Английский язык. Учебное пособие для студентов металлургических специальностей, начинающих изучение языка
.pdfLESSON 3
Phonetic exercises
[ ] ductile, rust, structural, rustproof, tungsten [ ] tin, single, zinc, resist, stiff
[e ] weight, contain, stainless, razor, blade [ʧə] texture, mixture, manufacture, structural [ə:] her, fur, birth, surface
[a ə] tyre, fire, iron, wire
[ n] erosion, explosion, corrosion
Text 1. STEEL
Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. It is strong and stiff. But sometimes it rusts. Stainless steel resists corrosion. Low-carbon steels are ductile and we use them in manufacture of wire and pipes. Mediumcarbon steels contain from 0,2 to 0,4 % of carbon. They are tough and strong and people use them as structural steels. High-carbon steels
(0,4–1,5 %) are hard. People use them in razor blades and springs. Other elements affect properties of steel. Manganese gives extra
strength and toughness. Chromium gives extra strength and corrosion resistance. So we get rustproof steels. Nitrogen makes the surface of steel hard. Steels, which contain tungsten, are very important in machine tools.
Exercises
Ex. 1. Find the English equivalents for the words and wordcombinations:
жесткий, нержавеющая сталь, коррозия, низкоуглеродистая, средне- углеродистая, высокоуглеродистая сталь, конструкционная сталь, производство, проволока, трубы, пружины, лезвия бритвы, марганец, хром, азот, вольфрам, поверхность, инструменты.
Ex. 2. Fill in the gaps:
1.Steel sometimes … .
2.Stainless steel … corrosion.
3.We … low-carbon steels in manufacture of … and … .
4.Medium-carbon steels … from 0,2 to 0,4 % of carbon.
5.High-carbon steels … from 0,4 to 1,5 % of carbon.
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6.People … medium-carbon steels as structural steels.
7.Other elements … properties of steel.
8.Manganese and chromium … extra strength.
9.So we … rustproof steels.
10.Nitrogen … the surface of steel hard.
Ex. 3. Disagree with the statements:
1.Stainless steel rusts.
2.Men use low-carbon steel in manufacture of blade razors.
3.A man uses high-carbon steels as structural steels.
4.High-carbon steels contain from 0,2 to 0,4 % of carbon.
5.Manganese gives extra hardness.
6.We get rustproof steels when we use tungsten.
7.Steel is an alloy of aluminum and carbon.
8.Low-carbon steels are tough and strong.
Ex. 4. Put questions to the text:
1.Stainless steel resists corrosion.
2.Medium-carbon steels contain from 0,2 to 0,4 % of carbon.
3.People use high-carbon steels in pipes and wires.
4.Other elements affect properties of steel.
5.Manganese gives extra hardness.
6.Nitrogen makes the surface of steel ductile.
7.Low-carbon steels are ductile.
8.Steel is strong and stiff.
Ex. 5. Answer these questions.
Ex. 6. Ask questions. Start them with the words in brackets.
1. Stainless steel resists corrosion. (What?) 2. Low-carbon steels contain from 0 to 0,2 % of carbon. (How much?) 3. People use medium-carbon steels as structural steels. (What for?) 4. Other elements affect properties of steel. (What?) 5. Chromium gives extra strength and corrosion resistance. (What element?) 6. We get rustproof steels. (Why?) 7. Nitrogen makes the surface of steel hard. (What kind of?) 8. Steels, which contain tungsten, are very important in machine tools. (Which?)
Ex. 7. Answer these questions.
Ex. 8*. Translate from Russian into English:
1. Иногда сталь устойчива к коррозии. 2. Низкоуглеродистые стали содержат не 0,2–0,4 %, а 0–0,2 % углерода. 3. Их используют для
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производства проволоки? 4. Сколько углерода содержат среднеугле- родистые стали? 5. Какие элементы влияют на свойства стали? 6. Для чего употребляют высокоуглеродистые стали? 7. Сталь прочная и жесткая. 8. Хром придает прочность и устойчивость к коррозии? 9. Какой элемент упрочняет поверхность стали? 10. Марганец придает стали ударовязкость и прочность. 11. Низкоуглеродистые стали не прочные, они пластичные.
