Laboratory Rules

1. Concentrate on your own experiment. Do not touch equipment which is not a part of your experiment. Do not move around more than necessary. Do not run.

2. Wear safety glasses. If your hair falls forward, tie it back.

3. Follow directions carefully. Make sure you are using the right amounts of the right chemicals. If you want to do an experiment of your own, check it out with your teacher.

4. Do not taste chemicals. Smell gases cautiously.

5. When heating a chemical in a test tube, be sure you are not pointing the test tube towards yourself or another pupil.

6. Write down your observations as soon as you have made them.

7. Use clean apparatus. Wash up and tidy up after a practical lesson. Put solid waste into the bins, not into the sinks. Let hot objects cool before putting them away.

8. If you have an accident, a burn, a cut or a splash of some chemical, wash with plenty of cold water. Tell your teacher immediately.

Ex. 35. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Чому він не працює? – Він тільки-но обпік руку в лабораторії. 2. Будьте уважними, коли ви працюєте з кислотою. 3. У 1854 році німецький хімік Вільгельм Бунзен винайшов газову горілку, яку ми зараз використовуємо під час експериментів. 4. Періодичний закон став найбільшим досягненням в історії хімії. 5. Не виливайте кислоту у раковину! 6. Що трапилося з твоїм одягом? – Я пролив на нього луг. 7. Порівняйте ваші малюнки з малюнками в підручнику. 8. Найгарячіша частина полум’я знаходиться на його верхівці. 9. Зараз ми помітили, які речовина не змінюються під час нагрівання. 10. Коли ви запланували експеримент, покажіть ваш план лаборанту перед тим, як будете його виконувати.

Ex. 36. Translate the instruction to the usage of Bunsen burner.

Using a Bunsen burner

1. Connect the Bunsen to a gas tap. Close the air hole. Open the gas tap half way to the fully open position. Apply a lighted splint to the top of the chimney.

2. Note the appearance of the flame. Make a drawing.

3. Using tongs, hold a piece of pot in the flame for 1 minute. Observe the deposit which forms on the cold pot.

4. Slowly open the air hole. Notice the change in the amount of heat and light given out, the length and temperature of the flame and the noise. Draw the flame.

5. With the air hole open, repeat (3) with a fresh piece of pot.

6. Hold a piece of soft glass tubing with tongs at the top of the flame inside the blue cone just at the tip of the blue cone.

7. Which is the hottest region of the flame? How can you tell?

8. With the air hole open, turn the gas fully on. Note the appearance and the sound of the flame.

Ex. 37. Fill in the gaps.

To light the Bunsen burner, have the air hole ______ and the gas tap _______ ______. If you leave the burner alight on your bench, you want the flame to be clearly seen because ________. Use the ______ flame, with air hole ______. To heat with the Bunsen burner, use the _______ flame. Have the air hole _______ _______ and the gas tap _____ ______. For very strong heating, use the roaring flame. Have the air hole ______ ______ and the gas ______ ______.

Ex. 38. Test your Grammar.

A

Correct mistakes in the following sentences. Some of them are already correct.

1. The more you study, the smarter you will become.

2. The weather is much more worse today.

3. I know my jokes are bad, but yours are badder.

4. Nick looks elder than his older brother

5. Ann plays piano very well, but Christina plays more well.

6. Flying is much faster than travelling by car.

7. We are going to travel by car. It’s much cheaper.

8. Could you speak more loudly?

9. He drives more slowly than his brother.

10. You should practise more often if you want to improve your language.

11. Einstein is one of the intelligent scientists who ever lived.

12. A train is the uncomfortablest place to sleep in.

13. What we need is a more good job!

14. It’s best picture I’ve ever seen.

15. This meal is much better than as the one I ate yesterday.

B

1. Jim is away on holiday. He … to Spain.
is gone has gone	has been had gone
2. Everything is going well. We … any problems so far.
didn’t have don’t have	hadn’t had haven’t have
3. Mary has lost her passport again. It’s the second time this … .
has happened is happened	happens happened
4. Where’s the book I gave you? What … with it?
have you done did you do	do you do are you doing
5. We are good friends. We … each other for a long time
know knew	had known have known
6. The film was really boring. It was … I’ve ever seen.
most boring film the most boring film	the film more boring the more boring film
7. He … to find the job but he had no luck.
tried hard tried hardly	hardly tried hard tried
8. The more electricity you use, … .
your bill will be higher will be higher your bill	the higher your bill higher your bill
9. Mary’s English is excellent. She speaks … .
perfectly English English perfectly	perfect English English perfect
10. The exam was quite easy – … we expected
more easy that more easy than	easier than easier as