Английский язык. Учебное пособие для студентов металлургических специальностей, начинающих изучение языка

Grammar exercises

Ex. 7. Write the -ing form of the verb:

to add, to combine, to mix, to sing, to read, to stop, to use, to listen, to run, to buy, to die, to swim, to come, to do, to smoke, to drink, to drive, to think, to lie, to obtain.

Ex. 8. Put in am, is, are.

1.The boys … running about the garden.

2.I … doing my homework now.

3.She … studying chemistry.

4.The dog … lying on the floor.

5.We … talking about our studies. Join us!

6.It … raining.

7.Mike … smoking on the balcony.

8.You … buying too much.

Ex. 9. Open the brackets using Present Continuous.

1.John and his friends (to work) in the library.

2.A young man (to stand) at the window.

3.Listen! She (to sing) very nicely?

4.It (to snow).

5.What you (to read)?

6.He (to come).

7.He (not to swim) at the moment.

8.We (not to drive) so we can have a glass of beer.

9.I (to sleep).

10.Who (to listen) to the radio?

Ex. 10. Open the brackets using Present Simple or Present Continuous:

I.I (to want) to go home. 2. I (not to remember) him. 3. I (not to understand). What you (to mean)? 4. Sam (to think) about her all the time. 5.You (to believe) in God? 6. What you (to prefer) tea or coffee? 7. They (to have) lunch at the moment. 8. They (to have) little time. 9. I (to think) you are wrong. 10. We (to love) our city. 11. He (not to hear) you. 12. My dog (to like) swimming.

II. Excuse me. You (to speak) English? 2. Where’s Tom? He (to have) a shower. 3. Sandra (to be) tired. She (to want) to sleep. 4. Excuse me. You (to sit) on my place. 5. Where’s Mum? She (to be) in the kitchen. She (to cook) dinner. 6. He (to be) on the beach? –Yes,he (to swim). 7. What time you usually (to finish) your work? 8. How often you (to

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work ) at your English? 9. Why the girl (to cry)? 10. How many cigarettes you (to smoke) a day?

Ex. 11. Translate into English.

1. Чем ты занимаешься? – Я бизнесмен. 2. Что ты сейчас делаешь? – Я завтракаю. 3. Твой брат ходит в школу или в институт? – Мой брат ходит в школу. 4. Смотри, она так хорошо танцует. – Да, она еще и хорошо поет. 5. Что ты готовишь? – Я готовлю яблочный пирог. 6. Как она одета? – На ней синий костюм. 7. Я хожу в фитнес–клуб по средам и субботам. 8. Что ты предпочитаешь: чай или кофе? – Чай, но сейчас я пью кофе. 9. Ты часто ходишь в кино? – Нет. 10. Мы живем в Глазове, но сейчас живем в Москве.

Ex. 12. Give three degrees of comparison:

strong, hard, small, large, big, clever, bad, thin, beautiful, merry, far, weak, light, wide, interesting, thick, old, dry, famous, good, nice, fat, little, malleable, happy, many, long, expensive, busy.

Ex. 13. Open the brackets using the suitable form of the verb.

1.What car is (expensive)?

2.Which river is (long) the Nile or the Amazon?

3.The Volga is (short) than the Mississippi.

4.She speaks French (good) than English but (bad) than German.

5.Which movie is (interesting)?

6.Who is (beautiful) girl in your group?

7.I am (clever) than he is.

8.This house is (far) than that one.

9.This metal is (malleable) of all.

10.These girls are (merry) than those ones.

Ex. 14. Put in so … as, as … as.

1.My room is … light … this one.

2.Kate is not … nice … Susan.

3.Nick's English is not … good … hers.

4.This man is … old … that one.

5.These streets are … wide … those ones.

6.I love you … much … you love me.

SEASONS. WEATHER. FREE-TIME ACTIVITIES

Topical vocabulary

season – сезон, время года

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winter – зима spring – весна summer – лето autumn – осень weather – погода

What is the weather like? – Какая погода? weather forecast – прогноз погоды

to snow – идти (о снеге)

It snows in winter. – Зимой идет снег. to rain – идти (о дожде)

It is raining now. – Сейчас идет дождь.

It looks like rain. – Похоже, сейчас начнется дождь. cloud – облако

It is cloudy. – Облачно. fog – туман

sun – солнце wind – ветер cold – холодный

It is cold. – Холодно. warm – теплый

hot – жаркий, горячий

indoors/outdoors – в помещении/ на улице

Eric is on Christmas holiday in Australia. This is his letter to Mary, his girlfriend, who is now in London. Read it and do the exercises after it.

Text 2. A LETTER

Hi, Mary!

How are you? What’s the weather like in London? I’m fine and I’m having a wonderful time here!