Ex. 9. Retell the text.
Grammar exercises
Ex. 10. Add -s or -es:
take, give, fly, speak, mix, say, go, send, finish, catch, kiss, begin, try, tell, bring, explain, start, study, work, walk, come, fix, know, teach, make, do, close, open, understand, watch, like, cry.
Ex. 11. Open the brackets using appropriate form of the verb.
1.My sister (to get up) at eight o’clock.
2.She (to go) to school.
3.Masha (to do) her morning exercises every day.
4.My friend (to speak) French very well.
5.My working day (to begin) at seven o’clock. I (to get up), (to switch on) the radio, and (to do) my morning exercises.
6.My father and I (to leave) home at eight o’clock.
7.My classes (to finish) at three o’clock.
8.You (to study) well.
Ex. 12. Put the following verbs in their appropriate form: сlose, like, like, meet, open, speak, teach.
1.Margaret ... four languages.
2.In Britain the banks ... at 9.30 in the morning.
3.The City Museum ... at 5 o’clock in the evening.
4.Tina is a teacher. She ... Mathematics.
5.My job is interesting. I ... a lot of people.
6.Julia and I are good friends. I ... her and she ... me.
Ex. 13. Put the words in the right order and use the verb in the correct form.
1.Always/ early/ Sue/ arrive/
2.Basketball/ I/ often/ play/
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3.Margaret/ hard/ work/
4.Jenny/ always/ nice clothes/ wear/
5.Dinner/ we/ have/ always/ at 7.30/
6.Television/ Tim/ watch/ never/
7.Like/ chocolate/ children/ usually/
8.Julia/ parties/ seldom/ enjoy/.
Ex. 14. Write sentences about yourself using the following expressions: watch television, read in bed, read in transport, get up early, come to classes late, drink coffee, have a bath in the morning, buy a newspaper.
Ex. 15. Write in the negative.
1.I play the violin.
2.Jane plays the piano very well.
3.They know my phone number.
4.We work very hard.
5.He has a bath every day.
6.You eat in restaurants.
7.Bill and Rose like classical music.
8.Sue studies German.
Ex. 16. Make the statements interrogative.
1.I like chocolate.
2.We play tennis.
3.Tom plays soccer.
4.You live near here.
5.Your friends speak English.
6.I do exercises every morning.
7.Tom works hard.
8.It rains in summer.
Ex. 17. Put the following words in correct order.
1.Where/ live/ your/ parents/?
2.You/ early/ always/ get up/?
3.How often/ TV/ you/ watch/?
4.You/ want/ for dinner/ what/?
5.Like/ you/ football/?
6.Your/ brother/ like/ football/?
7.What/ you/ do/ in the evenings/?
8.Your sister/ work/ there/?
9.To the cinema/ often/ you/ go/?
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10.What/ mean/ this/ word/?
11.Often/ snow/ it/ here/?
12.You/ for/ breakfast/ have/ usually/ what/?
Ex. 18. You can see the answers. Ask the questions.
1.I work in the bookshop.
2.It’s OK.
3.At 9 o’clock.
4.Sometimes.
5.Usually by bus.
6.He’s an engineer.
7.Physics.
8.Yes, he loves it.
Ex. 19. Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1.Когда вы встаете? – Я встаю без четверти семь. 2. Когда встает твой брат? – Он встает без двадцати восемь. – А твоя сестра тоже встает без двадцати восемь? – Нет. Мой брат ходит в школу, а моя сестра не ходит в школу. Ей шесть. Она встает в девять часов. 3. Мой брат работает в больнице. Он встает двадцать минут восьмого. Он работает днем и вечером. 4. Твоя сестра говорит по-французски? – Нет, она говорит по-немецки, а ее муж говорит по-английски.
