Иностранный язык (английский). Учебное пособие-1

–self-deprecation

B. Find the information in the text. Chronically lonely people ……

–are less involved in activities

–are non-responsive

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–

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Vocabulary practice

Exercise 3. Read the text. Fill in each gap with one verb from the list.

to remind, to say, to avoid, to develop, to give, to visit, to choose, to over-extend, to relieve, to build, to respond, to enjoy, to try, to smile, to wait.

Do not 1 ____ other people to 2 _____ you or 3______ to you. Try to 4 _____ to people you sit next to in class or at meals or in breaks at work. 5 ______ , hello, or even just 6 _____ at people you pass on the staircase or elsewhere in college or in your workplace.

7 ______ to put yourself in new situations where you will 8 _______

people with interests in common. 9 ______ activities that you are genuinely interested in and 10 _____ – societies or sports or voluntary work. Do not, however, 11 ______ yourself, filling your time with too many things just to 12 ______ being alone.

Do not 13 ______ yourself of things you would like to do just because you have nobody to do them with e.g. going to a concert or for a walk, or seeing a film.

Try not to be critical of your efforts. 14 _____ yourself that intimate friendships take time to 15 _______. Do not 16 _____ friendships in the

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belief that only romantic relationships will 17 _______ your loneliness or 18 _______ you confidence and social status.

19 ______ relationships by being a good friend to others. 20 ______ to others and their interests.

Exercise 4. Read the text. Use the words given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits the space in the same line.

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Reading

Text № 8. Group counseling

Exercise 1. Read the text and translate it into Russian.

Small group counselling can be particularly helpful in providing an opportunity for students to fully realize that other people suffer difficulties which may be similar to their own. They can compare notes, offer each other support, and learn in a safe context, something of how other people see them. The prospect of joining a group can feel a bit intimidating at first but it can be an enormous moral booster to realize that you are not alone in your feelings; that you are not particularly weird or unacceptable; that people can respond to you with warmth and understanding; and that you have things to offer other people.

Talking to a counsellor one to one can also help you understand and accept yourself better. It can help shift patterns of thought, and expectations that you will be rejected, and help to promote a more open, relaxed way of interacting with people. It can help boost confidence and self-esteem. Cognitive-behavioural techniques can also help, for example by devising strategies for combating social anxieties and for changing the negative thought patterns through which we undermine ourselves.

Exercise 2. Read the text.

A. Find key-sentences. Comment on them.

In adults, loneliness is a major precipitant of depression and alcoholism. And it increasingly appears to be the cause of a range of medical problems, some of which take decades to show up. Psychologist John Cacioppo of the University of Chicago has been tracking the effects of loneliness. Recently he performed a series of novel studies and reported that loneliness works in some surprising ways to compromise health. Perhaps most astonishing, in a survey he conducted, doctors themselves confided that they provide better or more complete medical care to patients who have supportive families and are not socially isolated.

Living alone increases the risk of suicide for young and old alike. Lonely individuals report higher levels of perceived stress even when

exposed to the same stressors as non-lonely people, and even when they are relaxing.

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The social interaction lonely people do have are not as positive as those of other people, hence the relationships they have do not buffer them from stress as relationships normally do. Loneliness raises levels of circulating stress hormones and levels of blood pressure. It undermines regulation of the circulatory system so that the heart muscle works harder and the blood vessels are subject to damage by blood flow turbulence.

Loneliness destroys the quality and efficiency of sleep, so that it is less restorative, both physically and psychologically. They wake up more at night and spend less time in bed actually sleeping than do the non-lonely.

B. Compete the sentence from the text. Loneliness is a major precipitant of ………

Exercise 3. Read the text. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits the space in the same line.

Speaking and writing

Exercise 4. Make up questions with each of the phrases given below. Let your groupmates answer them.

The loneliness of the university freshman.

The transition to the university; old relationships; new relationships; casual acquaintances; feelings about family and kin; conflicts.

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Exercise 5. Imagine that your patient is a very lonely person. A. Ask him about:

–most important event in his/ her life

B. Make the written conclusion how it is possible to help this lonely person.

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UNIT 3

LEISURE. ENTERTAINMENT

Reading

Text № 1. The use of leisure

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

By the way in which a man uses his leisure his character can be told - more surely, in all probability, than the way he does his work. For most men, work is necessity in order to gain a living. Vast numbers of men have not been able to choose what work they would do, but have been forced by economic necessity to take the first job that came their way. But in their leisure time, they do what they really want to do and their real selves are reflected in their actions.

Some people are completely passive during leisure hours. If such people go out they go to some place of entertainment where no effort is required by them, a cinema or a dance-hall, and if the latter, they do not dance but simply sit and watch other dancing.

A different type of person hurries home from work full of eagerness to begin on some scheme which he has been planning for his leisure time. Perhaps his hobby is carpentry or model engineering or gardening. This is the creative type of character. For him, his leisure hours are full of promise and he can look back on them with satisfaction when he reviews what he has achieved in them.

Millions of people all over the world like to travel during their holidays. They travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. It is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.

Those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. City-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and laze in the sun.

