Иностранный язык (английский). Учебное пособие-1

Exercise 5. Translate the quotations and comment upon the idea they convey.

1.The world is governed more by appearances than by realities, so that it is fully as necessary to seem to know something as to know it. (Webster)

2.You may turn into an archangel, a fool, or a criminal - no one will see it. But when a button is missing - everyone sees that. (Remarque)

3.To suceed in the world it is not enough to be stupid, you must be well-mannered. (Voltaire)

4.When I see a bird that walks like a duck and swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, I call that bird a duck. (Riley)

5.Grace is to the body, what good sense is to the mind. (Francois de La Rochefoucauld)

6.Charm is a way of getting the answer “yes” without asking a clear question. (Albert Camus)

Reading

Text № 4. The main types of relationship

Exercise 1. Read the text and answer the question: «How can be the nature of friendship understood? »

Friends can be defined as those people whom we like and trust, and whose company we enjoy. They are outside the family, but we have a lot in common with them and are attracted towards them. Friends are symmetrical and equal, unlike kin who are often of different age or social class. How many friends do people have? It depends on how you put the question, but if asked to list their friends people give around seven to fifteen. However, friendship choices are not always reciprocated. In Wellman's survey in Toronto only 36 percent of choices were returned. Friends don't just come in pairs, though; they form networks, with cliques and chains, which can be more or less dense, in terms of the proportion of possible linkages taken up. Friendships don't last forever; children's friends change quite fast, and among adults friendships may end when one person moves to another town or changes his job. However, close links formed during adolescence last a long time, and are also found to be the most intimate.

The nature of friendship can be understood by finding out what friends do together. In the survey by Argyle and Furnham it was found that friends talk, eat and drink, and engage in joint leisure, e. g. sport and dancing.

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Here, as in many other studies, a sizeable sex difference was found: women friends talk, drink coffee, disclose confidences and provide social support; men friends play squash, help each other and in a number of ways do things together-there is less disclosure and intimacy, though men often drink together and talk about work. As well as having fewer intimate friendships, men have fewer friends altogether, especially in middle age.

There are even greater age differences. Between adolescence and the age of twenty-five friends may spend hours a day together; in middle age they may only meet once a month, family and social contacts at work seeming to have replaced friendships. Middle-aged people also find it more difficult to make new friends than when they were younger. Old people who are widowed or retired may spend time with their friends, but they are more likely to take up with their siblings or grown-up children. Allan found that, in the early 1970's, there were class differences in the nature of friendship. Working class people in Britain met acquaintances in specific settings, such as at work, the pub, the club or church, but did not usually see them in more than one setting and tended not to ask them home. They had fewer friends in the middle class sense, while kin were more important to them and did get asked home, or asked themselves.

The nature of friendship is shown in the study by Wish and colleagues: close friends are equal, cooperative and friendly, socioemotional and informal, and fairly intense. The study of the satisfactions derived from friendship found three main sources:

(1)Shared interests (doing things together / joint leisure, talking about things of mutual concern, sharing common beliefs and values) provided nearly as great a source for same sex friends as for spouses, with all other relationships well behind in this respect.

(2)Emotional support among friends was less important than between spouses but just more so than in other relationships, e. g. with members of the family or people from work.

(3)On the instrumental reward scale, however (financial support, advice, working together, etc.), friends were quite low compared with spouses and parents. There are different kinds of friends, too. Bochner found that foreign students in Hawaii had Hawaiian friends (for instrumental reasons, e. g. showing them the ropes) and friends from the same country (probably for emotional support and shared values).

Friends are expected to provide help when needed. This may be important for the young, but for adults the level of help provided by friends is quite low compared with that from kin [4, pp. 133–134].

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Exercise 2. Agree or disagree:

1.Friends are people with whom we have a lot in common.

2.Friendship always lasts forever.

3.There is no sex difference between men and women concerning friendship.

4.The features of friendship are the same for all ages (There are no age differences in the nature of friendship).

5.There are class differences in the nature of friendship.

