Нормальная физиология. В 3 частях. Ч.3. Обмен веществ, энергия и терморегуляция, пищеварительная и выделительная системы. Учебное пособие

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɫɭɯɨɝɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɪɭɩɩɚɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ

1.Ȼɟɥɤɢ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɢɧɵ ɝɥɨɛɭɥɢɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɝɥɨɛɭɥɢɧɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɚɦɢɧɨɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ȼ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚɯ ɜ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɵɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɫ ɚɝɝɥɸɬɢɧɨɝɟɧɚɦɢ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɨɜ

2.ɇɟɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɟ ɚɡɨɬɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɟ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɚ ɚɦɦɢɚɤ ɤɪɟɚɬɢ ɧɢɧ ɤɪɟɚɬɢɧ ɢ ɞɪ

3.ȼɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɭɤɨɢɞɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɵ ɦɭɰɢɧ ɦɭɤɨɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ Ɇɭɰɢɧ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɢɳɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚ ɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɸɫɚ ɨɛɥɟɝɱɚɟɬ ɚɤɬ ɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹ

4.Ʌɢɡɨɰɢɦ, ɦɢɟɥɨɩɟɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɧɭɤɥɟɚɡɵ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɰɢɞɧɵɦ ɷɮ ɮɟɤɬɨɦ ɚ ɥɢɡɨɰɢɦ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɤɚɪɢɟɫɧɨɟ ɢ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɹ

5.ɉɪɨɞɭɤɬɵɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɦɨɧɨɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɥɚɤɬɚɬ ɩɢɪɭɜɚɬ ɰɢɬɪɚɬ

6.Ɏɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ȼ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨ ɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɫɥɚɛɨɳɟɥɨɱɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ

ɢ ɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɥɸɧɵ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɚɥɶɮɚ ɚɦɢɥɚɡɚ ɢ ɦɚɥɶɬɚɡɚ Ⱥɥɶɮɚ-ɚɦɢɥɚɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɤɪɚɯɦɚɥ ɩɨɥɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞ ɪɚɫ ɳɟɩɥɹɟɬ 1,4-ɝɥɢɤɨɡɢɞɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɞɟɤɫɬɪɢɧɨɜ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ – ɦɚɥɶɬɨɡɵ ɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɵ ɞɢɫɚɯɚɪɢɞɵ Ɇɚɥɶɬɚɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɦɚɥɶɬɨɡɭ ɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɨɡɭ ɢ ɪɚɫɳɟɩ ɥɹɟɬ ɢɯ ɞɨ ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ȼ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɨɛɧɚɪɭɠɟɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɵɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɬɟɚɡɵ ɫɚɥɢɜɚɢɧ ɝɥɚɧɞɭɥɚɢɧ ɤɚɬɟɩɫɢɧ ɩɟɩɬɢ ɞɚɡɵ ɥɢɩɚɡɚ ɮɨɫɮɚɬɚɡɵ ɢ ɞɪ Ɏɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɸɬ ɜ ɫɥɸɧɭ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɯ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɢɡ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɟ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢ ɬɨɜ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɛɚɤɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ

7.Ɏɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɚɥɥɢɤɪɟɢɧ-ɤɢɧɢɧɨɜɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɝɢɚɥɭɪɨɧɢɞɚɡɚ Ɉɧɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɸɬ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɬɨɧɭɫ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɚ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ

8.Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵɫɢɫɬɟɦɵɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹɤɪɨɜɢɢɮɢɛɪɢɧɨɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɜɟɪ ɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ

9.Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɵ ɢ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ – ɩɚɪɨɬɢɧ ɢɧɫɭɥɢ ɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɨɤ ɪɨɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɩɨɷɬɢɧ ɬɢɦɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɣ ɮɚɤɬɨɪ

10.ȼɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ ɚɫɤɨɪɛɢɧɨɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɜɢɬɚɦɢɧɵ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ȼ ɩɚɧɬɨɬɟɧɨ ɜɚɹ ɮɨɥɢɟɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɢ ɞɪ

