Английский язык. Учебное пособие для студентов металлургических специальностей, начинающих изучение языка

Sheet metal forming includes forging, bending and shearing. The thickness of the sheet changes little. Metallurgists stretch the metal beyond its yield point to retain the new shape.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Find the equivalents:

разрабатывать, делить, прокатка, экструзия (выдавливание), волоче- ние, ковка, штамповка, совершать (выполнять), гладкая поверхность, болванка (заготовка), проталкивать, отверстие, штамп (матрица, фильера), удар (воздействие), вытягивать, проволока, размеры попе- речного сечения, придавать форму, штамповка в открытых штампах, колотить, плоский, удар, штамповка в закрытых штампах, изгиб, об- резка, точка текучести металла, сохранять.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences using active words and word combinations.

1.Rolling is ... .

2.If rolling is cold ... .

3.Sheet is ... .

4.Extrusion is ... .

5.The example of complex extrusion is ... .

6.The example of impact extrusion is ... .

7.Drawing consists of ... .

8.It reduces ... and makes ... .

9.The example of it is ... .

10.Forging is ... .

11.It increases ... .

12.Open-die forging is ... .

13.Close-die forging is ... .

14.Sheet metal forming includes ... .

15.To retain the new shape metallurgists ... .

Ex. 3. Answer the questions.

1.How many groups of metalworking processes are there?

2.What is the most common product of rolling?

3.What are the effects of rolling?

4.What is extrusion?

5.What are the examples of complex extrusion and impact extrusion?

6.What does drawing consist of?

7.What are the effects of drawing?

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8.What is forging?

9.What does it increase?

10.What is open-die forging?

11.What is close-die forging?

12.What does sheet metal forming include?

13.What happens to the thickness?

14.How do metallurgists retain the new shape?

Ex. 4*. Translate into English.

1. Все металлургические процессы люди делят на пять широких групп: прокатка, экструзия, волочение, ковка и штамповка. 2. Самый распространенный продукт прокатки – лист. 3. Листовой прокат мо- жет производиться горячим или холодным. 4. Поверхность холодно- катаного листа более гладкая и прочная. 5. Холодная обработка дела- ет металл тверже и прочнее. 6. Поперечное сечение фильеры для экс- трузии может быть простым или сложным. 7. Алюминиевые банки являются примером использования штамповки выдавливанием. 8. Алюминиевые и медные сплавы удобны для экструзии из-за их пластичности. 9. Изменение формы при штамповке производится путем сжатия между двумя штампами. 10. Штамповка листового ме- талла включает в себя ковку, изгиб и обрезку.

Ex. 5. Speak on the topic “Metalworking processes”.

Grammar exercises

Ex. 6. Which is right?

1.He said he is staying/ was staying at the “Ritz” Hotel.

2.They realized that they lost/ had lost their way in the dark.

3.He asked me where I study/ studied.

4.I thought I shall finish/ should finish my work at that time.

5.He says he works/ worked two years ago.

6.Victor said he is/ was busy.

7.My friend asked me who is/ was playing the piano in the sitting-room.

8.He said he will come/ would come to the station to see me off.

9.I want to know what he has bought/ had bought.

10.I asked my friend to tell me what she has seen/ had seen at the museum.

Ex. 7. Make up the sentences, begin them with the words in brackets.

1. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought.)

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2.Her friends will come to her. (She hoped.)

3.She knew English very well. (I supposed.)

4.Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure.)

5.He works at his English hard. (I knew).

6.She made no mistakes in her test. (She was glad.)

7.He doesn’t know German at all. (I found out.)

8.He is painting a new picture. (I heard.)

9.His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure.)

10.You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid.)

Ex. 8*. Translate into English.

1. Мы вчера узнали, что она больна. 2. Я думал, что ты в Москве. 3. Я не знал, что ты уже вернулся в Санкт-Петербург. 4. Мы не думали, что он так рассердится. 5. Мы надеялись, что поедем в Лондон. 6. Она сказала, что Джек пригласил ее в кино. 7. Моя сестра сказала, что ей нравится этот фильм и она будет рада пойти с нами в кино, хотя уже дважды его смотрела. 8. Все были уверены, что Маргарет хорошо сдаст экзамены. 9. Он сказал, что бросит курить. 10. Прости- те, мы не думали, что вы ждете нас.

Ex. 9. Report what Mrs. Lane told her babysitter to do.

1.“Don’t open the door to anyone!”

2.“Phone me if there’s an emergency!”

3.“Don’t let the children eat any sweets!”

4.“Send the children to bed at 9 o’clock”

5.“Give the children the bath before they go to bed!”

6.“Don’t take the dog into the children’s bedroom!”

7.“Close all the windows!”

8.“Put the toys in the cupboard!”

Ex. 10. Turn into Reported Speech:

1.“He orders a pizza for dinner,” he said.

2.“This is the best holiday I’ve ever had,” she said to her friend.

3.“I’ve lost my watch,” I said.

4.“I have to go out,” Mike told us.

5.“I met Diane last week,” Joe said.

6.“I’m going to buy a computer,” Sharon said.

7.“We’ll be home late,” they told their mother.

