1.2. Possibility
TABLE 2
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PRESENT, FUTURE TIME
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FORM |
EXAMPLE |
TRANSLATION |
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MAY MIGHT + V COULD Perhaps; it's possible that something will happen in the future or perhaps it is true at the moment
In questions we don't use may. Instead we use Can…? Is he likely to? Might he? |
1. She may/might/ could pass her test this time.
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1. Можливо, цього разу вона і складе іспит.
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2.Can he succeed?
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2. Та невже він досягне успіху?
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3. Can it be that he hasn't read the book? |
3. Невже вона не читала цієї книги? | |
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PAST TIME
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MAY + HAVE V3 MIGHT Perhaps something happened in the past.
COULD + HAVE V3 We use this construction to express that something was possible but didn't actually happen. |
1. She looks miserable. She may / might have lost her job.
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1. Вона виглядає нещасною. Можливо, вона втратила роботу.
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2. Don't drive so fast. You could have run over that cat.
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2. Не їдь так швидко. Ти ж міг переїхати ту кішку. | |
1.3. Logical assumption table 3
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PRESENT TIME
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FORM |
EXAMPLE |
TRANSLATION |
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CAN'T (categorical) + V COULDN'T (less categorical) I don't think; it's logically improbable |
1. She can't/couldn't be rich. Her house is too small.
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1. Не може бути, щоб вона була багатою. Її дім занадто малий.
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MUST + V I think, I'm fairly sure, it's logically probable |
2. Her face is red. She must be very angry.
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2. Її обличчя червоне. Очевидно, вона дуже сердита. |
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PAST TIME
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CAN'T (categorical) + HAVE V3 COULDN'T (less categorical) It's impossible that something happened in the past |
1. She can't / couldn't have lost her way. |
1. Не може бути, щоб вона заблукала. |
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MUST + HAVE V3 It's very probable that something happened in the past |
2. She must have missed her train. |
2. Ймовірно, вона спізнилася на потяг. |
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FUTURE TIME
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TO BE LIKELY TO / PROBABLY |
1. She is not likely to come so late. |
1. Неймовірно, щоб вона прийшла так пізно. |
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2. She will probably come tomorrow. |
2. Ймовірно, вона приїде завтра. | |
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REMEMBER
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EXERCISE 7. TRANSLATE.
1. I've been working hard lately. I might pass the exam. 2. You type well. You could be a secretary. 3. She could have explained the mystery. 4. Could he have said it? 5. He may be busy getting ready for the trip. 6. He might not be at home. 7. Sam may have been waiting for Jane for an hour. 8. He might be ill. 9. She can't have come two days ago. 10. She might have met him. 11. He might be doing his lessons now. 12. She could have read your letter. 13. Can it be that she hasn't seen your house? 14. Is he likely to graduate from the university? 15. It can't be true! 16. He can't have said it. 17. She couldn't be telling lies. 18. It must have been raining all the night. 19. He is smoking. He must have failed to finish his work. He can't have finished it! He started doing it ten minutes ago. 20. He will probably leave the room at once.
EXERCISE 8. READ THE FOLLOWING DIALOGUES AND DECIDE WHETHER THE SECOND SPEAKER IS TALKING ABOUT A PRESENT, PAST OR FUTURE SITUATION.
1. 'Is Peter driving a BMW?'