- •About the Author
- •Credits
- •How This Book Is Organized
- •Part I: Linux Basics
- •Part II: Installation
- •Part III: Configuration
- •Part IV: Administration
- •Part V: Maintaining the Linux System
- •How Each Chapter Is Structured
- •How to Use This Book
- •Conventions Used in This Book
- •What is Linux?
- •The origin of UNIX
- •Who started Linux?
- •Understanding Open Source
- •Understanding Closed Source
- •Understanding Artistic License
- •Is Freeware really free?
- •Is Shareware never free?
- •A comparison and contrast of licensing methods
- •The Growth of Linux
- •Linux on a Personal Computer
- •Graphical installation
- •Hardware detection
- •Graphical user interface
- •Linux limitations on the PC
- •Linux succeeds on the PC
- •Linux on workstations
- •Linux on servers
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Linux Kernel
- •Kernel versions
- •Kernel availability
- •Linux Distributions
- •Beehive
- •BlueCat
- •Caldera OpenLinux
- •Debian
- •Corel
- •DragonLinux
- •Elfstone
- •Gentoo
- •Hard Hat Linux
- •KRUD
- •LinuxPPC
- •Mandrake
- •Phat Linux
- •Slackware
- •StormLinux
- •SuSE
- •TurboLinux
- •Yellow Dog Linux
- •Mini and Specialty Distributions
- •Astaro
- •KYZO
- •FlightLinux
- •NetMAX
- •Packages and Packaging Solutions
- •Red Hat Package Manager
- •Debian Package Management System
- •Tarball
- •Linux Resources
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Linux In the Real World
- •Word Processing
- •Spreadsheets and databases
- •Web browsing
- •File transfer
- •More, more, and more applications
- •The Server and DNS
- •A Linux Web server
- •Linux e-mail server
- •File servers
- •Proxy, news, and search servers
- •FTP servers
- •Firewalls
- •Determining Linux Roles and Services
- •Comparing Linux with other operating systems
- •Hardware compatibility
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Installing Linux
- •Final Preparations for Installation
- •Verification
- •Package selection
- •Final hardware verification
- •Pre-installation partitioning planning
- •Installing Linux
- •Text or GUI installation
- •Basic setup of Linux
- •Selecting the machine type
- •Partitioning the hard disk drive
- •Installing a boot manager
- •Creating the Boot Diskette
- •Networking
- •Additional installation information
- •Accounts and passwords
- •Additional packages to install
- •GUI installation
- •Obtaining video card information
- •Configuring the X windows system
- •Selecting the windows manager or desktop environment
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Answers to Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Alternative to the GUI Installation
- •Command Line installation
- •Install the Linux system
- •Network installations of Linux
- •Review of a Linux Installation
- •Installation media
- •Initial selections
- •Installation type or class
- •Disk partitioning and formatting
- •Installing LILO
- •Network configuration
- •User accounts
- •Authentication methods
- •Package selection and installation
- •A Dual-Boot Installation of Linux
- •Linux with Microsoft Windows
- •Linux with Microsoft Windows NT and 2000
- •Linux and Solaris
- •Linux and other operating systems
- •Installing Additional Software with gzip and tar
- •Installing Additional Software with RPM
- •Removing software with RPM
- •Upgrading software with RPM
- •Query the RPM software
- •Verify the RPM software
- •Verify the package files
- •Upgrading the Kernel
- •Upgrading a Linux Kernel
- •System Log Files
- •The Final Test of the Installation
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •What is the X Window System?
- •The X Window System
- •X Client and Server communications
- •X Window Manager
- •Configuring X Window Systems
- •Custom X Window System Programs
- •Manual Configuration of the X Window System
- •Documentation
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Basic Network Services
- •TCP/IP Protocol Suite
- •Connection protocols needed
- •Other network protocols
- •Configuring Basic Network Services
- •Host name
- •IP addressing
- •DHCP
- •Netmask
- •Hardware resources
- •Routing and gateways
- •PPP, SLIP and PLIP connections
- •Server Tasks with
- •IP aliases for virtual hosts
- •Apache Web Server
- •Samba File Server
- •Home directories
- •Disk shares
- •Configuring Client Services
- •SMB/CIFS
- •NIS client configuration
- •NFS client configuration
- •Configuring Internet Services
- •Web browser
- •POP and SMTP
- •TFTP
- •SNMP
- •Remote Access
- •Rlogin
- •Telnet
- •OpenSSH
- •Documentation
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Adding Hardware
- •Memory
- •Swap
- •Adding a hard drive
- •Video and monitor
- •Printers
- •Configuration files
- •Setting environment variables
- •BASH
- •Documentation
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Basic User and Group Administration
- •What are users and groups?
