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You must properly mount the tape, and fast-forward or rewind it to the archive that contains the file that you want to restore.

When you type the restore command, you receive a prompt similar to the following:

restore>

Type ? for a list of commands; the most used commands are add and extract. You can also use cd and ls to find the files that you want. Then use the following command:

restore> add filename

Continue to add all the files that you want to restore, and then use the following command:

restore> extract

This command will then restore the files into your current directory, so before invoking the restore command, you should navigate to the directory where you want to place the recovered files.

Be aware of all the command line tools that can be used for backup and file restoration.

Summary

This chapter details the topic of backing up your Linux system. I also discuss several backup methods, along with their advantages and disadvantages. This chapter explains specific commands that are used to backup and restore files from a command prompt, supported by examples, while an overview of third-party backup applications gave you a look at what high-end programs can accomplish for your backup strategy.

For the exam, remember these key points from this chapter:

Backup Types:

•Full: Full backup of all data

•Incremental: Backs up all files that have changed since last backup

•Differential: Backs up all files that have changed since last full backup

•Archive: Backs up files and removes them from the filesystem

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Backup Methods: Grandfather/Father/Son method is the most popular and most useful tape rotation scheme, utilizing daily, weekly, and monthly tapes to achieve a thorough backup strategy with excellent data retention.

Command Line tools:

•tar

•cpio

•dump

•restore

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STUDY GUIDE

The Study Guide section provides you with the opportunity to test your knowledge about the Linux+ exam objectives that are covered in this chapter. The Assessment Questions provide practice for the real exam, and the Scenarios provide practice with real situations. If you get any questions wrong, use the answers to determine the part of the chapter that you should review before continuing.

Assessment Questions

1.During a recent basement flood, several archive tapes of the system were damaged and ruined. What can be done with these tapes in the future to prevent physical damage?

A.Offsite storage

B.Keeping the tapes in a safe

C.Storing tapes at the administrator’s home

D.Grandfather/Father/Son rotation

2.A Linux FTP server was hacked into over the weekend. Due to the amount of damage, the entire server needs to be restored. How should the administrator restore the original kernel system files?

A.Restore from floppy disk

B.Restore from tape

C.Reinstall the OS

D.Restore from offsite archive

3.What type of backup strategy only backs up files that have changed since the last full backup?

A.Incremental

B.Full

C.Offsite

D.Differential

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4.Approximately how many tapes will be needed to implement the Grandfather/ Father/Son method, when the administrator wants to use five daily tapes a week, four weekly tapes a month, a monthly tape, and a yearly backup?

A.64

B.22

C.8

D.120

5.What type of tape media solution should be used to fully back up a 20GB database every night?

A.Disk

B.Floppy Disk

C.Tape

D.CD-ROM

6.What command should be used to rewind a tape from the command line?

A.mt back 0

B.mt status

C.mt asf

D.mt rewind

7.What is the best backup media solution for an administrator who only wants to backup the /etc directory to save the system configuration files?

A.Floppy Disk

B.Tape

C.Offsite storage

D.tar archive

8.An administrator needs a backup solution that will offer extensive reporting and management features. Which backup solution would be the most useful?

A.dump and restore

B.third party backup software

C.tar archive

D.offsite storage

9.What command can you use to make a tape archive file of a /home directory, and send it to the /dev/tape device?

A.archive /home /dev/tape

B.tar -xvf /dev/tape /home

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C.archive /home

D.tar -cvf /dev/tape /home

10.Which backup strategy backs up all files that have changed since the last backup?

A.Archive

B.Differential

C.Incremental

DFull

11.What command should be used to make a tar archive to a disk file system located in /mnt/backup?

A.tar -cvf /mnt/backup

B.dump /mnt/backup

C.restore -cvf /mnt/backup

D.cpio - /mnt/backup

12.An administrator must restore files from a backup that was performed three months ago using an older third party solution. The administrator is currently using a different type of program for backups. Will the restore work?

A.No, because the administrator should have used tar

B.Yes, the restore will work fine

C.Yes, but the administrator will have to use dump and restore

D.No, the original program will be needed

13.A file is unable to be restored from tape due to several device and media errors. What is most likely the cause?

A.The tape is damaged

B.The tape is not properly mounted by the system

C.The tape needs to be rewound

D.The file is not a tar archive

14.To save disk space, an administrator wants to backup files, and then remove them from the server permanently. What kind of backup operation is this?

A.Full

B.Differential

C.Incremental

D.Archive

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15.What command can you use to back up an entire file system most efficiently?

A.archive

B.dump

C.tar

D.cpio

16.What is the location of important Linux system configuration files that should be backed up on a regular basis?

A./usr/local

B./var/log

C./etc

D./home

17.What type of backup strategy can you use to fully back up a system every night?

A.Incremental

B.Differential

C.Full

D.Archive

18.What command can you use to scan an archive for a particular file (file.txt), and print the output to the screen?

A.grep /dev/tape “file.txt”

B.find file.txt -print | cpio -p /dev/tape

C.dump /dev/tape > file.txt

D.restore -p /dev/tape file.txt

19.What command is the opposite of the dump command and used for file restores?

A.extract

B.cpio

C.archive

D.restore

20.What is the device name of the first SCSI tape drive?

A./dev/nst1

B./dev/st1

C./dev/st0

D./dev/ht0