Иностранный язык (нефтегазовое дело). Учебно-методическое пособие

Задание 3.1. Напишите выделенную часть предложения цифрами:

(OD – outside diameter, ID – inside diameter)

Задание 3.2. Напишите выделенную часть предложения словами.

Образец: 16"OD pipe sixteen inch outside diameter pipe

13 ¾" hole thirteen and three quarter inch diameter hole

A.Small diameter pipelines (from 2" to 4") within an oil or gas field are called flow lines. They connect individual oil or gas wells to central treating, storage, or processing facilities within the field and usually belong to the producer.

B.Crude trunk lines move oil from producing areas to refineries where the oil is processed into products. Gas transmission lines carry natural gas from producing areas to city utility companies and other customers. Through distribution networks of small pipelines and metering facilities, utilities distribute natural gas to commercial, residential and industrial users. Sizes of these lines can be as large as 914.4 mm (36"). Most, however, are much smaller, ranging between 21.3 mm and 168.3 mm (1/2" and 6").

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C.Another gathering system made up of larger-diameter lines (4" to 12") and normally owned by a pipeline company rather than the oil and gas producer, connects these field facilities to the large-diameter, longdistance trunk or transmission line. In some cases, individual wells are tied directly to the pipeline company’s gathering system.

D.Most oil and gas pipelines are made up of different line sizes and types and can fall into one of three groups: gathering, trunk or transmission, and distribution. Other pipelines are needed in producing fields to drill wells, to inject water, gas, or other fluids into the formation to improve oil and gas recovery, and to dispose of salt water often produced with oil.

(studopedia.ru›4_82894_Oil-and-Gas-Pipelines.html)

Задание 5. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты для данных

1.Flow lines move oil from producing areas to refineries.

2.Flow lines are shorter than transmission lines.

3.Transmission lines carry gas from the field to the city utility.

4.Oil, gas and water are fluids.

5.Crude oil is a refined product.

6.Crude oil is converted into refined products within the field.

7.Trunk and transmission lines belong to oil and gas producer.

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Задание 7. Преобразуйте предложения, используя страдательный залог, и переведите их на русский язык.

Образец: Pipeline designers consider many factors.

Many factors are considered by pipeline designers.

1.Oilmen need different pipelines to drill wells.

2.Flow lines connect wells to treating and storage facilities in the field.

3.Gas transmission lines move gas over large geographic area.

Задание 8. Преобразуйте предложения, используя Причастие I.

Образец: Wells that produce oil are called oil wells. Wells producing oil are called oil wells.

1.Oil that comes from wells is a thick, yellow-to-black mixture.

2.Pipes that connect wells with treating facilities are called flow lines.

3.Trunk lines that move oil to refineries may be very long.

Задание 9. Преобразуйте предложения, используя Причастие II.

Образец: Salt water which is produced with oil causes pipe corrosion. Salt water produced with oil causes pipe corrosion.

1.Operation pressure of pipelines that are called flow lines is not high.

2.Pipe which is used for oil flow lines may be made of steel or plastics.

3.Pipelines that are needed in oil fields may be of different sizes.

Задание 10. Закончите предложение, выбрав правильный вариант.

Задание 11. Будьте готовы перевести текст юнита на русский язык.

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UNIT III

Pipeline Failure

Задание 1. Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова:

Задание 2. Заполните пропуски словами из задания 1.

1.Natural ___ such as hurricane, fire, and ___ can ___ the pipeline badly.

2.___ pipeline ___ gas supply to houses was stopped for a time.

3.Salt water produced with oil is often the ___ of pipe corrosion.

4.Corrosion occurs as a result of metal pipe contact with water containing

___ oxygen.

5.___ ___ ___ results from stress that causes small cracks to grow until the pipe fails.

6.Corrosion makes the process of pipeline material ___ go faster.

7.To ___ pipe corrosion pipeline companies try different methods.

8.Polyolefin ___ is often used for pipeline ___ against different forms of corrosion.

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Задание 3. Заполните пропуски в таблице, используя первую строку в качестве подсказки. Обратите внимание на перевод ing-формы, которая в данном случае является герундием и выражает действие как процесс.

Задание 4. Прочитайте текст и завершите данное предложение, выбрав 3 основные причины повреждения трубопровода:

Three main causes of pipeline damage are:

a)construction operations

b)the pipeline material

c)corrosion

d)earthquakes

e)natural disasters

f)special chemicals

Pipeline incidents, while rare, do still happen. About half of all pipeline accidents are caused by a third party, as, for instance, a builder damaging a pipe while digging the foundation of a house. Consequently, pipeline companies make special

efforts to educate the public about pipeline safety and inform construction groups about the locations of underground pipelines in order to reduce third-party damage.

The second leading cause of pipeline failure is corrosion, which is an electrochemical process caused by the contact of metal pipe with wet soil (external corrosion) and with the fluid in the pipe if the fluid is corrosive or contains water with dissolved oxygen,

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carbon dioxide, or hydrogen sulfide (internal corrosion). Pipeline companies take many measures to prevent corrosion, such as covering underground pipelines with tape and using cathodic protection (CP) against external corrosion and adding special chemicals (corrosion inhibitors) to the fluid to prevent internal corrosion. The chemicals reduce corrosion by reacting with and hence removing the dissolved oxygen in liquid.