21

1.2.1.4.Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɥɸɧɵ

ȼɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɰɟɥɵɣ ɪɹɞ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ

ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɨɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɢ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɩɢɳɢ

1. ɋɥɸɧɚ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɹɟɬ ɩɢɳɭ, ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɝɨɦɨɝɟɧɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɩɪɢ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɢ

2. ȼ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɹɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɥɢ ɫɚɯɚɪɚ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛ ɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɰɟɩɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɥɢɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɫɬɢɦɭ ɥɨɜ – ɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɶɤɨɝɨ ɫɥɚɞɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɨɥɟɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɹ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɨɳɭɳɟ ɧɢɣ

3. ɋɥɸɧɚɫɤɥɟɢɜɚɟɬ ɱɚɫɬɢɰɵ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɸɫɚ.

4. Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɦɭɰɢɧɚ ɛɨɥɸɫ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɡɤɢɦ ɱɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ

ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɧɢɹɚɤɬɨɜ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹ.

5. ɉɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ – ɚɥɶɮɚ-ɚɦɢɥɚɡɵ ɢ ɦɚɥɶɬɚɡɵ.

ɉɢɳɚɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹɜɩɨɥɨɫɬɢɪɬɚɧɟɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɞɧɚɤɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜɫɥɸɧɵɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹɟɳɟɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɨɟɜɪɟɦɹɜɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɗɬɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɦ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɨɤ ɩɨɩɚɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɤ ɩɪɨɩɢɬɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɢɫɥɵɦ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɦ ɫɨɤɨɦ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɦɢɧ ȼ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ

6. ɋɥɸɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɨɜ

7. ɋɥɸɧɚɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬɜɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯɬɟɪɦɨɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɜɪɨɬɨɜɨɣɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɟ ɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɭ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɩɢɳɢ

ɉɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟɧɚɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɝɨɦɟɨɫɬɚɡɚɜɪɨ ɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ

1. ɋɥɸɧɚɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɡɚɳɢɬɧɵɦɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ:

ɚ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɭɸɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɭɢɷɦɚɥɶɡɭɛɨɜɨɬɜɵɫɵɯɚɧɢɹ

ɛ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹ ɟɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɨɬɦɵɜɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɥɸɧɵ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɡɧɚɱɢ ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɬɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟ ɫɬɜɚ

22

ɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɛɵɫɬɪɭɸ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɭ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɟɱɟɧɢɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɢ

ɝ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɵɦɢ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɛɢɤɚɪɛɨɧɚɬɧɭɸ ɮɨɫɮɚɬ ɧɭɸ ɢ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɭɸ ɛɭɮɟɪɧɭɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɪɇ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ

ɞ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚɯ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɬɚ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɥɢɡɨɰɢɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɨɧ ɥɚɤɬɨɮɟɪɪɢɧ ɦɢɟɥɨɩɟ ɪɨɤɫɢɞɚɡɚ ɤɚɬɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɛɟɥɤɢ ɧɭɤɥɟɚɡɵ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢ ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɣɬɪɨɮɢɥɶɧɵɟ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɵ ɢ ɦɚɤɪɨɮɚɝɢ

ɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɦɢɤɪɨɛɧɵɣ ɢɦɦɭɧɢɬɟɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɤɨɦɩɟ ɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɢɦɦɭɧɨɝɥɨɛɭɥɢɧɨɜ ɫɥɸɧɵ

ɠ ɩɪɟɞɨɬɜɪɚɳɚɟɬ ɪɚɡɦɧɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɮɥɨɪɵ

2.ɗɤɫɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɦɨɱɟɜɢɧɚ ɦɨɱɟɜɚɹ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɚ ɥɟɤɚɪ ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɯɢɧɢɧ ɫɬɪɢɯɧɢɧ ɢ ɪɹɞ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɢɜɲɢɯ ɜ ɨɪ ɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɫɨɥɢ ɪɬɭɬɢ ɫɜɢɧɰɚ ɚɥɤɨɝɨɥɶ