MY WORKING DAY
Topical vocabulary
I. At the Institute:
The Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys – МИСиС
the Faculty of Metallurgy of non-ferrous metals – факультет цветных металлов
Metallurgical Technologies of resources saving and Ecology Faculty (Metallurgy of Ferrous metals Faculty) – факультет МТРиЭ
Physical and chemical faculty – физико-химический факультет
Technological faculty – технологический факультет the faculty of Ecology – экологический факультет
the faculty of Semiconductor materials and devices – факультет ПМП the faculty of Information Science and Economics – факультет ин-
форматики и экономики
the faculty of Humanities – гуманитарный факультет
full-time, part-time, correspondence department – дневное, вечернее,
заочное отделение
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compulsory subjects – обязательные предметы optional subjects – факультативные предметы
Mathematics – математика Physics – физика Chemistry – химия
Described geometry – начертательная геометрия
Physical Training (PT classes) – физкультура Mechanical drawing – черчение
Foreign languages – иностранные языки History – история
Philosophy – философия
favourite subject – любимый предмет worst subject – нелюбимый предмет classes – занятия
lectures – лекции seminars – семинары
to enter the Institute – поступить в институт
to train metallurgical, chemical, electronic engineers – обучать инженеров-металлургов, химиков, электронщиков
to have 3 classes a day – иметь 3 пары в день
to study at some faculty – учиться на каком-либо факультете to take exams – сдавать экзамены
to pass an examination in maths / English & etc. – сдать экзамен по математике/ английскому языку и т.д.
to write a test-paper in physics – писать контрольную работу по фи-
зике
students’ hostel – студенческое общежитие room-mate – сосед по комнате fellow-student – согруппник
to be present at a class – присутствовать на занятии to be absent from a class – отсутствовать на занятии
II. Daily routines:
to get up – вставать
to wash oneself – умываться
to do one’s morning exercises – делать утреннюю зарядку to take a shower – принять душ
to have breakfast, lunch, dinner – завтракать, обедать, ужинать to cook breakfast – готовить завтрак
to get dressed – одеваться
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to leave home – выходить из дома
to get to the institute by train/ metro/ bus – добираться в институт электричкой, метро и т.д.
to arrive home – приезжать / приходить домой
to do one’s homework – выполнять домашнее задание to do one’s housework – делать работу по дому
to go shopping – идти за покупками
to go out – пойти куда-либо (отдохнуть/ развлечься) to go for a walk – погулять
to go to a club – пойти в клуб
to go to the cinema/ theatre – пойти в кино/ театр to read a book – читать книгу
to watch TV – смотреть телевизор
to go to bed early/late – ложиться спать рано/ поздно on week-days – в будние дни
at week-ends – в выходные
Text 2. PAUL’S WORKING DAY
Hi, folks!
I’m Paul. I’m so happy that I am a student now! It’s not very easy, but it’s fun! So I want to tell you about it.
I live in a students’ hostel and I share a room with my fellow-student. His name is Andrew.
We have classes at the Institute 5 days a week. They usually start at 9 o’clock. So I get up early, at about 7 o’clock. You know, I like girls very much, so I always try to look good. That is why I do my morning exercises every day. Then I take a shower and get dressed. I don’t have time to cook breakfast, so usually I only have a big cup of coffee and a big sandwich. I leave home at about 8 o’clock and I go to the Institute by Metro.
At the Institute we have 3 or 4 classes every day. Some subjects are really difficult. For me it is physics. But some of them are very nice. My favourite subject is, of course, English.
Sometimes my classes finish at 2.30 and sometimes at 4 o’clock. After classes I usually have lunch at the canteen. Then I go to the library, or straight to my hostel. So I arrive home at 6 or 7 o’clock p.m.
Do you love evenings? I do ! In the evening I like going out with my girlfriend. We often go to the cinema or theatre, or just go for a walk. But if my girlfriend is busy, I stay in the hostel and do my homework or watch TV. Besides that, I communicate with my friends.
I have very little time to sleep because I never go to bed early. At about 1 or 2 a.m.
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I always sleep well.
So, this is my usual working day!
What about you?
Ex. 20. Number the activities in the correct order: 1) for Paul; 2) for you.
have lunch
do one’s homework (or watch TV) get up
have breakfast go to the library
go out with one’s girlfriend/ boyfriend go to bed
take a shower arrive home
do one’s morning exercises leave home
get dressed
Ex. 21. Put the words on the left in the correct order to make up questions. Then match them with the answers on the right.
1)up time do what get you?
2)do classes what begin time your?