With respect to time there may be two types of pipeline failure – immediate, where the failure occurs because of sudden damage due to natural disasters such as earthquakes or human activity, and time-dependent failure which occurs due to

gradual deterioration of the pipeline material. About 70 % of the ruptures result from time-dependent failure such as external corrosion or stress corrosion cracking.

(gubkin.ru›faculty…and…foreign…PipelineU4.pdf)

Задание 5. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты для данных

Задание 6. Прочитайте текст ещё раз и выразите своё согласие (+) или несогласие (-) со следующими высказываниями:

1.50 % of all pipeline failures are caused by man’s activity

2.Third-party damage is damage due to natural disasters

3.The cause of external corrosion is the contact of metal pipe with the corrosive fluid in the pipe.

4.The fluid is corrosive if it contains dissolved CO2, O or H2S

5.To reduce corrosion oxygen or carbon dioxide must be removed from pipe liquid.

6.Cathodic protection is used against internal corrosion of pipes

7Stress corrosion cracking is an example of time-dependent failure of pipeline.

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Задание 7. Заполните пропуски, выбрав правильный вариант ответа.

Задание 8. Укажите предложения, в которых ing-форма является герундием и на русский язык может переводиться отглагольным существительным.

1.The tape covering underground pipelines is made of polyolefin.

2.Covering pipelines with polyolefin tape helps to protect them against corrosion.

3.It is possible to reduce corrosion by using special chemicals.

4.The second leading cause of pipeline failure is corrosion.

5.A builder digging the foundation of the house can damage the underground pipeline.

6.After primary refining oil is directed into storage facilities.

Задание 9. Будьте готовы перевести текст юнита на русский язык.

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UNIT IV

Pipeline Inspection

Задание 1. Прочитайте и запомните следующие слова:

1.The device to test, clean and unblock oil pipelines is called a ___.

2.In product pipelines different liquid products are shipped in ___.

3.Pipelines can ___ because of natural disasters or due to gradual deterioration of the pipeline material.

4.The abbreviation MFL stands for ___ ___ ___.

5.___ ___ ___ is used to inspect different ____ inside the pipeline.

6.To ___ cleaning of the pipeline the pig is ___ into and travels through the line removing wax deposits from the walls.

7.To ensure public safety pipeline companies ___ ___ ___ federal and local energy agencies set out technical requirements for the design, construction, and operation of pipelines.

8.Air under pressure is often used to ___ water from the pipeline.

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Задание 3. Прочитайте и восстановите текст, заполнив пропуски [1, 2, 3] предложенными вариантами (A-D). Один вариант – лишний.

[1]In order to identify damage or defects long before they become a problem, line operators inspect pipelines regularly using “pigs”.

Pipeline pigs are devices that are inserted into and travel throughout the length of a pipeline driven by a product flow. Although each pipeline has its own set of characteristics which affect how and why pigging is used, there are basically three reasons to pig a pipeline: 1) to batch or separate dissimilar products; 2) for displacement

purposes; 3) for internal inspection.

[2]Utility Pigs, which are used to perform

functions such as cleaning, separating, or dewatering.

In-line inspection pigs or ‘smart pigs” are used to examine the pipeline from the inside. The information they gather includes the pipeline

diameter, bends, temperature and pressure, as well as corrosion or metal loss. Inspection pigs utilize two methods to gather information about the interior condition of the pipeline: magnetic flux leakage (MFL) and ultrasonics (UT). MFL inspects a pipeline by sending magnetic flux into the walls of the pipe, detecting leakage, corrosion, or flaws in the pipeline. Ultrasonic inspection directly measures the thickness of the pipe wall by using ultrasonic sounds to measure the amount of time it takes an echo to return to the sensor. [3] UT tools operate best in liquid pipelines.

Gel pigs (a combination of gelled liquids) are used in conjunction with conventional pigs to improve product separation, debris removal, dewatering and condensate removal, as well as removing a stuck pig.

(pipeline101.com › are-pipelines-safe/better-safety…)

A.MFL tools are used most effectively in gas pipelines.

B.Pigs are also used in oil and gas pipelines.

C.Pipelines, like any engineering plant can, and do, fail.

D.The pigs used to accomplish these tasks are divided into 3categories.

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Задание 4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты для данных русских слов и выражений.

шлама; 11) застрявший скребок.

Задание 5. Прочитайте текст ещё раз и выразите своё согласие (+) или несогласие (-) со следующими высказываниями:

1.Pigs are used for cleaning and inspection of pipelines.

2.Utility pigs examine pipelines from the inside.

3.Inspection pigs collect information on pipeline defects and wall thickness.

4.MFL tools operate best in liquid pipelines.

5.Ultrasonic tools inspect the wall thickness inside the pipeline.

6.Gel pigs have different applications.

7.Adding pipeline gel to a pigging operation makes things better.

Задание 6. Найдите соответствия.