Unit 8 Grammar: Subjunctive Mood; Asyndetic constructions in Subjunctive Mood;construction it is high time; conjunctions so that, in order to, lest; wish sentences; mixed type of conditionals

Study the following grammar rule.

The Subjunctive Mood (умовний спосіб)
І	Складно-підрядні умовні речення	Умова – реальна, відноситься до теперішнього, минулого та майбутнього часів. Вживається будь-який час, що вимагається за змістом.	If you enter this department, you will not feel sorry. Ring me up if you want to know the news.
II	Складно-підрядні речення умовного способу	Умова – малоймовірна або неймовірна. Відноситься до теперішнього та майбутнього часів. Smb. would do smth, if smb. did /were smth.	He would come if he were free. He would take part in this work if he were not so busy. He could answer the question if you helped him.
ІІІ		Умова – неймовірна. Відноситься до минулого часу. Smb. would have done/ been smth. if smb. had done/ been smth.	They would have passed the exams successfully if they had studied well. He would have come yesterday if he had been free.

Ex. 1. Study the following words and remember them.

Angle ['xngl]; angstrom ['xNstrqm]; attract [q'trxkt]; chaotic [kei'Otik]; collision [kq'li(q)n]; concrete ['kOnkri:t]; confine [kn'fain]; diameter [dai'xmit]; electron [i'lektrqn]; elevation [eli'veiS(q)n]; erratic [i'rxtik]; identical [ai'dentik(q)l]; identify [ai'dentifai]; illuminating [i'lju:mineitiN]; repel [ri'pel]; hypothesis [hai'pOisis]; indivisible [indi'vizqbl]; meson ['mi:zOn]; neutron ['nju:trOn]; onrush ['OnrS]; overwhelming [quvq'welmiN]; perpetual [pq'petSuql]; positron ['pOzitrOn]; precisely [pri'saisli]; proton ['prutOn]; repel [ri'pel]; rust [rst]; slab [slxb]; solubility [sOlju'biliti]; verify ['verifai]

Ex. 2. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.

A: 1. If I lived in London, I wouldn’t have any problems with my English. 2. If people trusted and respected each other, it would make life easier. 3. If I could read people’s thoughts, it would be interesting to know everything beforehand. 4. If I were ill I wouldn’t eat anything. 5. If Mary had bought the dress yesterday, she would have spent all her money. 6. If you had given us a hint, we would have guessed your secret then. 7. It would have been helpful if somebody had met me at the airport and had taken me to the hotel. 8. He says that if he could start his life anew, he wouldn’t change anything. 9. Your houseplants wouldn’t have died if you had watered them regularly. 10. If she didn’t like roses, he wouldn’t give them to her on her birthday.

B: 1. If there were no dust, the air would become supersaturated with water. 2. If air is cooled sufficiently, it can be converted into a liquid. 3. If the liquid air were allowed to evaporate, different components would predominate in the fractions obtained at different temperatures. 4. If the atmosphere continued to be of uniform density, we should find that it is 5 miles deep. 5. Were a quantity of silver chloride placed in a quantity of water, silver and chloride ions would begin to leave the surface. 6. Had water been added to the mixture, more alcohol and acid would have been formed. 7. Had not chemistry made possible the production of fundamental materials, radio and TV would have been unknown.

Ex. 3. Define the type of the following sentences and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Were air a single compound, it would have a definite composition by weight. 2. They could have obtained better results had they taken a stronger acid. 3. Had the mixture been heated, the change of colour would have started sooner. 4. Our chemical industry would not have made great progress had there not been close links between science and industry in our country. 5. Should one gram of ice be melted, 79 calories of heat will be absorbed. 6. The substance might have been identified had we known the properties it possessed. 7. Iron can be obtained from iron rust if it is subjected to the right conditions. 8. A glass of water would become coloured were a drop of ink added to it.

Ex. 4. While translating the following sentences into Ukrainian pay attention to two types of unreal condition.

1. If he were at the laboratory now he would make a practical on inorganic chemistry. 2. If he had been to the lab yesterday he would have made a practical on inorganic chemistry. 3. If he were to accept some theory now he would accept the atomic theory. 4. If he had been to accept some theory he would have accepted the atomic theory. 5. If the theory were presented in a simple manner I should use it in my work. 6. If the theory had been presented in a simple manner I wouldn't have made a mistake.7. The scientists had to verify the hypothesis. If they had had enough knowledge about atoms they would have accepted it as a fact.