3)to to the get Institute long how does it take you?
4)Institute do how to the get you?
5)do do what Institute the you on way our to?
6)have usually many how you do classes?
7)you do home when arrive?
8)evenings do do in you the what?
9)out with you do go who?
Ex. 22. Role-play. Work in pairs.
a)I usually stay at home and read a book.
b)Usually at 9 a.m.
c)About 40 minutes.
d)At 7 or 7.30 a.m.
e)At about 7 p.m.
f)3 or 4.
g)Sometimes I read a newspaper, but if the bus is overcrowded I just look at girls.
h)By bus.
i)With my girlfriend.
Student A is a student from the University of Northern Iowa. He/ She wants to know about how Russian students live.
Student B is a student at MISA. He/ She answers Student B’s questions.
Ex. 23. Identify yourself with some famous personality and speak about your usual day.
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LESSON 4
Phonetic exercises
[ :] magnesium, extremely [e ] contain, stainless, obtain [e] let, density, electrum
[k] black, sock, nickel, occur [juə] pure, cure, duralumin [ə:] her, term, permalloy, occur
Text 1. OTHER ALLOYS
The most famous alloys are steel, bronze, brass. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Carbon makes steel stronger than iron.
Teacher: Now we are going to the plant and let’s see the process of obtaining brass, bronze and other alloys.
Student 1: What is this man doing?
T.: He is combining copper and tin as he wants to get bronze. Bronze objects are stronger and harder than those of copper. Sometimes they add other elements like aluminium, tin, lead, etc.
St. 2: What metals is that worker combining?
T.: He’s combining copper and zinc as he wants to obtain brass. Brass is hard-wearing.
St. 1: Where are we going now?
T.: We are going to the shop where they obtain aluminium alloys. Look! These workers are adding copper, manganese, magnesium and silicon to aluminum to obtain duralumin. It contains 94 % of aluminum. Most aluminum alloys are both strong and light.
(at another shop)
T.: This alloy is called permalloy. It is an alloy of iron and nickel. It is magnetically soft. All nickel alloys are extremely corrosion-resistant.
(at another shop) St. 3: I see they’re mixing gold and silver.
T.: They want to get electrum. It contains about 15–45 % of silver. Sometimes it occurs in natural form.
Exercises
Ex. 1. Find the English equivalents for the words and wordcombinations:
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получение, добавлять, износостойкий, цех, магний, дюралюмин, пер- маллой, никель, мягкий, электрон, встречаться.
Ex. 2. Fill in the gaps.
1.Carbon is … than iron.
2.If they want to … brass they … tin and copper.
3.Bronze objects are … and … than those of copper.
4.Sometimes they … tin, aluminum, lead and other elements to obtain bronze.
5.Brass is … .
6.When workers obtain … they … copper, manganese, magnesium, silicon to aluminum.
7.Most aluminum alloys are both … and … .
8.… is an alloy of iron and nickel.
9.… is an alloy of gold and silver.
10.Electrum … in natural form.
Ex. 3. Answer the questions.
1.What are the most famous alloys?
2.What elements do they add to obtain bronze?
3.What are the properties of bronze objects?
4.How much aluminum does duralumin contain?
5.What are the properties of aluminum alloys?
6.What metals do they combine to get permalloy?
7.What kind of alloys are nickel alloys?
8.What is electrum?
Ex. 4. Describe the following alloys: a) bronze; b) brass; c) duralumin; d) permalloy; e) electrum.
Ex. 5*. Translate into English.
1. Самые известные сплавы – сталь, бронза и латунь. 2. Бронзовые предметы твёрже и прочнее, чем сделанные из меди. 3. Латунь – из- носостойкий сплав. 4. Чтобы получить дюралюмин, к алюминию до- бавляют медь, марганец, магний и кремний. 5. Никелевые сплавы чрезвычайно коррозийно устойчивы. 6. Алюминиевые сплавы оди- наково легкие и прочные. 7. Электрон встречается в природе. 8. Дю- ралюмин содержит 94 % алюминия. 9. Электрон содержит 15–45 % серебра. 10. Для получения электрона смешивают серебро и золото.
Ex. 6. Speak on the topic “Alloys”.
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