3.Ɍɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨ ɜɚɬɶ ɨɛɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɬɚ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɟ ɪɟɝɟɧɟɪɚɰɢɸ ɢ ɪɟɩɚɪɚɰɢɸ

4.Ɇɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɟɥɢ ɱɢɧɟ ɪɇ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɩɟɪɟɧɚɫɵɳɟɧɚ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɤɚɥɶ ɰɢɹ ɮɨɫɮɨɪɚ ɮɬɨɪɚ ɧɚɬɪɢɹ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɬɜɟɪɞɵɟ ɬɤɚɧɢ ɡɭɛɚ ɉɪɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɢ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɪɇ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɦɢɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɭɸɳɢɣ ɷɮ ɮɟɤɬ

5.ɂɧɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɪɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɚɪɨɬɢɧɨɦ ɢɧɫɭɥɢɧɨɩɨɞɨɛɧɵɦ ɛɟɥɤɨɦ ɬɢɦɨɬɪɨɩɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɷɩɢɞɟɪɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɪɨɫɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ

6.ɋɥɸɧɚ ɭɜɥɚɠɧɹɟɬ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɭɸ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɭ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɮɨɧɚɰɢɢ.

7.Ɂɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɧɟɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɜɨɞɧɨ-ɫɨɥɟɜɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

23

1.2.1.5.Ɇɟɬɨɞɵɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɫɥɸɧɧɵɯɠɟɥɟɡ

Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɨɫɬɪɵɟ ɢ ɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ Ɉɫɬɪɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɢɡɭɱɚɬɶ ɭɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɸ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ

ɛɢɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɵ ɠɟɥɟɡɢɫɬɵɯ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɫ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɨɜ ɏɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟɦɟɬɨɞɵɞɚɸɬɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɢɡɭɱɢɬɶɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɭɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢɠɟɥɟɡɢ ɫɞɜɢɝɢɜɫɨɫɬɚɜɟɫɥɸɧɵɩɪɢɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɢɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɩɢɳɟɜɵɯɢɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɦɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ȼɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɢɢɂɉ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɚɟɝɨɭɱɟɧɢɤɨɦȾɅ Ƚɥɢɧɫɤɢɦ(1895)ɛɵɥɚɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɚɧɚɢ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɹɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯɪɨɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɢɫɬɭɥɵɫɥɸɧɧɨɣɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɍɫɨɛɚɤɢ ɩɨɞ ɧɚɪɤɨɡɨɦ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɸɬ ɤɭɫɨɱɟɤɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɤɨɬɨ

ɪɨɝɨɢɦɟɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɩɪɨɬɨɤɚ ɨɤɨɥɨɭɲɧɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɋɥɸɧɧɨɣɩɪɨɬɨɤɧɟ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɛɵɬɶɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧ Ɂɚɬɟɦɩɪɨɤɚɥɵɜɚɸɬɳɟɤɭ ɢ ɜɵɪɟɡɚɧɧɵɣɤɭɫɨɱɟɤɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢɱɟɪɟɡɨɬɜɟɪɫɬɢɟɩɪɨɤɨɥɚɜɵɜɨɞɹɬɧɚɧɚɪɭɠɧɭɸɩɨɜɟɪɯɧɨɫɬɶɳɟɤɢ ɑɟɪɟɡɧɟ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɪɚɧɚ ɡɚɠɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬɧɚɪɭɠɭɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɬɨɤ ɫɥɸɧɧɨɣɠɟɥɟɡɵ

ɉɟɪɟɞɨɩɵɬɨɦɤɳɟɤɟɫɨɛɚɤɢɭɦɟɫɬɚɜɵɯɨɞɚɩɪɨɬɨɤɚɩɪɢɤɥɟɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɪɨɧɤɭ ɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɨɞɜɟɲɢɜɚɸɬ ɝɪɚɞɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɛɢɪɤɭ ȼ ɧɟɟ ɫɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɤɚɩɫɭɥɚ Ʌɟɲɥɢ– Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɝɨɪɫɤɨɝɨ

1.2.1.6.ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɩɢɳɢɧɚ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ

ɂ ɉ ɉɚɜɥɨɜɵɦɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɚɜɟɫɶɦɚɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɢ ɬɨɧɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟ ɥɟɡ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɬɜɟɪɝɚɟɦɵɦɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɟɦɥɟɦɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ Ȼɵɥɨ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɟɦɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɵ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ.

Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɟɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɧɵɣ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɢɳɟ ɜɨɝɨ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚ ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɢɳɢ ɜɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɵ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟ ɧɢɹ ɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɫɳɟɩ ɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɨɜ ȿɫɥɢ ɫɨɛɚɤ ɜ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɧɟɬ ɚɦɢɥɚɡɵ ɢ ɦɚɥɶɬɚɡɵ ɫɨɞɟɪ ɠɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɢɳɟ ɬɨ ɜ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɷɬɢ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ

Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɩɢɳɢ ȿɫɥɢ ɜ ɩɢɳɟ ɫɨɞɟɪ ɠɢɬɫɹ ɦɚɥɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɩɪɢ ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɯɚɪɟɣ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɫ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɠɟ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɩɢɳɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɟɧɨ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɞɵ ɬɨ ɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬɫɹ

24

ɋɥɸɧɚ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɚɹɫɹɩɪɢɩɨɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɢɜɪɨɬɨɜɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɩɢɳɢ ɨɬɥɢɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɬ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɴɟɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɢɫɥɨɬɵ ɳɟɥɨɱɢ ɩɟɫɤɚ ȼ ɫɥɸɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɣɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɜɟ ɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɨɧɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɚ ɦɭɰɢɧɨɦ ɩɪɢɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɟɣ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɶ ɉɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢɜɪɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɧɟɫɴɟɞɨɛɧɵɯ ɨɬɜɟɪ ɝɚɟɦɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɠɢɞɤɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɛɟɞɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɨɟɞɢɧɟ ɧɢɹɦɢ ɬɚɛɥ

Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1.2

ɋɨɫɬɚɜ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɜɵɞɟɥɢɜɲɟɣɫɹ ɡɚ ɦɢɧ ɢɡ ɫɦɟɲɚɧɧɵɯ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɫɨɛɚɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɜɟɞɟɧɢɢɜɪɨɬɨɜɭɸɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɫɪɟɞɧɢɟɞɚɧɧɵɟ

Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɫɦɵɜɚ ɸɬɫɹ ɫɨ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ȿɫɥɢɜɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɪɬɚɩɨɩɚɞɟɬɤɢɫɥɨɬɚɢɥɢɳɟɥɨɱɶ ɬɨɫɥɸɧɚɪɚɡɛɚɜɥɹɟɬɷɬɢɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ

ɢɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɢɯ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ

1.2.1.7.ɂɧɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹɫɥɸɧɧɵɯɠɟɥɟɡ Ɋɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ

ɑɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɚɦɢ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɪɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɫ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɦ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ

ɬɪɨɣɧɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɝɥɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɉɨ ɷɬɢɦ ɧɟɪɜɚɦ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɐɇɋ ɨɬ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɐɟɧɬɪ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɪɟɬɢɤɭɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɝɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɜɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɝɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ Ɉɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜ ɥɟɧ ɧɢɠɧɢɦ ɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɢɦ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɹɞɪɚɦɢ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɟ ɹɞɪɨ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɚ ɧɢɠɧɟɟ ɹɞɪɨ ɹɡɵɤɨɝɥɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɚ

25

ɗɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ ɗɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦɢ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɦɢɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɢɧ ɧɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɤɚɠɞɭɸ ɫɥɸɧɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟ

ɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɜɟɝɟɬɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɉɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɨɤɨɥɨɭɲɧɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɧɨɣ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɨɫɭ

ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɝɚɧɝɥɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɹɤɨɛɫɨɧɨɜɚ ɧɟɪɜɚ ɜɟɬɜɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɝɥɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨɧɟɪɜɚ ,;ɩɚɪɚɱɟɪɟɩɧɵɯɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɢɞɭɬɞɨɭɲɧɨɝɨɝɚɧ ɝɥɢɹ Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɨɫɬɝɚɧɝɥɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɢ ɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɨɤɨɥɨɭɲɧɭɸ ɫɥɸɧɧɭɸ ɠɟɥɟɡɭ ɉɨɞɱɟɥɸɫɬɧɚɹ ɢ ɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɱɧɚɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɵɦɢ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɛɚɪɚ ɛɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɭɧɵ ɥɢɰɟɜɨɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɚ 9,, ɩɚɪɚ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɵɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɢɞɭɳɢɦɢ ɞɨ ɩɨɞɴ ɹɡɵɱɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɨɞɱɟɥɸɫɬɧɨɝɨ ɝɚɧɝɥɢɟɜ ɝɞɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɝɚɧɥɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɉɪɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɪɚɫ

ɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɬɤɚ ɧɹɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɢ ɭɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɟɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɟɣ ɦɚɥɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ©ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɨɣª

ɋɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɚɰɢɹ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɟɝɚɧɝɥɢ ɨɧɚɪɧɵɦɢɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢɧɟɪɜɧɵɦɢɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɫɹɨɬɧɟɣɪɨ ɧɨɜ ɛɨɤɨɜɵɯ ɪɨɝɨɜ ɫɩɢɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ,, ,9 ɝɪɭɞɧɵɯ ɫɟɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɨɤɚɧ ɱɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɦ ɲɟɣɧɨɦ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɝɚɧɝɥɢɢ ȼ ɧɟɦ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬɫɹ ɷɮ ɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɫɬɝɚɧɝɥɢɨɧɚɪɧɵɟ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɵ ɢɧɧɟɪɜɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɟ ɠɟ ɥɟɡɵ ɉɪɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɨɬɦɟɱɟɧɵ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɟ

ɤɪɨɜɟɧɨɫɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɤɪɨɜɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɹɡɤɨɣ ɢ ɝɭɫɬɨɣ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ ɳɟɣ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ©ɬɪɨɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢª

ɉɪɢ ©ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢª ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɥɚɞɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɪɚɫɢɦɩɚɬɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɥɨɤɨɧ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɫɢɦɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ

ɋɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɨɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯɢɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɨɜ

ɋɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɬɢɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɜɤɭɫɨɜɵɯ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɜɵɯ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ Ɉɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɸɧɵɦɨɠɟɬɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹɢɩɪɢɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɢɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ ɧɨɦ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɢ

26

ȿɫɥɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɬɚ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɨɦ ɧɨɜɨɤɚɢɧɚ ɩɟ ɪɟɪɟɡɚɬɶ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɥɢ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɩɭɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɢɬɶ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟ ɥɟɧɢɹ ɬɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɧɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɟɬ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɗɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɢɬ ɞɨ ɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɫɟɤɪɟɰɢɢ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɉɪɢ ɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɥɚɛɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫ ɫɢɥɶ ɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɫ

Ȼɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɢ ɩɢɳɢ ɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɉɢɳɚ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɟɬ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɨ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɝɨɜɚɬɨɦ ɦɨɡɝɟ ɂɡ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟ ɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɨ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɵɦ ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ 9,, ɢ ,; ɩɚɪ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɵɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɯ ɠɟɥɟɡ ɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɫɥɸɧɭ

ɋɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɢ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ ȼɢɞ ɡɚ ɩɚɯ ɩɢɳɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɟ ɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɢɳɢ ɜɢɞ ɱɟɥɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɞɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɢɳɭ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɢɟ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɢ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫ ɤɨɪɦɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɸ ɫɥɸɧɵ ɉɪɢ ɜɢɞɟ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɟ ɩɢɳɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɢ ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɲɢɟɜ ɧɢɯɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɦɨɡɝɨɜɵɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɡɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɨɛɨɧɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɬɨɪɨɜ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɜ ɤɨɪɤɨɜɨɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɦ ɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ɉɬɬɭɞɚ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɞɟɬ ɜ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɝɨɜɚɬɵɣ ɦɨɡɝ ɛɭɥɶɛɚɪɧɵɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɨ ɷɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ ɤɫɥɸɧɧɵɦ ɠɟɥɟɡɚɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬɨɛɢɥɶɧɨɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɥɸɧɭ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɞɭɝɚ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɤɨɪɭ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ

ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɫɥɸɧɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɜɢɞɟ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɯɟ ɩɢɳɢ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɹɯ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ ɩɪɢɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɨɣ ɩɢɳɢ ɧɨ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɩɪɢ ɪɚɡɝɨɜɨɪɟ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɢ ɨ ɧɟɣ ɍ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɢ ɚɩɩɟɬɢɬɚ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɣɪɨɧɨɜ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟ ɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɚɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɨɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɭɳɟɣ ɨɬ ɪɟɰɟɩ ɬɨɪɨɜ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɸɳɢɯ ɢɡ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɝɢɩɨɬɚɥɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ

Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢɝɪɚɬɶ ɢ ɝɭɦɨ ɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ Ɍɚɤ ɨɛɟɞɧɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɨɳɧɵɦ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɨɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ Ʉɪɨɜɶ ɠɟ ɛɨɝɚɬɚɹ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɡɢɬ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ

27

ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɍɫɢɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟ ɧɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɭɝɥɟɤɢɫɥɨɝɨ ɝɚɡɚ ɩɪɢ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ Ɋɚɡ ɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɮɚɪɦɚɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɟɩɚɪɚɬɵ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɬɶ ɨɬɞɟɥɟ ɧɢɟ ɫɥɸɧɵ

1.2.1.8.Ⱥɤɬ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ

Ⱥɤɬ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢ ɜɚɟɬ ɢɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɢ ɫɦɚɱɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɫɥɸɧɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɭɸ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɨɛ ɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɩɢɳɢ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɤɚ-ɛɨɥɸɫɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤ ɬɨɪɧɨ ɫɬɢɦɭɥɢɪɭɟɬ ɫɥɸɧɨɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɢ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɢ ɬɨɧɤɨɝɨ ɤɢɲɟɱɧɢɤɚ

ȼ ɚɤɬɟ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɟɪɯɧɹɹ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɹɹ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɢ ɫ ɡɭɛ ɧɵɦɢ ɪɹɞɚɦɢ ɠɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ, ɦɵɲɰɵ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɦɹɝɤɨɝɨ ɧɟɛɚ, ɦɢɦɢ ɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɦɵɲɰɵ, ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɚɹ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫɥɸɧɧɵɟ ɠɟɥɟɡɵ.

Ⱥɤɬ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɟɪɟɨɬɢɩɧɵɣ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɸɳɢɣɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɢɠɧɟɣ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɢ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɣ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɦɛɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɨ ɫɬɭɩɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɜɪɚɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɜɢɫɨɱɧɨ-ɧɢɠɧɟɱɟɥɸɫɬɧɨɦ ɫɭɫɬɚɜɟ

ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɵ ɚɤɬ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɤɨ ɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɦ ɚɤɬɨɦ Ɉɧ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɛɚɡɟ ɛɟɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ-ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɸɳɢɦ ɜɥɢ ɹɧɢɟɦ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɩɨɞɤɨɪɤɨɜɵɯ ɹɞɟɪ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɤɪɚɫɧɨɟ ɹɞɪɨ ɢ ɱɟɪɧɚɹ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɍɱɚɫɬɢɟ ɜɵɫ ɲɢɯ ɨɬɞɟɥɨɜ ɐɇɋ ɜ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɚɤɬɚ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɰɢɸ ɫɨɤɪɚ ɳɟɧɢɣ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɦɵɲɰ ɱɟɥɸɫɬɧɨ-ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɢɡ ɜɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ȼ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɪɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɚɡ ɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɠɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɦɵɲɰ ɡɭɛɨɜ ɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɧɬɚ Ⱥɮɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɢɞɭɬ ɩɨ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɦ ɜɨ ɥɨɤɧɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ 9 ɬɪɨɣɧɢɱɧɵɣ ɧɟɪɜ 9,, ɥɢɰɟɜɨɣ ɧɟɪɜ ɢ ,; ɹɡɵɤɨɝɥɨɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɧɟɪɜ ɩɚɪ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɵɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɜ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɝɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɜ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɚɤɬɚ ɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɂɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɪɜɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɨ ɜɨɫɯɨɞɹɳɢɦ ɩɭɬɹɦ ɩɨɫɬɭ ɩɚɸɬ ɜ ɜɵɲɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɟɨɬɞɟɥɵ ɐɇɋ ɜ ɤɨɪɭɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨɦɨɡɝɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɹɬɟɦɫɚɦɵɦɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɣɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɜɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢɚɤɬɚɠɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɗɮ ɮɟɪɟɧɬɧɵɟ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɵ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɸɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɤɨɪɬɢɤɨ-ɛɭɥɶɛɚɪɧɨɦɭ ɩɭɬɢ ɤ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɦɭ ɹɞɪɭ ɠɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɝɨɜɚɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɩɨ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɛɟɠɧɵɦ

28

ɜɨɥɨɤɧɚɦ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ 9 9,, ɢ ;,, ɩɚɪ ɱɟɪɟɩɧɵɯ ɧɟɪɜɨɜ ɤ ɠɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɢɦɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɦ ɦɵɲɰɚɦ ɢ ɦɵɲɰɚɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɹ ɢɯ ɪɢɬɦɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨ ɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ

Ⱥɤɬɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹ

Ⱥɤɬ ɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɣ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɤɚ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɨɬɨɜɭɸ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶ ɝɥɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞ ɜ ɠɟɥɭ ɞɨɤ.

Ɉɧ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɩɨɩɟɪɟɱɧɨɩɨɥɨɫɚ ɬɵɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɝɥɨɬɤɢ ɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞɚ

Ⱥɤɬ ɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɨ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɛɟɡ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɵɣ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɝɥɨɬɤɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞɚ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬ ɫ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɦ ɤɨɪɵ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɩɨɥɭɲɚɪɢɣ ɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ

Ⱥɤɬɝɥɨɬɚɧɢɹɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɜɫɟɛɹɪɹɞɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɸɬ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɮɚɡɵ

1.Ɋɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɨɤ ɨɛɴ ɟɦɨɦ ɫɦ3 ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɢ ɳɟɤ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨ ɫɩɢɧɤɟ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɤ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɪɧɸ ɚ ɞɚɥɟɟ ɡɚ ɩɟɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɞɭɠɤɢ ɝɥɨɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɥɶɰɚ

2.Ƚɥɨɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɛɵɫɬɪɚɹ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɨɦɨɤ ɩɪɨɯɨ ɞɢɬ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɡɟɜ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɚɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɵ ȼɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɮɚɡɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪ ɧɨɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɦɵɲɰ ɪɨɬɨɝɥɨɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɨɪɬɚɧɢ

ɚ ɦɵɲɰ ɩɨɞɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯ ɦɹɝɤɨɟ ɧɟɛɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɩɚɞɚɧɢɸ ɩɢɳɟ ɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɤɚ ɜ ɧɨɫɨɝɥɨɬɤɭ

ɛ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɞɴɹɡɵɱɧɨɣ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɞɧɹɬɢɟ ɝɨɪɬɚɧɢ ɢ ɡɚɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɧɚɞɝɨɪɬɚɧɧɢɤɨɦ ɜɯɨɞɚ ɜ ɝɨɪɬɚɧɶ

ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɵɲɰɵ ɜɟɪɯɧɟɝɨ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɧɢɠɧɟɝɨ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɢɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɝɥɨɬɤɢ

Ɉɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɸɫɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɧɢɠɟɥɟɠɚɳɢɦɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɚɦɢ ɝɥɨɬɤɢ

3.ɉɢɳɟɜɨɞɧɚɹ ɮɚɡɚ ɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɚɹ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɚɹ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɪɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɢ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɤɚ ɩɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞɭ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɢɫɬɚɥɶɬɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ ɦɵɲɰ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞɚ ɞɢɚɫɬɚɥɶɡɢɫ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɨɪɟɰɟɩɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɉɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɸ ɛɨɥɸɫɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟɪɹɞɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɫɢɥɚɬɹɠɟɫɬɢɤɨɦɤɚ ɝɪɚɞɢɟɧɬɵɜɧɭɬɪɢɩɨɥɨɫɬɧɨɝɨɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ

29

ɩɪɢɫɚɫɵɜɚɸɳɟɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɝɪɭɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɀɢɞɤɚɹ ɩɢɳɚ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɩɨ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɞɭ ɡɚ ɫ ɚ ɬɜɟɪɞɚɹ ɡɚ ɫ

Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹɜɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ

ɉɢɳɚ ɢɡ ɪɨɬɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɤ ɝɞɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɭ ɸɳɢɣɷɬɚɩɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɏɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚɩɢɳɢɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɥɨɣɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɢ Ɍɚɤ ɜɨ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɝɞɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɟɣɬɪɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɚɛɨɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɥɸɧɵ ȼ ɩɪɢɫɬɟɧɨɱɧɵɯ ɠɟ ɫɥɨɹɯ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɢɪɭɸɬ ɫɨ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɨɣ ɨɬɦɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɤɢɫɥɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɢɫɨɟɞɢɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣ ɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɤɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɟ ɪɚɫ ɳɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛ ɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ ɩɢɳɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɝɥɚɞɤɢɯ ɦɵɲɰ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɉɨɞ ɜɥɢ ɹɧɢɟɦ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɟ ɤɨɦɤɢ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɩɪɟ ɜɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɢɳɟɜɭɸ ɤɚɲɢɰɭ ɯɢɦɭɫ

Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ

Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɢɧɟɩɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɮɭɧɤɰɢɢɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɉɢɳɟɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɦɨɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɷɜɚ

ɤɭɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɜɫɚɫɵɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ ɀɟɥɭɞɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɭɚɪɨɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɢɳɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɢɳɟɜɵɦ

ɞɟɩɨ ȿɝɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭ ɜɡɪɨɫɥɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɥ ȼ ɩɨɥɨɫɬɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɩɢɳɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɞɨ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɚɹɫɶ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɣ ɯɢɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢɦɟɯɚɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ȼɠɟɥɭɞɤɟɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɬɚɤɠɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɹɬɟɦɩɟɪɚ ɬɭɪɵ ɩɢɳɢ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɝɪɟɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɨɯɥɚɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ ɬɟɦɩɟɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ

1.ɋɟɤɪɟɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɠɟɥɟɡɚɦɢ ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɢ ɦɢɫɹ ɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɢɡɢɫɬɨɣ ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɟ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɠɟɥɭɞɨɱɧɵɣ ɫɨɤ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɳɟɩɥɟ ɧɢɟ ɛɟɥɤɨɜ

2.Ɇɨɬɨɪɧɚɹɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɡɚɫɱɟɬɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣɝɥɚɞɤɨɣɦɭɫɤɭ ɥɚɬɭɪɵ ɫɬɟɧɨɤ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɚ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɱɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɲɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɦɨɝɨ ɜ ɠɟɥɭɞɤɟ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɥɶɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨ ɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɢɳɟɜɨɣ ɤɚɲɢɰɵ ɯɢɦɭɫɚ .

30