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Most people enjoy sports: both playing sports themselves and watching their favourite sports and teams. Major professional sports events (baseball, football, basketball, and hockey, as well as golf and tennis) are witnessed by tens of thousands of fans, and by millions more on TV.

The whole virtue of leisure which brings a change of scene or occupation is that it is only temporary. Sooner or later leisure time comes to an end, and one should go back to his normal life. If he has used his leisure time well, he ought to feel a very deep regret that it is over, and it ought to have refreshed him and filled him with vigour for the true work of his life to which he is now returning.

Leisure should be refreshment; it should send a man out with fresh spirits to battle with the problems of life. Sometimes this freshness comes not from doing anything, but by filling one's mind with fresh springs of beauty. A man gets full value from his leisure by watching nature, listening to music, or reading noble books. By this sort of occupation he makes his own mind a richer and fuller treasure house. This is the true use of leisure.

Words and word combinations to be remembered:

Exercise 2. Read the words in a proper way. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

leisure, scheme, ancient, picturesque, restaurant, quite, quiet, sea, bathe, rhythm, virtue, museum.

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Exercise 3. Guess the meaning of the following international words. Consult the dictionary if necessary.

Nouns: character, action, scheme, plan, hobby, model, type, million, continent, ruins, music, gallery, restaurant, sports, visit, baseball, football, basketball, hockey, golf, tennis, occupation, nature, sort.

Adjectives: economic, passive, modern, interesting, exotic, professional, normal.

Exercise 4. Read the text ‘The use of leisure’. Find the English equivalents for the following Russian phrases:

для большинства людей работа – необходимость; по всей вероятности; делать то, что действительно хочется; их подлинное "Я" отражается в поступках; полные стремления начать какое-нибудь дело; творческий тип личности; развалины древних городов; наслаждаться живописными местами; открывать новое; горожане любят тихо проводить отдых у моря; десятки тысяч болельщиков смотрят крупные спортивные состязания; испытывать глубокое чувство сожаления; источники прекрасного.

Exercise 5. Complete the following sentences:

1. By the way in which a man uses his leisure his character can be told more surely than ... . 2. For most men, work is necessity ... . 3. In leisure time people do ... . 4. Those who live in the country like ... . 5. City-dwellers usually like ... . 6. The whole virtue of leisure time is that ... . 7. Sooner or later leisure time comes to an end and ... . 8. A man gets full value from his leisure by ... .

Exercise 6. Read the text ‘The use of leisure’ again. Answer the following questions:

1.Can the character of a man be told by the way of using his leisure?

2.What is work for most people? And what about leisure time? 3. What can you say about people who are passive during leisure time? 4. How does a creative type of person use his leisure hours? 5. Do most people like travelling? What is the purpose of travelling? 6. Where do those who live in the country like to go? What about town-dwellers? 7. Do you like sports? Do you prefer going in for sports or watching sports events? 8. What does one feel when he has used his leisure time well? 9. What should leisure be?

10.How does a man get full value from his leisure? 11. How do you prefer to use leisure time?

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Vocabulary practice

Exercise 7. Read the verbs. Derive the nouns from them. Translate the nouns:

Exercise 8. Match the English and Russian words:

Exercise 9. Find the antonyms to the first word in each line:

to rest / to try, to last, to get, to work;

to leave / to walk, to come, to live, to die; passive/ creative, interesting, professional, active; rich / poor, pure, full, beautiful;

to laze / to live, to lie, to work, to look; ancient / old, typical, different, modern.

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Speaking

Exercise 10. Express disagreement with the following utterances. Prove your statements by the facts from the text. Begin your sentences with the following:

I don't agree with you ... You are mistaken ... As far as I know ...

1. All people are passive during their leisure time. 2. In their leisure time people can't do what they really want. 3. It’s not interesting to travel. 4. People can't enjoy sports. 5. Everyone is glad when leisure time is over. 6. The true use of leisure is sleeping or watching TV.

Exercise 11. Speak about your own way of using leisure time.

Reading

Text № 2. Culture, leisure, entertainment, sports

Usually major cities regularly host many concerts, art exhibitions, lectures, and theatrical performances. And on a smaller scale, the same is true of smaller cities. Performances and exhibitions are usually very well attended. Tickets can be hard to get, despite their high prices! Many cities have large communities of artists, actors, dancers, and musicians.

The national and state governments, as well as private organizations, have traditionally supported the arts with money.

Though art and "high" culture are important, the most popular sources of entertainment and information are television, movies, radio and recorded music. With cable TV, a lot more programs are available, but many people still complain about the low intellectual level of TV. They also feel that the emphasis on youth, sex, and money teaches children (and adults) the wrong values and goals. These criticisms are often made about American movies too. But despite the "bad" movies, many wonderful and internationally successful movies are produced in the U.S. The rapid spread of videotaped movies, watched nightly by millions of people in their homes, has made movies an even more popular and influential form of entertainment in recent years.

People like car trips, but they don't usually just drive and sightsee. They like to have a destination. Amusement parks, beaches, and other special attractions are always crowded when the weather is good.

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