8.“Ann isn’t working this week”, I told the boss.

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Ex. 11. Report the police-officer’s questions to the shop owner:

1.“”What’s your name?”

2.“Did you see the robbers?”

3.“What were they wearing?”

4.“How do you think they got in?”

5.“What did they take?”

6.“Has this ever happened before?”

Ex. 12.Turn into Reported Speech choosing the reporting verbs:

аdvised, asked, ordered, suggested, explained, warned, promised, begged, offered, refused.

1.“I think you should take more exercise” the doctor said to me.

2.“I will not answer these questions,” the actor said to him.

3.“I really will phone you this evening,” he said.

4.“Do you know where I’ve put my hat?” he asked her.

5.“What have you bought me for Christmas?” the little boy said to his parents.

6.“Go to your room now and do your homework,” the mother said to her son.

7.“Let’s play in the garden!” Ted said.

8.“Don’t go near the fire because it’s dangerous,” she said to Ben.

9.“The sun is bigger than the earth,” Mary said to the children.

10.“Please, don’t shoot me!” he said to the robber.

11.“I promise I’ll write to you as soon as I arrive, Mary,” said John.

12.“Let’s have steak for dinner,” said June.

Ex. 13. Report the following dialogue:

Sally: Have you applied for the job? Diane: Yes, I had an interview yesterday. Sally: How did it go?

Diane: Fine, but I’m wondering if I want the job because I’ll have to move to Manchester.

Sally: What will you do then?

Diane: If they offer me the job, I can’t accept it.

TELEVISION

Topical vocabulary

Active vocabulary

invention – изобретение thanks to … – благодаря…

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to enrich – обогащать

documentary – документальный фильм current events – текущие события advertisement – реклама, объявление

to arouse somebody`s interest – вызывать интерес entertainment – развлечение

feature film – художественный фильм

to deal with, to be concerned with – иметь дело с….знакомить…. to influence – влиять

to depend on – зависеть от

TV viewers -телезрители to attract – привлекать to be for – быть за…

to be against – быть против

to make smb do smth – заставить кого-либо сделать что-либо mass media – средства массовой информации

Passive vocabulary

important events – важные события

to give an opportunity – давать возможность

to cope – справлятьcя с проблемами, трудностями considerable amount – огромное количество modern society - современное общество

aim – цель

impact – влияние, воздействие view point – точка зрения

topical problem – насущная проблема screen – экран

to deny– отрицать

to be of great force – иметь силу, влияние

Text 2. THE ROLE OF TV IN OUR LIFE

TV is one of the best inventions man has ever made. We are beginning to forget what the world was without TV. Thanks to TV we get a great amount of information. It enriches our intellect. We also become better informed by watching documentaries, science programmes and by learning the most important events of the day.

TV gives an opportunity to see the best actors, sport matches, to meet famous people. TV brings the world to our rooms. We see people in our country and in other lands and learn about their customs, occupations, tra-

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ditions, problems. We become cultural people by learning more of the arts. Television helps us to relax after a hard day, so we can cope better with the next day’s work.

There is a considerable amount of TV programmes: news, different talk shows, TV games, concerts and variety shows, sport programmes, feature films and serials. They are of great entertainment value and provide useful topics for conversation. A lot of these programmes are very popular. For example, news deal with political and social problems of modern society. Their aim is to give analysis of the problems and show different points of view. They are concerned with the country’s national events, the most topical political problems of the day. Musical Review presents songs, pop groups, folk songs. It is very popular with TV viewers. TV attracts millions of people to the screen.

But tastes differ. Some people are against TV. They say that TV is doing a lot of harm. It occupies a lot of free time. People used to meet with friends, go to the cinema or theatre, read books, listen to music. Nowadays many people sit watching TV hour by hour. Watching TV for a long time leads to poor health and ruins eye-sight. But nobody makes you watch TV for hours. You can simply switch off your TV-set. Still nobody can deny the fact that TV is of great force in the world today.

Exercises

Ex. 14. Fill in the gaps with the missing active words.

1.TV is … the man has ever made.

2.… a great amount of information.

3.TV … our intellect.

4.We also become better informed … .

5.TV … to see the best actors … .

6.Television helps us to … .

7.There is … of TV programmes.

8.News … of modern society.

9.… is to give analysis … .

10.TV … to the screen.

11.Some people … TV.

12.But nobody … in the world.

Ex. 15. Choose the word, which fits best.

1.TV is the best … that the man has ever made. a) entertainment; b) invention; c) attraction.

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2.TV … our intellect.

a)enriches; b) declines; c) broadens.

3.TV … an opportunity to see the best actors, sport matches, to meet famous people.

a)allows; b) prevents; c) gives.

4.There is a considerable amount of … programmes.

a)variety; b) entertainment; c) feature film.

5.News … with political and social problems.

a)concern; b) deal; c) provide.

6.Their … is to give analysis of the problems and show different view points.

a)target; b) task; c) aim.

7.Some Musical programmes are very popular with TV……

a)spectators; b) viewers; c) audience.

8.Nobody can … the fact that TV is a great force in the world.

a)argue; b) deny; c) agree.

