Английский язык. Учебное пособие для студентов металлургических специальностей, начинающих изучение языка

au [ :] author, sausage, daughter ey [ ] hockey, jockey, kidney aw [ :] paw, law, saw

our [auə] our, sour, flour

ei [ :] receive, deceive, ceiling wa [wo] want, was, watch wor [wə:] work, worse, worth war [w :] war, warm, warp

i + nd, ld [a ] mind, mild, child

a + th, m, s, f [a:] class, brass, craft, path al + m, f, v [a:] palm, calf, calm, valve al + k, l [ :] talk, walk, tall, call,

o + ld [ou] old, cold, hold, bold

o + m, n, v, th [ ] son, love, come, London, mother tion [ʃn] dictation, translation, information

Упр. 27. Прочитайте следующие слова и объясните, по каким правилам они читаются:

cold, thing, path, calf, love, work, warm, ceiling, sour, law, child, bathe, coal, want, jockey, sausage, dictation, glass, company, month, word, hour, picture, goods, board, wall, door, window, water, snow, tear, money, knowledge, information, news, clothes, sugar, salt, watch, book, process, tell, computer, my, tin, fame, bus, morning, phone, ore, tyre, black, write, whole, doctor, boy, Spain, clear, might, quench, rust, list, same, hot, type, life, complete, pink, long, big, little, nice, cute, smart, car, pen, girl, man, table, photo, face, skirt, cat, orange, short, chair, invitation, shelf, city, party, play, leaf, tree, waiter, loaf, sky, wash, wild, worse, jaw, glove, company, survey, about, autumn, tank, phase, bark, fang, rock, join, whisper, finish, check, plain, wry, quest, must, boat, August, shy, round, lawn, watt, perceive, reward, noise, cheek, wrap, catch, count, coast, dawn, cry, spoil, find, raw, quit, combination.

Упр. 28. Прочитайте транскрипцию следующих слов и найди- те их лексический эквивалент в упр. 27:

[ :gəst], [fæŋ], [m n ], [louf], [ʃ :t], [wə:s], [ʧek], [r :], [r w :d], [ple n], [ k ], [ʃugə], [kaunt], [p ŋk], [l :f], [kl ə], [ba:k], [gu:dz], [k mb .ne ʃn], [s :lt], [be ð], [sə:v ], [θ ŋ].

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Упр. 29. Прочитайте слова сначала по столбикам, затем по строчкам:

Упр. 30. а) Прочитайте диалоги, научитесь представлять друг друга по английски и выучите их наизусть. б) Придумайте свой собственный диалог и обыграйте его в аудитории.

Dialogue 1

–Harry, this is Mary.

–Hi!

–Hello!

Dialogue 2

–This is Sam Brown.

–How do you do, Sam, I’m very glad to meet you.

–Thank you. I’m glad to meet you.

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BASIC COURSE

LESSON 1

Phonetic exercises

[ ] gym, oxygen, hydrogen [ʃ] she, shine, precious

[ ] sit, tin, silver, zinc, element [ :] be, meet, see, steel, helium [ou] old, cold, gold

[e] pen, ten, ferrous, precious, chemical, lead, element [æ] man, bad, gas, alloy, platinum

[a:] car, bar, carbon, brass [ ] lot, soft, bronze

ous [əs] famous, ferrous, precious

Text 1. CHEMICAL ELEMENTS

All chemical elements are metals and non-metals. For example, gold, silver, copper, iron are metals. Oxygen, hydrogen, helium are gases. Zinc, copper, lead, tin are non-ferrous metals. Gold, silver and platinum are precious metals. Iron and its alloys are ferrous metals. Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon. Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc. Bronze is an alloy of copper with other elements like aluminum, tin, lead, etc1.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Read the following words in transcription and find their equivalents below:

[s ft], [ :] [k pə], [z ŋk], [br tl], [ka:bən], [t n], [ha:d], [d kta l], [pjuə],

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Ex. 2. Read and translate the following word combinations into Russian:

pure oxygen, pure carbon, tin ore, zinc ore, ductile copper, ductile silver, hard metal, soft metal, brittle metal.

