Иностранный язык (английский). Учебное пособие-1

5.help sell a product (paragraph 3)

6.a situation which ends well for everyone (paragraph 3)

7.changed (paragraph 3)

8.stop people from feeling motivated (paragraph 4)

9.doesn't achieve what it's expected to achieve (paragraph 5)

10.situation (paragraph 6)

Exercise 6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words and phrases from exercise 5.

1.Gaming can have a negative effect on the player's physical

_________ .

2.Many of the skills learnt online can be applied to real-world

________ .

3.It's a __________. The company gets free advertising and we get a free game.

4.It had the opposite effect, he was ______ and didn't want to continue.

5.Sadly, the game proved _______ when trialled with real patients.

6.The YouTube star was paid $1 million to help _____ the game online.

7.It doesn't make sense. The game seems to reward players _____ !

8.The company believes gamification will ________ the workplace.

9.New apps seem to _______ every other day.

10.Using gamification elements in this way is not a new _______ .

Speaking

Exercise 7. Which of these statements do you think the writer is likely to agree with? Explain why.

1.Gamification mechanics can be applied in the same way everywhere.

2.Gamification can work if it's used properly.

3.When we get more research, we'll know more about what gamification works and what doesn't.

4.Gamification in education can't work.

5.Gamification should encourage people to focus on their own performance, not the performance of others.

6.It's easy for companies to apply gamification techniques to their advertising campaigns.

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Reading

Text № 11. Sports and games

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

People all over the world are fond of sports and games. Sport makes people healthy, keeps them fit, more organized and better disciplined. It unites people of different classes and nationalities.

Many people do sports on their personal initiative. They go in for skiing, skating, table tennis, swimming, volleyball, football, bodybuilding, etc. All necessary facilities are provided for them: stadiums, sport grounds, swimming pools, skating rinks, skiing stations, football fields. Sport is paid much attention to in our educational establishments. Gymnastics is a part of children's daily activity in the kindergartens. Physical culture is a compulsory subject at schools and colleges.

Professional sport is also paid much attention to in our country. There are different sport societies clubs and complexes. The most famous of them are the Olympic complexes "Luzhniki", "Dynamo" stadium, etc. They are used for international and world competitions. Practically all kinds of sports are popular in our country but football, gymnastics and tennis enjoy the greatest popularity.

As for me, I go in for swimming. It needs mobility, liveliness and much energy. It keeps a person in a good form. I have been swimming for a 5 years. I get a real joy taking part in competitions or a simply swimming with my friends. Certainly, it`s a great distance between my manner of swimming and such favorites as Popov, but I do my training with great pleasure and hope to swim well as our best swimmers do.

Words and word combinations to be remembered:

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Exercise 2. Find the words in the text:

Здоровье, быть в форме, уделять внимание, гимнастика, обязательный предмет, физкультура, соревнования, энергия, спортивный клуб, спортивный комплекс, с удовольствием, деятельность, образовательные учреждения, принимать участие, популярность.

Vocabulary practice

Exercise 3. Match the name of the game with the descriptions given below.

Football

Baseball

Basketball

Cricket

Chess

Softball

1.It is a game of two players. Each of them starts with sixteen different playing pieces to move on the board. The aim is to move your pieces so that your opponent’s king will be taken.

2.This game is played on a court with a large orange ball. There are five players in each team. Two teams try to score goals by throwing a ball through a net fixed to a metal ring at each end of court. The players bounce the ball while running, and pass it to each other. The team with the most points wins.

3.This game is very similar to baseball, but is played with a large ball. It is a popular sport among American women and co-ed (combined men and women) teams.

4.It is a game between two teams and is played on a field with a bat and a small white ball. Each team consists of nine players. The teams take turns playing in the field and batting the ball. The game has nine innings.

5.It is a game played between two teams of eleven players. Players kick a ball around a field trying to score a goal. The team with the most points wins. This game is very popular in Russia and all over the world.

6.It is sometimes called an English national game. It is known that people played it in England as early as 1550. It is a very long game. International matches last for 5 days. This game is not played only by men; girls and women play it too.

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Speaking

Exercise 4. Answer the questions, voicing your opinion:

1.What role does sport play in our life?

2.Why do people choose to go in for sport?

3.What kinds of sport do you know?

4.Where can we go in for sport?

5.How can children go in for sport?

6.What is your favourite sport?