Exercise 3. Read the text again and comment on:

1.What is the main idea of the text?

2.What does the author concentrate readers' attention on?

3.What does he want to underline?

4.Does he use any examples to prove the ideas?

5.Have you found interesting ideas in the text?

Speaking

Exercise 4. Read the following opinions about a true friend and friendship and express your ideas.

Jane: Best friends are very important. Everybody needs to talk to somebody about, say, problems they have at home or at work. Basically people who do not have a best friend are very lonely. The best friend lasts for years and years.

Alison: Best friends are friends that you have who you stick by most of your time! I've got a few best friends, they do lots of things for me, normally they are close to me, always share my deepest feelings and secrets. We like being and doing things together. Best friends are people whom you, if you have a problem can usually telephone at any time. You don't envy to his success, you rejoice together. Best friends understand each other easily.

Kate: I'd like to say even more: there should be more friends than one. My motto is: “The more friends the better”. I am a very sociable person and for me to find a friend is just a piece of cake. Just do something good for this person.

Lena: Have you ever thought about the importance of friendship? What are they meant for? And why is it so difficult to find them? I consider friends to be the most important people in my life. Whom do we turn to for help? We turn to our friends. There are always some secrets or some problems, with which we cannot entrust our parents because of the

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generation gap, or because we are afraid of not being understood, and punished. As for our friends, they can give us practical advice, help us understand our mistakes, and avoid them. It's common knowledge, that it is easier for a youth to understand a youth, than for parents to understand their children. Very often we are frank with our mates and we keep secrets from our parents. It is considered to be natural in our age. That is why we need friends.

Nick: Today many teenagers say that it is very difficult to find trusty friends... yes, sometimes it is, but at first you should show your moral values, your traits of character, you should prove to be a selfless, honest and thoughtful person. Dale Carnegie wrote: «If you want people to be sincerely interested in you, you should be sincerely interested in them». He was a famous psychologist and wrote a book, which presented you with different ways to make friends. It can be very helpful for lonely people. For me loneliness means unhappiness... lonely people have no way out, they have no chance to be happy, because long ago they didn't manage to make friends with anybody, they were not friendly. It's awful ...

You: _____________________________________________________

Exercise 5. A. Do you agree with the statements given below? Support your opinion. The task is to be done orally.

B. Choose the statement you like most (you agree most) and explain your choice, giving reasonable arguments.

a."lf you judge people, you have no time to love them." Mother Teresa

b.“It is not so much our friends' help that helps us as the knowledge that they will help us.” Epicurus

c."Anybody can sympathize with the sufferings of a friend, but it requires a very fine nature to sympathize with a friend's success." Oscar Wilde

d.“Associate yourself with men of good quality if you esteem your own reputation; it is better to be alone than in bad company.” George Washington

e."A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out." Walter Winchell

Writing

Exercise 6. Write down your own ideas of friendship using the hints.

Friendship means:

– to share ideas;

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–never to betray;

–to take decisions together;

–to trust;

–to rejoice;

–to have common interests;

–to perform various activities together.

Reading

Text № 5. Internet dating: is this really your photo?

Exercise 1. Read these three true stories. Were these people wise or foolish? Discuss your answers.

Andre: I met my wife on the Internet. I liked her immediately because she was honest about her opinions. We talked online for more than a year. Then I drove 2,000 miles to meet her. We had a wonderful time. I moved across the country to be near her and we got married six months later.

Christie: My husband and I met through an Internet dating service. The first time we spoke, we talked online from 8 P.M. to 3 A.M. Then we talked on the phone until I had to leave for work. Two days later he came to visit. Two weeks later, we were married. He said, "Do you want to get married tonight?" I said, "No ... but I'm off Tuesday." We were married that day in Alabama, just the two of us and the judge.

Elisa: I met a man on the Internet. He seemed great. We fell in love right away. He told me that he was 32 and a bachelor. Six months after we met, his wife called me. He was actually 42 and married with three kids!

Exercise 2. Read the text and translate it.

Reporter Discovers That Sex Sells.