Ex. 3. Find the English equivalents for the words and wordcombinations:

химический элемент, золото, водород, гелий, газ, свинец, цветные металлы, платина, драгоценные металлы, черные металлы, сталь, сплав, углерод, латунь, бронза.

Ex. 4. Complete the sentences with the following words:

alloy(s), ferrous metal(s), non-ferrous metal(s), precious metal(s), gas(es).

1.Gold is a ... .

2.Zinc is a ... .

3.Oxygen is a ... .

4.Steel is an ... .

5.Helium and hydrogen are ... .

6.Copper and lead are ... .

7.Silver and platinum are ... .

8.Iron and its alloys are ... .

9.Brass and bronze are … .

Ex. 5. Put in is or are:

1.Oxygen ... a gas.

2.Bronze and brass ... alloys.

3.Lead and tin ... non-ferrous metals.

4.Platinum ... a precious metal.

5.Gold, iron, silver ... metals.

6.Steel ... an alloy of carbon and iron.

Ex. 6. Put in is not (isn’t) or are not (aren’t):

1.Helium ... a metal.

2.Iron ... a precious metal.

3.Zinc and tin ... ferrous metals.

4.Bronze ... an alloy of copper and zinc.

5.Lead and gold ... alloys.

6.Brass and steel ... gases.

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Ex. 7. Answer the questions (yes/no):

1.Is hydrogen a gas?

2.Is zinc a ferrous metal?

3.Are lead and tin alloys?

4.Are brass and bronze alloys?

5.Is brass an alloy of copper and tin?

6.Are platinum, gold and silver precious metals?

Ex. 8. Answer the following questions:

1.What are helium and hydrogen?

2.What is lead?

3.What is iron?

4.What is steel?

5.What are bronze and brass?

Ex. 9 . Translate the following sentences into English:

1. Железо и его сплавы – черные металлы. 2. Латунь – это сплав меди с цинком. 3. Гелий – это не металл. 4. Свинец – это не драгоценный металл. 5. Олово и алюминий – цветные металлы. 6. Что такое брон- за? 7. Сталь – это сплав железа с углеродом? 8. Серебро и золото – драгоценные металлы. 9. Что такое водород? 10. Кислород – это газ.

Ex. 10. Retell the text “Chemical Elements”.

MYSELF

Topical vocabulary

to be interested in – интересоваться

to be crazy about – быть помешанным на to be keen on – увлекаться

to be fond of – обожать to enjoy – нравиться to like – любить

an engineer – инженер a manager – менеджер a student – студент

a pensioner – пенсионер

a businessman – бизнесмен a journalist – журналист

–––––––––

Здесь и далее упражнения со звездочкой усложненные.

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a hairdresser – парикмахер

a nurse – медсестра, медбрат, няня a shop assistant – продавец

a travel agent – туристический агент relatives – родственники

mother – мать father – отец parents – родители brother – брат sister – сестра

child (children) – ребенок (дети) wife – жена

husband – муж twin – близнец

cousin – двоюродный брат, двоюродная сестра grandparents – бабушка с дедушкой

friend – друг swimming – плавание

cooking – кулинария, приготовление пищи drawing – рисование

travelling – путешествия knitting – вязание

Text 2. MYSELF

Hello! My name is Ira. I’m a student. I study at Moscow Institute of Steel and Alloys. I’m 17. I’m interested in music and sports. I’m crazy about Madonna. I have a lot of posters of her at home. I enjoy playing tennis.

My parents are doctors. My mother’s name is Tatiana and my father’s name is Alexandr. They are 44. They have three children. I have a brother and a sister. My sister is 24. Her name is Lena. She is a secretary in a big company. She likes drawing. She is married. Her husband’s name is Denis. He is a manager. Denis is 29. My brother is 17. We are twins. My brother’s name is Igor. He is keen on Internet and computer games.