You know that here, in Australia, everything is different. Now it’s December and it is a summer month here. So, it’s really very hot! Usually the temperature is about 25 degrees above zero! So, Australians celebrate Christmas in a special way! Many of them go to the beach on Christmas day! They go swimming, play cricket or volleyball, surf or just sit around with family and friends and enjoy Christmas dinner. Santa Claus comes on a surfboard. And as the weather is far from cold, he often wears a swimsuit or funny shorts. Ice-cream Christmas pudding is a traditional meal.

For students it’s a great time – it’s also the beginning of their summer holidays and this means FUN, SUN and SURF!

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They say some people also celebrate Christmas in a fun way on the 25th of July. This “cold Christmas” is becoming more and more popular!

As for me, every day I go to the beach and go sunbathing. Sometimes I go surfing. But today the weather isn’t very nice. It’s very windy, the sky is cloudy and it’s raining. It’s still warm. I love you & I’m missing you a lot.

Write me soon. Yours, Eric.

Ex. 15. Remember the context in which Eric uses the following words:

fine, wonderful, different, summer, above zero, special way, swimsuit, summer, “cold Christmas”, raining, missing.

Model: Fine. Eric says he’s fine.

Ex. 16. Write a similar letter from Mary to Eric (from England to Australia) or from you to your boy/girl-friend.

Ex. 17. Check the meaning of new words in your dictionary. Learn to pronounce them:

dancing, visiting museums, doing crosswords, walking, skiing, listening to music, watching TV, taking photographs, ice-skating, cooking, playing computer games, sailing, painting, swimming, reading, eating in restaurants, going to the cinema, playing volleyball, (wind) surfing, sunbathing, playing cards, fishing.

Ex. 18. Work in pairs. Tell your partner what you like doing and what you don’t like doing from the list. Ask your partner the questions according to the example.

A.I don’t like watching TV, but I like reading very much.

B.Oh, cool! What do you read? What are you reading now?

Ex. 19. Write “play” or “go”:

Ex. 20. What season is it now? What are the seasons? What month is it now? What are the months? When are different seasons in Russia?

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LESSON 5

Phonetic exercises

[a ] device, bauxite, oxide, light [ :] more, ore, ornament

[ju:] tune, music, computer, use [juə] pure, duralumin, valuable

Text 1. NON-FERROUS METALS: ALUMINIUM

There are two main groups of metals: ferrous and non-ferrous metals. It’s easy to understand that ferrous metals contain iron and non-ferrous metals don’t contain it.

Examples of non-ferrous metals are copper, lead, tin, aluminium, gold, silver etc. All these metals have many good properties. It helps to use them for many things.

E. g. we use copper to make different electrical devices, because this metal is a good electrical conductor.

Gold and silver are beautiful and so we use them to make ornaments. One of very useful non-ferrous metals is aluminium. Aluminium is a

silvery-white metal, light in weight and also a good electrical conductor. It is a cheap metal because there is a lot of this metal on earth. The main aluminium ore is bauxite.

Aluminium rusts – reacts with oxygen – very actively. So we don’t use pure aluminium, but its oxides. People make dishes, wire, foil for cooking from aluminium. But it is especially valuable because it’s a strong but light metal. That gives us a chance to use it for making parts for cars, planes and even spaceships.

Exercises

Ex. 1. Find in the text the equivalents for the following Russian words and expressions:

черные металлы, цветные металлы, содержать, медь, свинец, олово, алюминий, золото, серебро, электроприборы, электропроводник, ржаветь, украшения, легкий по весу, реагировать, чистый (металл), оксид, боксит, прочный.

Ex. 2. Be able to reproduce the sentences from the text in which those expressions are used.

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Ex. 3. Fill in the blanks with missing words. Consult the text when necessary.

1.… metals are the metals which don’t contain iron.

2.Ferrous metals … iron.

3.Copper is a good … conductor, so we … it to make different electrical …

4.We don’t use … aluminium, because it reacts with oxygen; we use its … .

5.Aluminium is … in weight.

6.Aluminium is especially valuable for its two main properties: it’s … and …

Ex. 4. Answer the questions in pairs.

1.What are the main groups of metals?

2.What do we call ferrous and non-ferrous metals?

3.Where do we use such metals as copper, gold and silver?

4.What kind of metal is aluminium? What are its properties?

5.Why is aluminium cheap?

6.Why don’t people use pure aluminium?

7.Where do we use aluminium?

Ex. 5. Use questions of ex. 4. as a plan and retell the text.

Ex. 6*. Translate the sentences into English.

1.Алюминий – металл, лёгкий по весу, но очень прочный.

2.Серебро не реагирует с кислородом.

3.Золото не ржавеет. Из него делают украшения.

4.Алюминий – цветной металл, который мы добываем из боксита.

5.Чёрные металлы содержат железо.

Grammar exercises

Ex. 7. Write questions. All the sentences are future.

1.You/ go out/ tonight?

2.You/ work/ next week?

3.What/ you/ do/ tomorrow evening?

4.What time/ your friends/ arrive?

5.When/ Liz/ go/ on/ holiday?