- •Creating users
- •Change user information
- •Deleting users
- •Creating groups
- •Getting Around Linux
- •Navigating Linux
- •Common file and directory commands
- •Setting File and Directory Permissions
- •Mounting and Managing File Systems
- •Mount
- •Umount
- •Mounted file systems
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Multi-User Environment
- •The creation of Virtual Consoles
- •The Linux Terminal Server Project
- •Configurations for remote systems
- •Monitoring remote connections
- •Common Shell Commands
- •Basic shell scripts
- •Caution using root access
- •Navigating the GUI interface
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Linux Runlevels
- •init
- •Shutting down Linux
- •Managing Linux Services
- •Configuring Linux Printing
- •lpd daemon
- •/etc/printcap
- •Printing management
- •Using the vi Editor
- •vi operation modes
- •Editing text files
- •Using the
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Disk and File System Management
- •Repairing Partitions
- •System Automation and Scheduling
- •cron
- •Core Dumps
- •Analyzing core dumps
- •GNU Debugger
- •Managing Networking Interfaces
- •Installing System Packages and Patches
- •Compressed archive
- •Debian Package Installer
- •Slackware Package Installation
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Linux Processes
- •Core services versus non-critical services
- •Process administration
- •Process control
- •Monitoring Log Files
- •Maintaining Documentation
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Linux Security
- •Securing the Environment
- •Location
- •Environment
- •System Security
- •System/user files
- •Permissions
- •Log auditing
- •Backups
- •Linux Security Best Practices
- •Network security
- •Firewall
- •System security
- •Securing a Web server
- •Securing an FTP server
- •FTP program version
- •FTP configuration files
- •Process security
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Disaster Recovery Planning
- •Types of data
- •Frequency and Scheduling
- •Storage and media types
- •Recovering data
- •Offsite storage
- •Linux Backup Tools and Commands
- •Third party tools
- •Tape devices
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Identifying the Problem
- •Methodology and Best Practices
- •Troubleshooting Resources
- •Documentation resources
- •Internet resources
- •System Log Files
- •Tools for Log Files
- •Output to another file
- •Locating files
- •Process Configuration and Management
- •Stopping, Starting, and Restarting Processes
- •Configuration Files
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Examining the Startup Process
- •Boot process steps
- •Analyzing Boot Process Errors
- •Common Boot Problems
- •Using System Status Tools
- •File System Check
- •System Resource Commands
- •Using the System Boot Disk
- •Types of boot disks
- •Creating a boot disk
- •Creating a rescue/utility disk
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Common User Problems
- •Login problems
- •File and directory permissions
- •Printing problems
- •Mail problems
- •Software Package Problems
- •Package dependencies
- •Software and version conflicts
- •Backup and Restore Errors
- •Backup hardware
- •Backup software
- •File restore errors
- •Application Failures
- •Log files
- •Process and daemon errors
- •Web server errors
- •Telnet
- •Mail services
- •Basic Networking Troubleshooting
- •Networking connectivity
- •Network hardware problems
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Lab Exercises
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Mainboard Components
- •BIOS
- •System memory
- •System Resources
- •I/O addresses
- •Direct memory access
- •Laptop Considerations
- •PCMCIA
- •Linux Peripheral Configuration
- •Installing and Configuring SCSI Devices
- •SCSI definitions
- •SCSI technologies
- •SCSI cabling and termination
- •SCSI device configuration
- •Linux SCSI devices
- •ATA/IDE Devices
- •IDE drive configuration
- •Linux ATA/IDE Drive configuration
- •Linux Support for Other Devices
- •IEEE 1394 (Firewire)
- •Summary
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •Answers to Chapter Questions
- •Chapter Pre-test
- •Assessment Questions
- •Scenarios
- •What’s on the CD-ROM
- •System Requirements
- •Using the CD with Microsoft Windows
- •Using the CD with Linux
- •Microsoft Windows applications
- •Linux applications
- •Troubleshooting
- •Sample Exam
- •Exam Questions
- •Exam Answers
- •Taking a CompTIA Exam
- •How to register for an exam
- •What to expect at the testing center
- •Your exam results
- •If you don’t receive a passing score
- •About the Linux + Exam
- •Preparing for the Linux+ Exam
- •For More Information
- •Preamble
- •No Warranty
- •Glossary
- •Index
Sample Exam
This eighty-question Linux+ sample exam tests your knowledge on all the Linux+ text objectives, which are fully covered in this book. By using this exam — it is similar to the real
one — you can prepare by identifying any weak areas that you need to review. At the end of the sample exam, you will find the correct answers, along with explanations and the chapter where the topic is covered.