Ex. 5. Complete the following sentences.

1. If you had been at home ... . 2. If I were not so busy ... . 3. She wouldn't have done it if ... . 4. What would you answer if ... ? 5. You wouldn't have fallen ill if ... . 6. If he had sent a telegram ... . 7. The watch wouldn't have stopped if ... .8. If it were not raining ... . 9. You would get excellent marks if ... . 10. If I had known everything ... . 11. If it were notso cold ... . 12. I'd have got there long ago if ... . 13. He would study much better if ... . 14. She wouldn't say so if ... .15. If we knew him better ... . 16. The child wouldn't be crying if ... . 17. If you had managed to escape ... .

Ex. 6. Make conditional sentences.

1. The travellers had no camera with them, so they could not take photos of the beautiful scenery. If ... 2. There was no sugar left, so we had to go to the shop late in the evening. If ... 3. This house is very nice and comfortable, but it is not very good for living because it is situated close to a chemical plant and the air around is very bad. If ... 4. He is an excellent specialist, but I cannot ask his advice because I am not acquainted with him. If ... 5. You cannot enjoy this merry evening party because you have a toothache. If ... 6. You know the material well enough, but you are very absent-minded, and that's why you always make many mistakes. If ... 7. You did not ring me up, so I did not know you were in trouble. If ... 8. You left the child alone in the room, so he hurt himself. If ... 9. They spent a year in the tropics, so they got very sun-tanned. If ... 10. It rained heavily, so we got drenched to the skin. If ... 11. Why didn't you watch the cat? It ate all the fish. If ... 12. A huge black cloud appeared from behind the forest, so we had to turn back and hurry home. If ... 13. We shall not go to see them because it is very late. If ... 14. Naturally she was angry, because you were in her way. If ...

Ex. 7. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian paying attention to the word order.

1. Hadyou given me the book before, I should have read it. 2. Had I been told about the conference, I should have been present at it. 3. Had I stayed at thelabyesterday, I would have finished the experiment. 4. Had I met my friend yesterday, I should have asked him to help me. 5. Were I free now, I should begin to work at the new problem. 6. Were I asked to present all the new data it would take a long time. 7. Nothing would have happened, had they not lost their way. 8. Had they studied the problem better they would have got the necessary results.

Ex. 8. Translate the following sentences into English.

А: 1. Я б узяв таксі, але в мене немає із собою грошей. 2. Я б зателефонував йому зараз, якщо б знав номер його телефону. 3. Якщо б ви залишили мені записку, я б зайшов до вас вчора. 4. Ми могли б переконати її, якщо б вона слідувала нашим порадам. 5. Я був би дуже вдячний, якщо б ви могли відкласти нашу зустріч до понеділка. 6. Ви б отримали більше досвіду, якщо б працювали на заводі. 7. На вашому місці я б зв’язався з досвідченими спеціалістами. 8. Ми би не наполягали, якщо б справа не була терміновою. 9. Якщо б ви були більш уважними, ви би не плутали ці імена. 10. Я б вибачився, якщо б почувався неправим.

В: 1. Якщо речовину не можливо розкласти на інші речовини, вона називається елементом. 2. Якщо б газ був безбарвний, ми б не помічали його структури. 3. Ми б отримали кращі результати, якщо б використали інші матеріали. 4. Якщо б речовина перейшла з твердого стану безпосередньо у газовий, ця зміна називалася б сублімацією. 5. Рідина у пробірці змінила би свій колір, якщо б вони підвищили температуру. 6. Вони б виміряли вагу речовини точніше, якщо б використали аналітичні ваги. 7. Якщо б досягнення наших учених не були такими великими, багато складних проблем не було б вирішено.

Ex. 9. Match the following words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1.	onrush	A	насос
2.	vacuum pump	B	зовсім, повністю
3.	complicated	C	розміщений
4.	particles	D	напруга м’язів
5.	imbedded	E	протягом
6.	uniform	F	складний
7.	entirely	G	однорідний
8.	throughout	H	натиск
9.	molten	I	частинки
10	muscular effort	J	розплавлений