(What a Surprise ...)

As you probably know, every Internet dating service asks you to fill out a profile about yourself, often including your job, hobbies, interests, and age. You can also put a picture next to your profile. Internet profiles with pictures get many more replies. Reporter Janice Walker decided to find out if people would pay more attention to her picture or to her profile. She sent the following profile to six different Internet dating sites:

My name is Kate. I am 35, work in the media, and have a great sense of humor. I enjoy travel and the arts. I am happy with my life, but I am missing that special someone.

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Then she sent each one a different photograph of herself.

1. Sexy Lady (108 replies)

Janice put on a sexy dress and a lot of makeup. She didn't smile. This photo was the runaway favorite. Unfortunately, many of the replies were quite impolite. Almost all of the men only talked about her appearance.

2. Happy and Healthy (72 replies)

For this picture, Janice wore jeans and a T-shirt. This was the real her, so she was happy to get so many replies. Many men talked about the information in her profile. These men seemed like people she might go out with.

3. Star Athlete (41 replies)

Janice is not athletic, but she put on a tracksuit and stood next to a bicycle. She got a lot of responses from attractive, athletic men.

4. All Business (36 replies)

To look like a successful businesswoman, Janice wore a business suit and put on glasses. Few men of her age were interested. Most of the respondents talked about their salaries, their cars, and their successful careers.

5. Sophisticated Lady (20 replies)

For this photo, Janice wore her best dress and put her hair up. She wanted to look high-class. However, not many men were interested. The youngest was 39 and the oldest was 55.

6. Little Girl (4 replies)

In this photograph, Janice wore a pink sweater and held a stuffed bear. There were almost no responses. Two of the men who replied were in their fifties. Both said she looked sweet, and one even said she reminded him of his daughter.

Janice was disappointed that the results were very predictable. Though her profile showed that she was an intelligent woman, most of the men responded the pictures-not to the words.

Exercise 3. Answer the questions:

1.What did Janice Walker want to find out?

2.What did she send to each Internet dating service?

3.How was each one different?

4.Which picture was the most popular?

5.Was she surprised at the results? Why or why not?

6.How does the writer feel about online dating services?

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Vocabulary practice

Exercise 4. Explain the following words:

–profile

–dating

–runaway

–tracksuit

–respondent

Exercise 5. Give synonyms for the following words:

reply, different, special, favourite, happy, impolite, athletic, salaries, disappointed, predictable.

Reading

Text № 6. Rules for Internet dating

Exercise 1. Read the article. It is a numbered list of rules for Internet dating. The rules summarize the explanations. They are the main ideas. Write a rule for each paragraph. The first one is done for you. What other rules would you add to the list?

Every time that you meet someone new, you take a risk. If you meet in a grocery store, in a museum, or in an Internet chat room, you have to protect yourself. The following rules apply to Internet dating.

1. Use Common Sense

Don't give out personal information such as your name, telephone number, or address until you are comfortable. You may want to use your first name only or use a fictitious name until you feel safe. When you feel safe enough to talk on the telephone, don't give out your home number. Get his or her number, or give them your work number, or your cellular phone number. Get together in a public place for the first date. Tell people where you are going or bring along some friends.

2. ___________________________________________

If you send a photograph, make sure it's up-to-date. Telling the truth will avoid anger and disappointment later.

3. _____________________________________________

Get to know someone before getting romantic. Send e-mail messages for a while before you talk on the telephone or meet face-to-face. If he or she won't wait until you're comfortable, you should wonder why.

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4. _______________________________________________

You can meet liars and cheaters on the Internet just like you can in real life. Look for the signs. Beware of Internet friends who try to persuade you to do something or make a lot of promises. Save your messages. If you think someone is lying, you can look back at what they said before. Previous messages may give you a clue.

5. ______________________________________________

Before getting close to someone online, find out if the person is real. Ask for his or her home phone number, work number, and even references. It's easy to create a fake identity in cyberspace.

6. _______________________________________________

Internet dating can be as exciting as dating in person. Enjoy yourself but move slowly. Don't jump right into romance.