Exam Questions
1.A technician is downloading files for an application for his Red Hat Linux system. What is the proper term for identifying these sets of files?
A.Package
B.Open Source software
C.Linux distribution
D.Freeware
2.What file extension is associated with the Red Hat Package manager?
A. .zip
B. .tar
C. .rpm
D. .deb
3.A technician is implementing a new e-mail server for a customer. Which of the following is the most commonly used protocol for an e-mail server?
A.SNMP
B.SMTP
C.IPX
D.TCP
A PCP E N D I X
602 Appendixes
4.A customer has asked a technician to install a new network card into the workstation that is running Linux. Before installing the new network card, the technician wants to see if the network card is compatible with the operating system. Where can the technician find this information?
A.MAN pages
B.The operating system’s HCL list
C.Documentation provided by the network card vendor
D.The network card vendor’s Web site
5.A customer is having a new Linux workstation built. The customer has told the technician that she wants to install a word processor for her new Linux system that offers a similar version for her Microsoft Windows system.
Which of the following is a word processor that offers versions for both Linux and Microsoft Windows?
A.Microsoft Office
B.Star Office
C.Corel Word Perfect
D.Netscape
6.Which Web browser is not compatible with Linux?
A.Netscape
B.Opera
C.Internet Explorer
D.Konqueror
7.An administrator wants to see what processes are running, so she uses the ps command. When the current running processes are shown, the administrator notices a process that she terminated 5 minutes ago by using the kill conmmand is still running. What command should the administrator use next to terminate this process?
A.Kill-All
B.Kill-9
C.Kill -1
D.Kill –a
Appendix C Sample Exam 603
8.During the boot process, a technician quickly notices a kernel error message on the screen. Unfortunately, the error message didn’t display long enough for the technician to read it all. What log file can the technician use to examine boot-time messages?
A./var/log/dmesg
B./etc/logs
C./dev/dmesg
D./var/dmesg/log
9.A technician wants to view a list of all running processes on the server. Which of the following is the best command to use to show a list of all running processes?
A.ps-t
B.ps-ef
C.ps-r
D.ps-z
10.In what directory is the Inittab file located?
A./dev
B./etc
C./sbin
D./boot
11.A technician is editing the Inittab file so that the system will boot X on startup. What runlevel will the technician assign for the system to boot X on startup?
A.3
B.2
C.5
D.0
12.A technician wants to bring a Linux server to a halt. What command will the technician use?
A.init 2
B.init 4
C.init 1
D.init 0
604 Appendixes
13.What command will shut down a Linux system?
A.Shutdown
B.Logout
C.Unmount
D.Exit
14.A technician has to perform a scheduled shutdown. The technician has informed the users that the shutdown will occur in 15 minutes. What command will the technician use to shut down the server in 15 minutes?
A.shutdown –h 200
B.shutdown 300
C.shutdown - 15
D.shutdown – h 900
15.What command will halt the system?
A.halt
B.shutdown -halt
C.halt now
D.stop -h
16.A technician wants to restart the httpd service. What command will the technician use to restart httpd?
A./etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd restart
B./etc/rc.d/httpd restart
C./etc/init.d/httpd restart
D./etc/rc.d/init.d/restart
17.What file contains information about every printer connected to the Linux system?
A.Pine.conf
B.Printcap
C.Printinto
D.Print.config
Appendix C Sample Exam 605
18.What line printer control command is used to control the operation of the line printer system?
A.flp
B.ccp
C.clp
D.lpc
19.What print command terminates an active spooling daemon on the local host immediately and then disables printing for the specified printers?
A.lpc abort
B.lpc end
C.lpc down
D.lpc quit
20.What print command stops a spooling daemon after the current job completes and disables printing?
A.lpc disable
B.lpc abort
C.lpc stop
D.lpc topg
21.What command allows you to directly see what jobs are currently in a printer queue?
A.lpq
B.lrq
C.lpc
D.flp
22.What line printer command lets you remove print jobs from the printer queue?
A.ipc
B.ipq
C.lprm
D.lrmp
606 Appendixes
23.What text editor comes included with every version of Linux by default?
A.Emacs
B.vi
C.Pico
D.Ledit
24.What command is used for combining a large number of files into one single file for archival to tape?
A.deb
B.zip
C.tba
D.tar
25.A technician starts up a Linux system, but after the system has booted up, the system shuts down. What is the most likely cause of this?
