2. The following sentences have been removed from the text. Decide in which numbered gap each one should go. (There is one extra sentence which you don’t have to use).
A The vast majority of cases where linguists are involved concern issues of linguistic competence.
B There are perhaps three main areas of application for linguists working in forensic contexts; understanding language of the written law, understanding language use in forensic and judicial processes and the provision of linguistic evidence.
C Linguists, for example, have a considerable interest in the language of police (and other) interviews of witnesses and suspects.
D Forensic linguist applies linguistic knowledge and techniques to the language used in legal cases or proceedings and private disputes between parties which may result in legal action.
E Linguists are interested in the nature of the complexity of legal language and also whether anything can be done about it.
F Evidential texts have varied considerably in length and type in recent cases from SMS text messages to long terrorist conspiracy documents.
3. Define the main idea of the text and express it in one or two sentences.
II. Vocabulary Work
1. Write down the words which mean the following:
the clearness of speech
a short characteristics of a speaker (his/her age, sex, social background, etc.)
intentional changing of a voice or appearance
a call or warning that give you false information
pragmatics deals with this type of meaning
the origin of the text
the process of correction, organization and other modifications of either a tape or a video
the branch of phonetics that deals with physical characteristics of speech sound
speech defects
method of speaker identification by witnesses, when they must recognize suspect’s voice among other voices
2. Read the text and translate the words in brackets.
Forensic phonetics applies, separately or simultaneously, three distinct modes of phonetic description: (1.акустический, артикуляторный и слуховой). The primary area of auditory research is (2.идентификация личности по речи) by victims and witnesses, imitation and (3.преднамеренное изменение голоса) and identification of class characteristics of speakers, including first-language interference, regional or social accent and dialect, and speaker age. Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical characteristics of speech sounds. (4.Идентификация личности по речи) is requested in criminal offences, such as making (5.заведомо ложный телефонный звонок) to the police, ambulance or fire brigade using speech disguise, making threatening or harassing telephone calls, blackmail or (6.вымогательство), or taking part in criminal (7.заговор) such as those involving the importation, trafficking or manufacture of illegal drugs. Phonetic analysis of a voice can help to establish (8.характеристика говорящего). Using voice analysis it is possible to get the information about the speaker’s sex, age, regional and social background, and such peculiarities as (9.дефект речи). Detailed phonetic analysis also helps to identify (10.происхождение текста).