I have a close friend. Her name is Katia. She is my fellow-student. Katia has a brother. Her brother’s name is Stas. He is 20. He is a student too. He is my boy-friend. I love him. Stas and Katia have a dog. Its name is Lord. We like to go for a walk and take Lord with us.

I’m happy to have so many people near me.

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Ex. 11. Write down the following nouns in plural:

а box, a plan, a text, a page, a book, an office, a lesson, a street, friend, a boy, a student, a sheep, a place, a library, an axis, a photo, a mouse, a lady, a glass, a bush, a dress, a bus, , a radius, a party, a wife, a day, a knife, a pen, a hero, a crisis, a goose, a company, a life, a deer, a tomato, a city, a bacterium, a man, a play, a child, a shelf, a leaf, a foot, a fish, a woman, a star, a tree, a waiter, a swine, a face, a watch, an index, a cat, a skirt, a criterion, a toy, an ox, a formula.

Ex. 12. Fill in the table, using the words from ex. 11.

Exceptions:

Latin/greek words:

Ex. 13. Match the figures and the words:

Ex. 14. Write the following numbers: 2, 3, 8, 12, 13, 15, 18, 20, 21, 30, 36, 40, 44, 50, 56, 90, 97, 100, 110, 114, 211, 365.

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Ex. 15. Say the phone numbers: 43826, 933 6725, (095) 315 9012, (812) 482 7085, (27) 62 84 55

Ex. 16. Match the words to make sentences:

Ex. 17. Match the words to make sentences:

mine his

This dictionary is

hers ours yours theirs

Ex. 18. Insert necessary possessive pronouns:

1.I have a book. This is ... book. This book is ... .

2.Mary has a car. This is ... car. This car is ... .

3.My friends have a house. This is ... house. This house is ... .

4.Mike has a computer. This is ... computer. This computer is ... .

5.The dog has a bone. This is ...

6.We have children. These are ... children. These children are ... .

7.You have friends. These are ... friends. These friends are ... .

Ex. 19. Match the words to form sentences:

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Ex. 20. Translate into English:

1.У моего брата есть девушка.

2.У его родителей есть дом.

3.У них двое детей.

4.У Мэри есть муж.

5.У меня есть компьютер.

6.У тебя есть его ключ.

7.У нас есть дом в Подольске.

8.У собаки есть кость.

Ex. 21. Match the words to make sentences:

Ex. 22. Open the brackets using the personal pronouns in the appropriate form:

1.Look at (I).

2.This is the text. Read (it) to (I).

3.This is a key. Give (it) to (they).

4.These are pens. Give (they) to (we).

5.Tell these words to (she).

6.I want to tell (you) about (it).

Ex. 23. Look at the chart and fill in the blanks with the appropriate words.

E.g.1 Ann is John’s wife. 1. Cathy ... ... sister. 2. Stephen ... David’s ... .

3. Ann ... ... aunt. 4. George ... ... husband. 5. Mary ... Cathy’s ... . 6. David

... Cathy’s ... . 7. Cathy and Louise ... ... cousins. 8. David ... Ann’s ... .

–––––––––

1 E.g. – for example.

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Ex. 24. Read the text and draw the family tree of Martin.

This is Martin and his family. His wife’s name is Jennifer. She’s a dentist. His daughter’s name is Alison. She’s twenty-three and she is a hairdresser. His son’s name is Andy. He’s nineteen and he’s a student. Alison’s husband is a travel agent. His name is Joe.

... & ...

Ex. 25. Match the words to make sentences:

Ex. 26. Finish the sentences:

My mother is ... .

My father is ... .

My brother is ... .

My sister is ... .

My grandpa is ... .

My granny is ... .

My aunt is... .

My uncle is ... .

My cousin is ... .

My friend is ... .

Ex. 27. Match the words to form the sentences:

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