- •Modality in patterns навчальний посібник з граматики (модальність)
- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •У результаті опрацювання посібника студенти мають
- •При підготовці посібника використовувались джерела, подані далі.
- •Modality
- •I. Modal verbs
- •1.1. Ability
- •1.2. Possibility
- •1.3. Logical assumption table 3
- •'Yes, he must have sold his sports car'
- •'He is likely to come later'
- •'He might have forgotten about the meeting!'
- •1.4. Permission
- •1.5. Requests. Offers. Suggestions table 5
- •1.6. Advice. Criticism table 6
- •What should I do?
- •1.7. Obligation. Necessity
- •1.8. Absence of necessity. Prohibition
- •1.9. Set phrases with modal verbs
- •2.1. Ability, possibility, logical assumption
- •2.2. Permission. Requests. Offers. Suggestions
- •2.3. Advice. Criticism
- •2.4. Obligation. Necessity. Absence of necessity. Prohibition
- •2.5. Revision
- •B: What explosion?
- •II. Conditionals and wish-sentences part 1. Grammar theory
- •1.1. Conditionals
- •1.1.1. Real present
- •1.1.2. Unreal present
- •Table 11
- •1.1.3. Unreal past
- •Table 12
- •1.1.4. Mixed conditional sentences
- •A) The condition refers to the past and the consequence refers to the present or future
- •В) The condition refers to no particular time and the consequence refers to the past
- •1.2. Wishes
- •2.1. Conditionals
- •1 2 3 333 4
- •2.2. Wishes
- •The Three Wishes
- •I wish my husband would come home earlier
- •III. The subjunctive
- •1.1. The formulaic subjunctive
- •1.2. The past forms - subjunctive
- •Table 18
- •1.3. The subjunctive in that- clauses
- •Table 21 a
- •Important necessary recommended required urgent
- •Vital advisable requested
- •1.4. The emotional should
- •2.1. The formulaic subjunctive. If only, it's high time
- •2.2. Would rather/sooner, what if/suppose, as if/though
- •It is time it is about time as if as though suppose supposing
- •2.3. The subjunctive in that clauses, emotional should
- •Short forms used in the book
- •The list of irregular verbs
- •Свердлова Ірина Олександрівна
1.4. The emotional should
TABLE 22
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PATTERNS |
EXAMPLES |
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UNNATURAL IT'S STRANGE (THAT) S2 + SHOULD + V (BE Ving) IMPOSSIBLE
The subjunctive is used in that-clauses when we find certain adjectives of emotion in the principal clause. The list of some adjectives is given in table 22 a. This structure is used to refer the situation to the present moment. |
1. It is strange that her son should say swear words. Дивно, що її син лається. 2. It is amazing that our neighbours should be sweeping the porch. Дивно, що наші сусіди метуть під'їзд.
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UNNATURAL IT'S STRANGE (THAT) S2 + SHOULD HAVE V3 IMPOSSIBLE These structures are used to refer the situation to the past.
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3. It is strange that he should not have told the truth. Дивно, що він не сказав правду. 4. Is it possible that he should have passed the exam? Чи це можливо, що б він склав іспит? |
TABLE 22a
amazing annoying curious doubtful impossible odd strange
surprising unbelievable unnatural unusual
EXERCISE 17. PARAPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES REFERRING THEM TO THE PAST.
EXAMPLE: It is doubtful that she should help her classmates – It is doubtful that she should have helped her classmates during the yesterday's test.
It is very odd that she should ask her ex-husband for help.
It is surprising that he should not help his family.
It was quite fortunate that should not want to join the boy.
It was unusual that the barrister should not gather the evidence.
It is quite doubtful that Nancy should tell a lie.
It is rather curious that the boys should want to paint the fence.
It is totally impossible that her father-in-law should refuse assistance.
It is very annoying that she should act this way.
It is very odd that he should bring a friend to the party.
It is quite ridiculous that she should speak of things she does not understand.
EXERCISE 18. USE THE HINTS BELOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN SENTENCES WITH THE ADJECTIVES FROM TABLE 22 a
EXAMPLE: To pass the TOEFL test. It is amazing that this boy should have passed the TOEFL test.
Not to file a complaint with the court.
To refuse to join them in the game.
Not to pay the debt back.
Not to say good-bye.
To behave in such a rude way.
Not to accept the present.
To refuse to go to university.
To punch his brother in the face.
PART II. GRAMMAR PRACTICE
2.1. The formulaic subjunctive. If only, it's high time
EXERCISE 19. TRANSLATE.
1. У разі нужди, ми звернемося до голови. 2. Вона увесь час бреше. Якби ти не був сліпим! 3. Чорт забирай! Вони за тиждень з'їли запаси харчів, яких мало вистачити на місяць. 4. Боже, не дай нам побачити такі хвилини, які ми щойно пережили. 5. Вона вирядилася з голочки та заявила, що піде на дискотеку. 6. А чи ви знаєте, що Петро збирається стати військовим льотчиком, як і його батько? – Боже, благослови його! 7. "Віват король!" – скандував оскаженілий натовп. 8. Щоб не трапилось, а я розповім їй, як все було. 9. Боже, врятуй нашу країну! 10. Вона огидно поводилась із батьками. Достатньо сказати, що вона навіть не викликала швидку допомогу, коли батькові стало зле. 11. Ти врятувала мене. І щоб я без тебе робив! 12. Почувши новину, він стояв як укопаний. 13. Хай у них буде усе гаразд. Вони доклали до цієї справи стільки зусиль. 14. Що як би там не було, а ми виконаємо обіцянку допомогти найбіднішим людям.
EXERCISE 20. MAKE SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN USING THE PROMPTS.
EXAMPLE: To make the bed (John). It is (high) time John made the bed.
To go to school (Frank).
To wash the dishes (our daughter).
To go home (their guests).
To visit a museum (we all).
To have a holiday (Mary's husband).
To see a doctor (our granny).
To master English grammar (students).
To get a salary (her daughter's husband).
To go down (the prices).
To speak to the point (our manager).
EXERCISE 21. PARAPHRASE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING IF ONLY SUBJUNCTIVE FORMS.
EXAMPLE: John does not care for his wife. If only John cared for his wife!
Peter lost his key. If only Peter had not lost his key!
The country's economy is in crisis.
She does not understand what she has done.
It is not sunny any more.
It was raining outside.
Her parents are ill.
Jane had a lot of mistakes in her test.
Michel can not sing.
I do not know her address.
Martha was late for class yesterday.
I was not able to be present at the meeting.