Exercise 2. Answer the questions:

1.Where should you meet an Internet date in person for the first time?

2.Why is it important to tell the truth? Are liars and cheaters good or bad? Why do you think so?

3.What should you do with the messages you receive? Why?

4.How can you find out if a person is real?

Vocabulary practice

Exercise 3. Explain in English the following words:

risk, anger, up-to-date, face-to-face, persuade, previous, identity.

Exercise 4. Understanding twoand three-word verbs. Look back at these twoand three-word verbs from the article. Write another sentence with each one.

1.go out with ______________________________________________

2.give out_________________________________________________

3.get together______________________________________________

4.bring along ______________________________________________

5.make sure _______________________________________________

6.get to know______________________________________________

7.beware of _______________________________________________

8.look back at _____________________________________________

9.find out_________________________________________________

10.jump into ______________________________________________

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Speaking

Exercise 5. Discuss the following questions in class.

1.Do you think online dating is a good way to meet people? Why or why not?

2.Do you know anyone who has met someone online? What happened?

3.How do people in your culture meet?

–through family

–through friends

–at school

–at work

–at places of worship (church, temple, mosque)

–through personals ads

–in bars and clubs

–other

4.Compare the way people in your culture traditionally meet with meeting people on the Internet. What are the advantages and disadvantages of both?

5.Are traditions in your culture starting to change? If so, how?

6.What would you look for in someone's personal profile if you wanted to date online?

Writing

Exercise 6. Write an Internet profile about yourself.

Reading

Text № 7. What do lonely people do?

Lonely people do habitually report quite consistent feelings. These are: desperation (being panicked and feeling helpless); depression (feeling sad and worthless); impatient boredom (restlessness and boredom simultaneously); self-deprecation ('What's wrong with me?' and 'Why am I so useless?'). Chronically lonely males have characteristic sets of beliefs about themselves and other people that lead them to act in an aggressive and hostile way. Lonely males are more punitive than non-lonely males are, particularly towards female partners who make errors on a learning task that the male is 'supervising'. Many violent males, particularly rapists, are found

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to score highly on loneliness scales and to have been socially isolated well before they committed their violent assaults.

Chronically lonely persons tend to be self-absorbed, non-responsive, negativistic and ineffective in their interactions with strangers. They spend more time alone, particularly at weekends, and are less involved with voluntary organizations, dating, relatives and neighbours or social activities generally. They sometimes show 'sad passivity', which involves overeating, oversleeping, watching television, crying, drinking alcohol, or taking tranquillizers. They also watch more TV than average, especially news broadcasts, which might suggest that their loneliness is associated with a sense of lack of stimulation. Lonely people tend to 'interact' with a favourite local news anchor, often talking to the newscaster or commenting aloud on the reader's appearance and performance!

Other typical styles of coping with loneliness are to engage in 'busybusy' activity, solitary hobbies, jogging alone, or taking vigorous exercise. Other people react to loneliness by self-indulgent actions, particularly buying themselves 'toys' like microcomputers and remote-control miniaturized stereo systems, or just generally running riot with their credit cards. When we get lonely we often turn into 'big spenders' in an effort to make ourselves feel better about ourselves. More useful are coping strategies that involve visiting other people, writing to friends, calling them (briefly!) on the phone, or just attempting to increase social contact.

The key feature is the belief system that we hold about the causes of our loneliness and about our ability to control it. If we believe that it will go away as long as we take positive action, then we are more likely to attempt to socialize. If we believe that it is somehow our fault and a permanent feature or, at least, a stable feature of our lives at that, then we are more likely to become depressed. Several studies show that it is possible to reduce loneliness by giving the person a sense of control over it. Thus, for instance, Shuiz found that old people who were allowed to schedule visits from volunteer workers felt less lonely than those whose schedule was fixed for them by someone else, even though the total number and length of the visits was the same for both sets of people.

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text. Exercise 2. A. Complete the list from the text.

Lonely people experience feelings of …….

– depression

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