- •Law and science учебноe пособие по английскому языку
- •Часть 1, 2 и 6 – о.Л. Федотова
- •2. Give Russian equivalents to the following English collocations from the text:
- •4. Complete the sentences according to the text and translate them into Russian:
- •5. Give explanations or definitions to the words given below:
- •6. Read the following “wise thoughts”, fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from exercise 5 and agree or disagree with them. Give your grounds:
- •7. Translate sentences into Russian:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2
- •Lawyers and scientists
- •1. Read the text and decide whether these statements are true (t) or false (f):
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text: lawyers and scientists in court
- •3. Using information from the chart make up a conclusion what they have in common and what is different.
- •4. Think over the question: Whose work seems more attractive for you? Give your grounds.
- •Expert witness
- •1. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •2. Retell the text using information from the chart. Text 4
- •Forensic experts
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Write down an abstract to the text using information given below about its structure.
- •2. Choose the right answer:
- •3. Read the text:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •Glossary
- •Unit 2 forensic science text 1
- •Forensic science
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •7. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •8. Combine words from different columns to get a verb-noun collocation from the text and write down your own sentences with them:
- •Text 2 (a)
- •1. Read the text and answer the following questions:
- •What is forensic science?
- •2. Compare text a and b. Complete the chart with the omitted information from text a.
- •The scope of forensic science
- •2. Read the text and complete the lists of terms describing each area of science that has forensic applications:
- •3. Read possible definitions of the notion «Forensic Science», which of them is the best in your opinion. Give your reasons.
- •4. Make up an abstract of the text in writing using key words from exercise 2. Text 4
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •What is a forensic scientist?
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text:
- •2. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Act as interpreter:
- •4. Render the text below in English (see p. 128). Судебная экспертиза
- •1. Solve the puzzle and find the hidden word (shadowed):
- •2. Read the text:
- •1. Determine if the following statement is:
- •2. Determine the main idea of the text:
- •3. Read the text and replace Russian words in brackets with their English equivalents:
- •Glossary
- •Unit 3 handwriting in forensics text 1
- •Handwriting in forensics
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Find the word from exercises 1 and 2 for each definition:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Find synonyms from the text to the following words:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate the sentences paying special attention to the meanings of the phrasal verb ‘look’:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •9. Highlight the main points of the text and give a summary of the text. Text 2
- •Forensic document examination
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Make up sentences using the words below (the first word in the sentence is in bold type):
- •3. Complete the scheme with proper information from the text:
- •4. Write down an abstract to the text. Text 3
- •Graphologists vs. Forensic document examiners
- •1. Skim the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Look at the handwriting analysis sample and determine if it was done by a graphologist or a forensic document examiner. Give your reasons.
- •3. Think over the questions:
- •Text 5
- •Graphology
- •1. Compare text I and text 5 and find out what differs forensic analysis of handwriting from
- •2. Render the text in English: графология. Графологическая экспертиза
- •3.Act as interpreter:
- •4. Test youselves:
- •1. Choose the right answer
- •2. Fill in the chart with the information that you can remember from text 3 and text 4:
- •Glossary
- •Unit 4 authorship identification text 1
- •Authorship identification
- •1. Give English equivalents from the text to the following Russian terms and word combinations:
- •2. Match the English words from the text with their Russian equivalents:
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •4. Fill in the gaps:
- •5. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •6. Translate the sentences paying special attention to Gerund and Participle I forms:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •Text 2
- •Stylistics and questioned authorship
- •1. Comprehensive questions:
- •2. Tick the true statements and correct the false ones:
- •3. Fill in the chart and write down an abstract of the text:
- •Text 3
- •Plagiarism
- •1. Skim the text and find:
- •2. Look closer at the types of plagiarism and then look at the samples of plagiarism to determine the type. Give your reasons:
- •Text 4
- •Software forensics
- •2. Fill in the chart with the information from the text:
- •2. Answer the questions:
- •3. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •4. Render the text below in English. Судебно-автороведческая экспертиза
- •Glossary
- •Unit 5 forensic linguistics text 1
- •Forensic linguistics
- •2. Find the words or word combinations in the text which mean the following:
- •3. Working with the text find synonyms to the following words:
- •6. Complete the sentences according to the text:
- •7. Translate into English:
- •8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2 the work of a forensic linguist
- •2. Fill in the table using information from the text. Add your own ideas:
- •3. Render the text using the information from the table.
- •4. Look through the interview with Tim Grant, Deputy Director at the Centre for Forensic Linguistics at Aston University and match the interviewer’s questions with the answers.
- •1.______________________________________________________________________
- •5. Read the interview once again and make up an abstract in writing. Use the following words and expressions:
- •The areas of forensic linguistics
- •2. Fill in the chart with appropriate information from the text and retell it.
- •Судебная лингвистика
- •Text 4 forensic phonetics
- •1. Look through the text and match the subtitles with the necessary passage:
- •1. Read the text and answer the questions:
- •2. Make up an abstract of the text in writing.
- •3. Render the text bellow in English. Судебная фонетика
- •4. Test yourselves:
- •I. Reading.
- •1. Read the text and choose the most suitable heading bellow for each of the numbered paragraphs. One heading is an odd one out.
- •2. The following sentences have been removed from the text. Decide in which numbered gap each one should go. (There is one extra sentence which you don’t have to use).