Reading

Text № 12. Silly sports: extreme ironing

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

What activities are sports? Running and football? Sure. Synchronized swimming? Probably. Ballroom dancing? Maybe. Playing cards? Probably not. Gardening? Definitely not. Most people believe that sports must combine physical activity and competition. If we use this definition, then extreme ironing is a sport.

What is extreme ironing? Extreme ironing is pressing clothes in very difficult places. Ironists must carry their irons, ironing boards, and wrinkled laundry with them to the competition site. Some ironists take electric generators. Others heat their irons on gas stoves. The competitors get more points for the difficulty of the location. However, the quality of the ironing is important, too. Each item must be well pressed.

Extreme ironists compete in some amazing places. Contestants iron while they are climbing rocks, climbing mountains, and climbing trees. They iron in canoes, on the backs of cows and even underwater. One team ironed while on a kayak in the Atlantic Ocean.

This sport is not a joke. Teams from 30 countries competed in the first world championships in Germany in 2002. Phil Shaw is the inventor of extreme ironing. He says that there are about 1,500 ironists worldwide. Some teams have corporate sponsors. The German corporation Rowenta, an iron maker, pays for Shaw's team. The goal of extreme ironists is to have their sport included in the Olympics. Maybe then they can start using their real names. At the moment, contestants use names such as Steam, Cool Silk,

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and Iron Man. Why? Shaw admits, "Most competitors don't want people to know that they are ironists."

Exercise 2. Read the statements and write true (T) or false (F).

1.The writer believes that sports must be competitive.

2.The writer believes that sports must be dangerous.

3.Extreme ironing is a very old sport.

4.Extreme ironists almost always compete outside.

5.Some companies sponsor extreme ironing teams.

6.Extreme ironists don't like people to know their names.

Vocabulary practice

Exercise 3. Answer the questions.

1.Find the items that ironists must carry with them.

– iron

– ironing board

– electric generator

– clothes

– laundry basket

– gas stove

– food

2.What do ironists get points for?

–how much laundry they iron

–how fast they iron

–how well they iron

–how long they iron

3. What else do they get points for?

–when they iron

–where they iron

–what they iron

–why they iron

Exercise 4. Use the context to guess the meanings of the underlined words.

1.Some take electric generators. Others heat their irons on gas stoves.

2.However, the quality of the ironing is important, too. Each item must be well-pressed.

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3.Some teams have corporate sponsors. The German corporation Rowenta, an iron maker, pays for Shaw’s team.

4.One team ironed while on a kayak in the Atlantic Ocean.

Exercise 5. Look at these compounds nouns. What do they mean? Complete the sentences:

a.An ironing board is something that you use to _

b.An electric generator is something that _

c.A gas stove is something that _

d.Underwater means _

e.Ballroom dancing is a kind of _

f.Synchronized swimming is a kind of __

Speaking

Exercise 6. Make a report/ presentation on one of the silliest/ most unusual/ most extreme kinds of sport. Present it orally in class.

Reading

Text № 13. What makes a sport?

Exercise 1. Read and translate the text.

What is a sport? In my opinion, there are some activities that are definitely sports: baseball, football, basketball, hockey, golf, and bowling. And there are some activities that are definitely not sports: cheerleading, dance, figure skating, and gymnastics.

How did I decide? An activity is not a sport if a judge or a group of judges chooses the winner. The competition itself should decide the result. Judges decide the winners of figure skating, cheerleading, dance, and gymnastics competitions. Therefore, none of them are sports.

In the non-sports listed, judges determine the winners based on their opinions. Judges are human and many things can influence them. Maybe they think one competitor wins too often or not enough. Perhaps they don't like one of the contestants. Perhaps they just prefer one competitor's music or their clothes. The point is that we can never be certain that the winner was really the best.

Of course, you might say that every sport has judges. Umpires in baseball and referees in basketball make decisions, too. However, one bad

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decision by an official doesn’t decide the winner of these games. The competition does.

According to my definition, activities like bowling, ping-pong, and even curling are sports. The person or team that has more points or finishes first wins. The opinion of a judge is not necessary.

There is one more important point. You can be an athlete and not participate in a sport. Cheerleaders, dancers, gymnasts, and figure skaters are incredible athletes. Their activities require a lot of athleticism, strength, and flexibility. They are athletes, but they do not participate in sports. They participate in athletic competitions. In addition, you can participate in a sport and not be an athlete. Bowlers and golfers do not have to be great athletes. They are people with a specific skill, but they are not athletes.