Ex. 16. Answer the questions.

1.TV is the best invention man has ever made, isn’t it?

2.What kind of information do we get thanks to TV?

3.What opportunity does TV give us?

4.There is a great amount of TV programmes. What are they?

5.What do news deal with?

6.What is their main aim?

7.Why are musical programmes popular with TV viewers?

8.Why are some people against TV?

9.Is TV a great force? Why (why not)?

Ex. 17. Read the dialogues and reproduce them.

Kate: Do you like watching TV, Peter?

Peter: Of course! Thanks to TV I enrich my intellect every day. Ask me something..

Kate: Really? What is the smallest country in the world?

Peter: The Vatican City. You see the aim of any TV programme is not only to entertain but also to educate. And what is your most favorite programme, Kate?

Kate: I am fond of music! So the most interesting programme for me is Musical Review. It is concerned with the latest news in show business. Oh, my God, I have to hurry up to watch my best programme. Bye.

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Ann: Where is Alex?

Peter: He said he was going to watch a football match Locomotive vs Real on TV.

Ann: Yes, he is crazy about football. What could he do without sport programmes?! And where is Kate?

Peter: And she said that she would hurry home after classes. She wants to know who will represent Russia at Eurovision music contest. She said that they had promised to declare it in the programme. All TV viewers are for TATU.

Ann: I won’t deny that their music is great, but my view point is that they can perform live can’t! As for me I’m all for SMASH.

Ex. 18. Answer the questions.

1.Are you for or against TV? Why?

2.What are your favourite programmes?

3.Do you prefer going to the stadium or watching matches and concerts on TV?

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LESSON 10

Phonetic exercises

[au] brown, town, powder [ou] mould, components [a:] are, article, particle

[æ] refractory, tantalum, accuracy, mechanical, atomizing, magnets [ ] subsequent, tungsten, reduction

[ ] fish, it, molybdenum, sintering [e ] complicated, shape, preparation

[ ə] ear, shearing, adhere, gear, appear [ju:] music, computer, suitable, fusible [∫] machining, pressure

[ :] homogenious, technique

Text 1. POWDER METALLURGY

Powder metallurgy is a method of making different components from metal powder. Mixing powders of two metals or sometimes a metal and non-metal, we can give a number of useful properties to finished articles: they can be made refractory, heat-resistant, hard-wearing, etc. This method also allows to make objects of complicated shape and very small size with high accuracy. They don’t require any subsequent machining, so this is a process with little waste.

This technique appeared at the end of the 19th century. It was first applied to refractory metals (tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, platinum) because they couldn’t be melted and shaped by traditional methods, such as casting and forging. But later powder metallurgy became used for other metals, too.

The first stage of powder metallurgy process is powder preparation. Powder of some metals and alloys may be produced by mechanical methods, e.g. grinding and milling. Other metals’ powders can be obtained by reduction from the metal oxide by hydrogen or carbon. Copper, iron, molybdenum and tungsten can be prepared in powder from the oxides. Electrolysis is also used. Fusible metals, such as tin, and lead, are transformed into powder form by atomizing: molten metal is poured into a chamber, then it is sprayed with a high-pressure jet of air. The drops of metal are instantly cooled and the powder is obtained.

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The next stage is sintering. The powder is put into a mould or die of a necessary shape. Then it is subjected to high pressure and sintering at a suitable temperature. The particles of powdered materials adhere together to form dense homogeneous mass. The component is ready.

Powder metallurgy is used in the production of permanent magnets, medals, gear wheels, self-lubricating bearings and many other goods.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Find the English equivalents in the text.

порошковая металлургия, детали, готовое изделие, тугоплавкий, жа- ропрочный, износостойкий, сложная форма, с высокой точностью, требовать, последующая механическая обработка, отходы, техноло- гия, появляться, применять, вольфрам, молибден, тантал, этап, при- готовление, мелкое дробление, размол, получать, восстановление, легкоплавкий, преобразовывать, распыление, распылять, заливать, высокое давление, струя воздуха, мгновенно, спекание, литейная форма, литье, подвергать, частицы, слипаться, плотный, однородный, шестерня, подшипник.

Ex. 2. Complete the sentences with words and expressions.

1. ... ... is a method of making different ... from metal powder.

2.Objects obtained by powder metallurgy can be made refractory, heat-

..., ...-wearing.

3.Those objects don’t ... any subsequent ..., so there is very little ... .

4.This technique was first ... to ... metals, such as ..., ..., ... and platinum.

5.The first ... of powder metallurgy process is powder ... .

6.Mechanical methods of getting powder include ... and ... .

7.Copper, iron and tungsten can be ... in powder by ... from their oxides.

8.... metals have low melting point. They can be ... into powder by ... .

9.At the next stage, called ..., the ... of powdered materials ... together to form dense, ... mass.

Ex. 3. Answer the questions.

1.What is powder metallurgy?

2.When did this technique come into use and what metals was it first applied to?

3.What is the first stage of powder metallurgy process?

4.What are the mechanical methods of powder preparation?

5.Describe the process of fusible metals’ powder preparation.

6.What are other methods and what metals are they applied to?

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