A.In the /etc/inittab, file the runlevel is set to 3
B.In the /etc/inittab, file the runlevel is set to 5
C.In the /etc/inittab, file the runlevel is set to 0
D.In the /etc/inittab, file the runlevel is set to 6
26.Where do all your configurations for your services, programs, and daemons reside by default?
A./dev
B./etc
C./root
D./bin
27.What type of backup tape will only back up files that have changed since the previous backup and clear the archive bit?
A.Full
B.Differential
C.Incremental
D.Daily
Appendix C Sample Exam 607
28.Which of the following is NOT a recognized backup rotation method?
A.Son
B.Grandfather/Father/Son
C.Son/Father
D.Father/Son
29.What option of the tar command will tell tar to create a new archive file?
A.-p
B.-c
C.-f
D.-x
30.What option of the tar command will tell tar to extract files from an archive?
A.-p
B.-c
C.-f
D.-x
31.What type of installations do most modern Linux installations default to?
A.Text
B.GUI
C.Network
D.NFS32
32.A technician is installing a new version of Linux on a workstation. The workstation doesn’t have the proper video requirements to perform a GUI type installation. What other choice does the technician have besides a GUI installation that will be sufficient to install the new version of Linux?
A.Network
B.NFS
C.Text
D.GUI –t
608 Appendixes
33.When performing a Linux installation, what partitioning program is available in most modern Linux distributions?
A.Fdisk
B.Disk Partition
C.Disk Druid
D.Scan Disk
34.What is the purpose of a boot loader?
A.A boot loader is used to load the necessary files for a GUI installation.
B.A boot loader is used to boot the operating system into the intended operating system.
C.A boot loader is used to load packages after the installation is complete.
D.A boot loader is a file in the /root directory that saves all information about the current Linux hardware configuration.
35.What is the first thing a technician should do to a current Linux system before planning to install a second OS for dual-boot configuration?
A.Check the HCL for the new OS to verify that all hardware is supported.
B.Flash the BIOS to recognize the new OS.
C.Back up the current system before installing the second OS.
D.Recompile the Kernel.
36.What is another name for a root user?
A.Administrator
B.Super User
C.Manager
D.Account user
37.What account is usually created first in most modern Linux installations?
A.Manager
B.Account User
C.Guest
D.Root
Appendix C Sample Exam 609
38.What program is most often used to configure a GUI installation?
A.XFree86
B.fdisk
C.Disk Druid
D.linuxconf
39.A technician is going to install Linux on a workstation. The technician wants to customize the installation. What type of installation will the technician use to customize the installation?
A.Server
B.Custom
C.Manual
D.Workstation
40.During a Linux installation, the technician is asked where he would like to install LILO. The technician is installing Linux on a Microsoft Windows 2000 system that already has an NTFS partition. With this configuration, where is the proper place to install LILO for a dual-boot system?
A.First sector of the boot partition
B.Master boot region
C.First sector of the NTFS partition
D.Last sector of the boot partition
41.What command can be used to activate a created swap partition during a text-based installation?
A.mount
B.chmod
C.swapon
D.remadmin
42.A technician is trying to decide a proper location for his new Linux server. Which of the following choices would NOT be a proper location to place the new Linux Server? Choose all that apply.
A.In a locked ventilated room
B.In an unlocked ventilated room
C.In a locked air conditioned closet
D.On a table beside the technician’s desk for quick access
610 Appendixes
43.Which password on a Linux system is the most important password?
A.User password
B.Network password
C.Root password
D.Mail password
44.Where is the password file for Linux located?
A./etc/passwd
B./bin/passwd
C./dev/passwd
D./usr/passwd
45.Which of the following programs can be used to remotely log into a Linux system?
A.Netstat
B.Telnet
C.Ping
D.ifconfig
46.What file contains a list of user names (set by a Linux administrator) that is not allowed to log in to the FTP server?
A.ftpadmin
B.ftppasswd
C.ftpusers
D.ftproot
47.Which of the following commands can be used to schedule recurring tasks?
A.Cron
B.Schedule
C.AT
D.Time
48.In which directory would you find crontab files for particular users?
A./var/log/cron/
B./var/log/cron
C./var/tmp/cron
D./var/spool/cron/
Appendix C Sample Exam 611
49.What program can you use to analyze your program’s core dump files and to debug the application while it is actually running?
A.xconf
B.gdb
C.ulimit
D.cpio
50.What at command option will send mail to the user when the job has completed — even if there was no output?
A.at -m
B.at -v
C.at -f
D.at –c
51.A technician wants to adjust the X Windows system configuration. What file will the technician manually edit to adjust the X Windows system configuration?