There is one exception to my definition. NASCAR is not a sport. It is simply entertainment. And, in my opinion, it's not even good entertainment.

Vocabulary practice

Exercise 2. Match the words and their meanings.

Speaking

Exercise 3. Finish these sentences in all the ways that are true for you. Comment on your choice.

1. A sport must be ……

–competitive

–serious

–difficult

–skillful

–athletic

–exciting

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2. A sport must have …..

–rules

–judges

–competitors

–a time limit

–a clear winner

–fans

Exercise 4. Talk about your ideas. Do you agree with the following definition of a sport? Why yes or why not?

Sport – a human activity that is competitive, has a definite result, requires physical activity and/or physical skills.

Writing

Exercise 5. An essay “Blood sports: for and against”

Blood sports (e.g. boxing or bullfighting) are considered to be violent and dangerous. Some people propose such sports should be banned and made illegal. Others argue that violent sports should be allowed to continue. Write a short essay to express your point of view.

Reading

Text № 14. Reality TV: would you be a survivor?

Exercise 1. Pre-reading activity. Discuss the answers to these questions.

1.Which type of programs (reality TV, news, TV comedy or drama)

– is entertainment?

– uses actors?

– has a script that is written before the program?

– gives important information?

– is often surprising or embarrassing?

– offers people money or valuable opportunities?

– claims that it shows how people react in real situations?

2.Is reality television popular in your country? If so, which programs are the most popular?

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Exercise 2. Read the article.

A Guide to Reality TV

Reality television programs are growing in popularity. There are many different types, but all of them have one thing in commonthey make ordinary people famous, if only for a few days. Here is a sample of some of the most popular shows.

Big Brother

This popular program originated in the Netherlands. Many different countries have adapted the program. On “Big Brother”, ten people live in a house together. The housemates cannot contact the outside world. There is no TV: radio, telephone, the Internet, newspapers, or any other forms of media. The contestants have to share the housework. In addition, "Big Brother" gives them a special job or task every week. These tasks test their ability to work as a team. In most countries, the audience votes to eliminate one of the competitors each week. In the United States, however, the contestants vote, but the public doesn't.

Fear Factor

On this program, contestants "face their fears" to win money. In order to win, they have to do 20 many things to test their courage. For example, they often have to eat live worms and other small animals such as insects. In addition, their bodies may be covered with bees or they may be asked to get inside a box full of snakes. There are many different types of “Fear Factor” teams. Some of the teams consist of female competitors; other teams are made up of siblings. There have even been parent and child teams. The producers of “Fear Factor” say that all the stunts have been tested. Indeed, no one has been injured yet.

Survivor

One very popular reality show is “Survivor”. On this program, 16 people compete for $1,000,000. They must live outside and cook their own food. They often have to catch it as well. In addition, the competitors must perform different kinds of physical tests. Every week the competitors vote out one member of their group. The producers say that the competition depends on the competitors' ability to survive in the wilderness. However, understanding politics is actually the most important skill. Successful players must be able to make agreements with other players. If they cannot

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do this, the other competitors will eliminate them. When only two people are left, the previously eliminated contestants vote to give one of the finalists $1,000,000.

Temptation Island

“Temptation Island” takes four couples to a tropical island. The couples are not married, but they have serious relationships. On the island, the couples are separated. The four women stay with 13 handsome bachelors. The four men stay with a group of beautiful single women. The single men and women are supposed to tempt the members of each couple to leave their mates. If a single person can convince a man or woman to leave his or her mate, he or she wins. Many religious organizations are upset about this show. They say that it is immoral because it is about sex, not relationships. A television executive defends the show. He says that it helps couples learn about themselves.

Exercise 3. A. Answer the questions:

1.How many reality programs are discussed?

2.Which program began in the Netherlands?

3.Which program gives away $1,000,000?

4.Why did the writer choose to talk about these programs? a. Because they are good reality TV programs.

b. Because they are popular reality programs. c. Because they are unusual reality programs.

5.What is the writer's purpose?

a.To describe the programs.

b.To encourage people to watch the programs.

c.To judge the programs.

6. What do you want to know? Write at least three questions about the article.

a.________________________________________________________

b.________________________________________________________

c.________________________________________________________

B. Check the questions you can answer after the first reading. Then go back and look for the answers that you are unsure of.

1.How many people live together on Big Brother?

2.How much contact can people on Big Brother have with the outside world?

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