜɶ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɜɟɫɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ

46

ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɟɬɫɹ Ɂɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɩɢɥɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɨɥɹɧɨɣ ɤɢɫ ɥɨɬɵɜɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸɤɢɲɤɭɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɨɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟɡɚɩɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ

1.2.3. ɉɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟɜɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣɤɢɲɤɟ

ɋɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɷɬɚɩɨɦɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɢɩɢɳɟɜɨɣɤɚɲɢɰɵɢɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯɫɹɜɧɟɣɩɢ ɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɤɚɧɚɥɚ ɏɢɦɭɫ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɣ ɢɡ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɩɟ ɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɸ ȼ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɟ ɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɪɹɞ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨɮɭɧɤɰɢɨ ɧɚɥɶɧɵɯɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɞɥɹɩɪɨ ɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ

ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɤɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɚ– ɫɨɤɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɤ ɠɟɥɱɶ ɢ ɫɟɤ ɪɟɬɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯɛɪɭɧɧɟɪɨɜɵɯɠɟɥɟɡɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣɤɢɲɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɢɦɟɟɬ ɫɥɚɛɨɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɸ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɦɭɰɢɧ ɢ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ

ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɤɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɭɸ ɪɟɚɤ ɰɢɸ ɱɬɨɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɪɟɚɤɰɢɸɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨɢɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɭɪɇɜɞɭɨɞɟɧɭɦ Ɍɚɤ ɧɚɬɨ ɳɚɤ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɚ ɪɇ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ –8,0.

ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɷɬɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɠɟɥɭ ɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɟɩ ɫɢɧɨɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ

ȼ-ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɵɯ ɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɨɜ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɪɢ ɜɢɞɚɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɯɛɟɥɤɢ ɠɢɪɵɢ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɵ ɱɬɨɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɜɵ ɫɨɤɭɸ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ

1.2.3.1. ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɢɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ

ɗɤɡɨɤɪɢɧɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɚɰɢɧɨɡɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɨɧ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɗɩɢ ɬɟɥɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɜ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɛɨɝɚɬɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɚɦɢ ɋ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɷɬɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ȼɢɪɡɭɧɝɢɟɜ ɩɪɨɬɨɤ ɩɪɨɯɨ ɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɫɸ ɬɤɚɧɶ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɢ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ

47

ɫɡɚɞɢ ɢɥɢ ɜ – ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɨɛɳɢɦ ɠɟɥɱɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɯɭɲɤɟ ɮɚɬɟɪɨɜɚ ɫɨɫɨɱɤɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɝɨ ɞɭɨɞɟɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɨɱɤɚ

ɉɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɛɟɫɰɜɟɬɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɧɭɸ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɚɜɧɚ – ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ – 1007– ɍ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɡɚ ɫɭɬɤɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹ ɟɬɫɹ - ɦɥ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭ ɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɨɞɵ ɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɲɚɹɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɭɯɨɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ

Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɢ-ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɉɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɬɪɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɮɟɪɦɟɧ ɬɨɜ ɩɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɚɦɢɥɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ.

Ⱥ ɉɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɹɪ ɧɵɟ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɵ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ – ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɨɦɨɥɟɤɭ ɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɨɜ ɉɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɭ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɞɟɥɹɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɷɧɞɨɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡɵ ɢ ɷɤɡɨɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡɵ

ɗɧɞɨɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡɵ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɩɟɩɬɢɞɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɦɢ ɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɜ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟ ɛɟɥɤɚ Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɬɪɢɩɫɢɧ ɯɢɦɨɬɪɢɩɫɢɧ ɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɚɡɚ.