A./etc/XF86Config
B./usr/X11R6/bin/XF86Config
C./etc/X11/XF86Config
D./bin/XF86Config
52.A technician wants to set up his Linux system to access the Internet. What protocol will the technician install on the Linux system so the system can access the Internet after configuration?
A.IPX/SPX
B.NetBEUI
C.TCP/IP
D.IPX
53.A technician is verifying the network configuration of a Linux server. Which of the following commands should be used to accomplish this?
A.Config
B.ifconfig
C.ipconfig
D.netstat
612 Appendixes
54.What type of server will a technician set up to be able to automatically assign IP addresses to all the systems that will connect to the server?
A.DHCP server
B.Wins server
C.DNS server
D.Database server
55.A Linux administrator wants to add a new user to the current domain. What command will the administrator use to accomplish this?
A.newuser [username]
B.adduser [username]
C.username [adduser]
D.useradd [username]
56.What command should you use to activate a swap partition?
A.<partition> mkswap/dev/
B.mkswap /dev/<partition>
C./dev/hda5 swap <partition>
D.mkswap/<partition>
57.What option of the mkfs command should you use to check the device for bad blocks before building the file system?
A.-c
B.-V
C.-t
D.-I
58.A technician has just finished installing a new hard drive on a Linux System. What command will the technician use to create a new file system on the new hard drive?
A.linuxconf
B.cfdisk
C.fdisk
D.mkfs
Appendix C Sample Exam 613
59.A technician wants to verify the current active shell. Which command will the technician use?
A.bash
B.env
C.shell
D.ver
60.What command can you use on a Linux system to help you search for a specific file?
A.cat
B.tar
C.locate
D.mkdir
61.What is the first thing that a technician should do at the first sign of a problem?
A.Examine the symptoms
B.Reboot the server
C.Check the link lights on the severs NIC card
D.Type halt at the command prompt
62.What is one source that a technician can quickly refer to for help for a specific command?
A.The previous technician’s documentation
B.The Linux distribution’s Web site
C.The installation media
D.The MAN pages
63.A technician is having problems with main system services, such as DNS or NFS. Where should the technician look first to help determine the problem?
A.MAN Pages
B.Log files
C.Previous technician’s documentation
D.Vendor’s Web site
614 Appendixes
64.What option should you use to send the output of a file to another file?
A.>
B.^
C.$
D.#
65.What is the purpose of the Linux Loader?
A.Responsible for loading the Linux kernel and system into memory
B.Responsible for loading device drivers at boot time
C.Responsible for loading the video drivers at boot time
D.Responsible for trapping errors at boot time
66.During the boot process, an error of LI is displayed on the screen and the system stops loading. What is the cause of the problem?
A.Descriptor table unable to be read
B.Can’t find kernel
C.Indicates a disk error code
D.The LILO process ran successfully
67.What utility is your best choice for repairing your Linux system?
A.fdisk
B.ifconfig
C.cat
D.fsck
68.What is the -t option with fsck command used for?
A.Interactively repair the filesystem
B.Display completion/progress bars for those filesystem’s checkers
C.Specifies the type of filesystem to be checked
D.Don’t show the title on startup
69.What command should you use to display CPU processes?
A.top
B.show
C.grep
D.setserial
Appendix C Sample Exam 615
70.What command can you use to obtain information about your serial port resource usage, such as IRQ and IO addresses?
A.top
B.Mem
C.setconfig
D.setserial
71.What command can a Linux administrator use to add a new user?
A.adduser
B.addprofile
C.addroot
D.addaccess
72.Using the usermod command, what option can a Linux administrator use with this command to unlock a user’s password?
A.-L
B.-U
C.-l
D.-h
73.What command can a Linux administrator use to delete a user from the system?
A.userdel -o
B.deluser
C.adduser -d
D.userdel
74.What command can you use to change from one directory to another?
A.ls
B.cd
C.dir
D.dir -c
616 Appendixes
75.A Linux administrator wants to copy a file from the /bin directory to the /root directory. Which command would the administrator use?
A.copy
B.ls
C.cp
D.mv
76.What command can you use to mount a CD-ROM drive?
A.install
B.attach
C.mount
D.connect
77.A technician wants to monitor connections to a Linux server. Which of the following programs would the technician use?
A.netstat
B.ifconfig
C.ping
D.tracert
78.Which of the following commands can you use to exit a login shell?
A.Shutdown
B.Halt
C.Logout
D.Stop
79.A Linux administrator is having problems connecting to a mail server. What command can he use to test if the mail server is on the network?
A.ping
B.FTP
C.telnet
D.netstat