Ex. 8. Put the verbs in the Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1.(You/go) out this evening? – No, I’m tired.

2.(We/ go) to a concert this evening. (it/start) at 7.30.

3.Do you know that (Sally/ get married) next month?

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4.Silvia is doing her English course at the moment. The course (finish) on Friday.

5.(We/ meet) at John’s house at 8 o’clock.

6.How (you/get) home after the party? – I can go by bus, it (leave) at midnight.

7.Do you want to go to the cinema? – Yes, what time (the film/begin)?

8.What (you/do) on Monday? – I (work).

Ex. 9. Complete the sentences using to be going to + one of this verbs: eat, rain, lie down, stay, walk, wash, watch, wear.

1.My hands are dirty, I ... them.

2.What you ... to the party tonight?

3.I don’t want to go home by bus. I ... .

4.John is going to London next week. He ... with some friends.

5.I’m hungry. I ... a sandwich.

6.Sue is tired. She ... for an hour.

7.That’s a good film on TV this evening. You ... it?

8.Look up the sky! It ... .

Ex. 10. Open the brackets using the verbs in Future Simple.

1.I (to play) chess tomorrow.

2.Nick (not to go) to his birthday next week. He (to be) on a business trip.

3.You (to dance) with me?

4.She (to marry) you?

5.They (to meet) next month.

6.I (not to take) coffee today, I (to take) a cup of tea.

7.I don’t think Diana (to pass) her exams.

8.Lie down and you (to feel) better.

9.We (to enjoy) the movie.

10.He (to invite) Mary to his birthday party?

Ex. 11. Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself using the following expressions:

I’ll be..., I’ll probably be..., I don’t know where I’ll be.

at 10 o’clock tomorrow, one hour from now, at midnight, at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon, two years from now.

Ex. 12. Which is right?

1.We’ll go/ We’re going to the theatre tonight. We’ve got the tickets.

2.What will you do/ are you doing tomorrow evening? – Nothing I’m free.

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3.They’ll go/ They’re going away tomorrow morning. Their train will be/is at 8.40.

4.I’m sure she’ll lend/ she’s lending us some money. She’s very rich.

5.This letter is for Rose. – OK. I give/ I’ll give/ I’m going to give it to her.

6.I like sport. I watch/ I’ll watch a lot of sport on TV.

7.I phone/ I’ll phone you tomorrow, OK?

8.Steve can’t meet us on Saturday. He’ll work/ He’s working.

Ex. 13. Respond to the following phrases.

Ex. 14. Open the brackets paying attention to the use of Present Simple after if, when, as soon as, before, after, till, until:

1.If you (to translate) this article I’ll use it in my report.

2.If it (to rain) we won’t go out tonight.

3.Don’t forget to pay for your dinner before you (to leave) the restaurant.

4.When my friend (to come) to St.Petersburg we’ll go to the Hermitage.

5.I’ll call you back after I (to finish) my translation.

6.I won’t play tennis till my partner (to come).

7.As soon as Mike (to get) free he’ll help you.

8.Where will you go when you (to come) to London?

Ex. 15. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the verb.

1.If the party (to finish) late, I (to take) a taxi.

2.I (to go) out tonight as soon as I (to get) free.

3.She (to visit) Trafalgar Square when she (to arrive) in London.

4.I (not to leave) that place until I (to talk) to her.

5.Before you (to give) me your test-papers check everything up.

6.We (not to go) anywhere if it (to snow).

7.You (not to pass) your exam after you (to miss) so many classes.

8.After my younger brother (to finish) school, he (to enter) our University.

9.Where they (to go) when the weather (to become) better?

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10. As soon as we (to see) him we (to talk) to him at once.

Ex. 16. Translate into English.

1.Когда мы встречаемся? 2. В какое время начинается фильм?

3.Как только он придет домой, я тебе перезвоню. 4. Ты пойдешь ку- да-нибудь, если пойдет дождь? 5. Здесь темно, мне включить свет?

6.Что ты собираешься делать на праздниках? 6. По-моему, сейчас пойдет дождь. 7. Возможно, я буду в библиотеке завтра утром. 8. Что ты ему скажешь, когда увидишь его? 9. Что ты делаешь сегодня ве- чером? – Я не знаю, но, возможно, я пойду в кино. 10. Когда ты уез- жаешь? – Мой поезд отходит в 5:20. 11. Давай устроим вечеринку. – Кого мы пригласим? 12. Прежде чем ты пойдешь обедать, помой руки!

ASKING THE WAY

Directions

Turn left/right – Поверните налево/направо

Go/walk straight on – Идите прямо

Take the first/second turning on the left/right – Поверните на первом/втором перекрестке налево/направо

Turn left/right after the zebra crossing – Поверните налево/направо после перекрестка

Go over the bridge – Пройдите по мосту

Go past the post-office/bank/cinema – Пройдите мимо почты/банка/кинотеатра

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