Ɍɪɢɩɫɢɧ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɢ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɬɪɢɩɫɢ ɧɨɝɟɧɚ Ɉɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɷɧɬɟɪɨɤɢɧɚɡɵ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɚ ɜ ɞɚɥɶ ɧɟɣɲɟɦ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɚɭɬɨɤɚɬɚɥɢɡɚ

ɏɢɦɨɬɪɢɩɫɢɧ ɢ ɷɥɚɫɬɚɡɚ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɨɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ – ɯɢɦɨɬɪɢɩɫɢɧɨɝɟɧɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɷɥɚɫɬɚɡɵ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɬɪɢɩɫɢ ɧɨɦ ɗɤɡɨɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡɵ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɰɟɜɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɦɢ ɜ

ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɟɛɟɥɤɚ ɋɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢɷɬɢɯɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡɵ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ

Ʉɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡɵ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦɢ ɜ ɧɟɚɤ ɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ – ɩɪɨɤɚɪɛɨɤɫɢɩɟɬɢɞɚɡ Ⱥ ɢ ȼ ɂɯ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɟ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɬɪɢɩɫɢɧɚ

Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɧɞɨɢ ɷɤɡɨɩɟɩɬɢɞɚɡ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɨɥɢɝɨɩɟɩ ɬɢɞɵ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɟ ɜ ɬɨɧɤɢɣ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤ

ȼ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɫɨɤɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɧɝɢɛɢɬɨɪɵ ɩɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ Ɉɧɢɢɦɟɸɬɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɜɩɪɟɞɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɢɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɨɩɟɪɟɜɚɪɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɚɭɬɨɥɢɡ

Ȼ Ʌɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɸɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɷɦɭɥɶɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɨɜ ɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɞɨ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɧɚ ɢ ɦɨ ɧɨɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɨɜ

48

ɉɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɞɜɚ ɥɢɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ – ɮɨɫɮɨɥɢ ɩɚɡɭ Ⱥ2 ɢ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɥɢɩɚɡɭ

Ɏɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɚɡɚ Ⱥ2 ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɪɨɮɨɫɮɨɥɢɩɚɡɵ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɢɩɫɢɧɨɦ Ɉɧɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɮɨɫɮɚɬɢɞɢɥɯɨɥɢɧ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ ɷɮɢɪɵ ɠɢɪɨɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɨɜ

ɉɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɥɢɩɚɡɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɨɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɥɧɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɢɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɋɚ2+ ɠɟɥɱ ɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚ ɤɨɥɢɩɚɡɵ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɭɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɟ ȼ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɣ ɠɟɥɱɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɥɤɢɟ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɷɦɭɥɶɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɠɢɪɨɜ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɦɟɪ ɠɢ ɪɨɜɵɯ ɤɚɩɟɥɶ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɶ ɜɨɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɥɢɩɚɡɵ ɉɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɥɢɩɚɡɚɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɟɬɬɪɢɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɵɫɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ ɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɢ ɦɨɧɨɝɥɢɰɟɪɢɞɚ

ȼ Ⱥɦɢɥɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ Į-ɚɦɢɥɚɡɨɣ ɦɚɥɶɬɚɡɨɣ ɥɚɤɬɚɡɨɣ ɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɚɡɨɣ

Į-ɚɦɢɥɚɡɚ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɦ ɜɢɞɟ ɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɹɟɬ ɦɨɥɟɤɭɥɵ ɤɪɚɯ ɦɚɥɚ ɢ ɝɥɢɤɨɝɟɧɚ ɞɨ ɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɜ ɦɚɥɶɬɨɡɵ ɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨɞ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɨɜ

ȼ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɤɚɬɢɨɧɚɦɢɧɚɬɪɢɹɢɤɚɥɢɹ ɚɧɢɨɧɚɦɢɇɋɈ3 ɢɯɥɨɪɚ Ɂɚɫɱɟɬɷɬɢɯ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɥɢɬɨɜ ɫɨɡɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɳɟɥɨɱɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ

Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ

Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɚɂ ɉ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɜ1879 ɝɨɞɭɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɦɟɬɨɞɢɤɭɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɢɫɬɭɥɵ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ. ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɫɬɟ ɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɸɬ ɐɟɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɲɤɢ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɲɜɚɦɢ ɚ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɭɱɚɫɬɨɤɫ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɵɦɩɪɨɬɨɤɨɦ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɜ ɤɨɠɧɭɸ ɪɚɧɭ ɋɚɦɚɩɨɫɟɛɟɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɧɟɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɟɧɢɣɢɯɨɪɨɲɨɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɢɬɫɹɠɢ ɜɨɬɧɵɦɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɨɩɟɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɚɤɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɬɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɭɯɨɞɟɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɦɪɚɰɢɨɧɟ ȼɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɮɢɫɬɭɥɵɩɚɧ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚ ɜɢɞɨɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɋɭɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɭɸɤɢɲɤɭ ɧɚɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɧɚɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɸɬ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɭɸ ɮɢɫɬɭɥɭ ɉɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟ ɮɢɫɬɭɥɶɧɨɣ ɬɪɭɛɤɢ ɜɜɨɞɹɬ ɤɚɧɸɥɸ ɜ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤ ɢ

49

ɫɨɛɢɪɚɸɬ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɉɨɫɥɟ ɨɤɨɧɱɚɧɢɹ ɨɩɵɬɚ ɤɚɧɸɥɸ ɢɡ ɩɪɨɬɨɤɚ ɭɞɚ ɥɹɸɬ ɮɢɫɬɭɥɶɧɭɸ ɬɪɭɛɤɭ ɡɚɤɪɵɜɚɸɬ ɢ ɫɨɤ ɬɟɱɟɬ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɤɢɲɤɢ

ɋɨɛɢɪɚɧɢɟɢɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɱɢɫɬɨɝɨɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨɫɨɤɚɭɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚɜɧɨɪ ɦɚɥɶɧɵɯɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯɤɪɚɣɧɟɡɚɬɪɭɞɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ Ɇɨɠɧɨɥɢɲɶɩɭɬɟɦ ɡɨɧɞɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɢɩɟɪɫɬɧɨɣɤɢɲɤɢɢɡɜɥɟɱɶɧɟɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɣɫɨɤ ɚɞɭɨ ɞɟɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɟ

Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣɠɟɥɟɡɵ

Ɋɨɥɶ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɜ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɜɩɟɪɜɵɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɜ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢ ɂ ɉ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚ ȼ ɨɩɵɬɚɯ ɫ ɩɟɪɟɪɟɡɤɨɣ ɢ ɪɚɡ ɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɬɨɤɨɦ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɛɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɷɬɢ ɧɟɪɜɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɵɦɢɞɥɹ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ

ɂ ɉ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɢɥ ɱɬɨɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ

ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ Ɉɞ ɧɚɤɨ ɛɥɭɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɟɪɜɵ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɦ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬ ɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɬɫɹ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ

ɉɨ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɩɪɨ ɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɮɚɡɵ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɚɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɤɢɲɟɱ ɧɚɹ

ɋɥɨɠɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɨɫɭ ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ

ɍɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɢɞ ɩɢɳɢ ɟɟ ɡɚɩɚɯ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɳɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɨ ɜɤɭɫɧɨɣ ɩɢɳɟ ɢɥɢ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ ɨ ɧɟɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɚ ɢ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɚ ɝɨɥɨɞɚ ȼ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɯ ɐɇɋ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚ ɦɭɫɟ ɬɚɥɚɦɭɫɟ ɥɢɦɛɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɤɨɪɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɢɞɭɳɢɯ ɨɬ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɥɭɯɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ȼ ɤɨɪɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜ ɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɇɢɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɬɜɨɡɛɭɞɢɦɨɫɬɶɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɚɩɪɨɞɨɥ ɝɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɹ ɩɨɞɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɧɤɪɟɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨ

ɞɢɬɩɨɞɜɥɢɹɧɢɟɦɧɟɪɜɧɵɯɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɢɞɭɳɢɯɨɬɤɨɪɵɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɦɨɡɝɚɤɩɨɞ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɟ

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