- •3. Define the main idea of the text and express it in one or two sentences.
- •II. Vocabulary Work
- •1. Write down the words which mean the following:
- •2. Read the text and translate the words in brackets.
- •Glossary
- •Unit 6 forensic examination of digital evidence
- •2. Give Russian equivivelents to the following English terms:
- •3. Which sentence, in your opinion, summarizes the text best of all? Give your grounds:
- •2. Complete the sentence:
- •3. Make direct questions instead of indirect ones:
- •4. Guess the word from the text by means of its definition:
- •4. Make up the glossary of the text and learn these terms by heart. Text 2 how is digital evidence processed?
- •1. Read the text and make up the list of verbs closely associated with each step of the process:
- •2. Make up your helpful tips for forensic examiner (Dos and Don’ts list) using as many verbs as possible.
- •3. Write down a memo for the staff how they should deal with evidence examined.
- •Important points to remember:
- •Text 3 documenting and reporting
- •Illustrate the meanings of these words in your own sentences.
- •Examiner's report
- •Case brief 1 report memorandum
- •Items Analyzed:
- •Ima Examiner
- •Ima d. Examiner
- •Glossary
- •1. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •2. Do you know the format of this document? What document is it? What are its characteristics?
- •Text 2 functions of a forensic document examiner
- •Text 3 collection of writng standards
- •Text 4 process of comparison
- •Text 5 photocopy examination
- •Text 6 the linguistic investigation of authorship
- •Структура реферата:
- •Логико-грамматические лексические единицы
- •Contents
7. Translate into English:
Судебная лингвистика представляет собой применение лингвистических знаний в правовой сфере. Судебная лингвистика занимается изучением и анализом языка юридических документов и судебных процессов. Судебный лингвист работает с различными видами документов, которые имеют отношение как к уголовным делам так и к гражданским спорам, включая договоры, соглашения, заявления, оспариваемые завещания, предсмертные записки, а также письма с требованием выкупа. Помощь судебного лингвиста может потребоваться при анализе языка перекрестных допросов, свидетельских показаний, предписаний судьи, предупреждений и техники ведения допросов. Лингвисты предоставляют помощь эксперта в случае возникновения спора относительно интеллектуальной собственности и торговой марки.
8. Make up a summary of the text (in English). Text 2 the work of a forensic linguist
Read the text and answer the following questions:
What areas of life have linguists extended their work since XIX century?
What kind of matters do they examine nowadays?
What are the stages of a legal proceeding?
Why is the work of a forensic linguist important at the investigative stage?
What does the work of a forensic linguist consist of at the trial stage?
Why may a forensic linguist’s assistance be necessary at the appeal stage?
Today linguistics spreads to all areas of life. For decades linguists have extended their work to such areas as medical communication, advertising and to the interrelation between law and language. The dialogue of these fields of science has begun since XIX century and developed more and more. For example, in the 70-es of the XX century the demand of society to create an understandable language of judicial procedure promoted the cooperation of jurisprudence and linguistics, in 80-es and 90-es discussion of fresh wording of legislation was held in the presence of linguists. Lately the process of the legal harmonization in the EU and the development of the market and new means of communication have become the most important factors in the development of this dialogue. As a result linguists have begun examining such matters as voice identification, authorship of written documents, unclear jury instructions, lawyer-client communication breakdown, the nature of perjury, problems in written legal discourse, defamation, trademark infringement, courtroom interpretation and translation difficulties, the adequacy of warning labels, and the nature of tape recorded conversation used as evidence.
The work of forensic linguists is important at all stages of a legal proceeding namely the investigative stage, the trial stage and the appeal stage. The investigative stage is also sometimes referred to as the intelligence stage. In this part of the process it is important to gather information relating to the alleged crime. Not all of the information which is gathered during investigations can be used in court, and so a linguist who assists law enforcement officers during the intelligence stage may, in fact, find that there is no requirement to give evidence at any subsequent trial. Examples of linguistics intelligence work are included analysis of ransom notes, letters purporting to provide information on a case, mobile (cell) phone text messages, and specific threat letters. Linguists have also been asked to analyze texts purporting to be suicide notes. Even though the police in such cases may not suspect anybody, it could be important to establish whether the questioned text can throw any light on the cause or circumstances of death. Also at the investigative stage, the police may need to have an opinion on a text or an interview tape, perhaps to assist in developing interrogation strategies. It is unlikely that anything a linguist says about veracity would be acceptable evidence in court, which is why this kind of linguistic analysis is usually confined to the investigative stage.
At the trial stage any one of a number of types of linguistic analysis may be called for, including questions of authorship (Who wrote the text? /Who is the speaker in this recording?), meaning and interpretation (Does this word mean x, y or something else?), threat analysis (Does the text contain a threat?), or text provenance and construction (Was the text dual‑authored? Was it written rather than spoken? etc).
If a defendant is convicted of a crime it is common, especially these days, for the defence legal team to launch an appeal almost immediately. The structure and nature of appeals varies from country to country, and in some countries appeals are based on the claim that new evidence has been made available, or that existing evidence should be looked at in new ways. It is becoming increasingly common for linguists to be called in to assist legal counsel at the appeal stage, either because there may be some dispute about the wording, interpretation or authorship of a statement or confession made to police, or because a new interpretation of a forensic text (such as a suicide or ransom note) may have become apparent since the conviction.