UNIT 10

FULL FREIGHT

VOCABULARY:

I. Read the text.

ТEXT.

Full freight is usually paid on delivery of cargo. However, in many cases part of the freight is paid in the port of loading.

Charter-Party provides for the rate of loading the ship, that is, it stipulates how many tons of cargo should be loaded during a working day. Knowing the rate of loading one can easily calculate how many days will be required for loading. This period of time is called lay days. If loading is not completed during lay days the ship is considered to be on demurrage.

The charterers in this case are to pay to shipowners money for delay in loading. If loading is completed earlier than it was planned by lay time, the shipowners will pay dispatch money to the Charterers. This dispatch is paid at half demurrage rate.

The same considerations apply to discharging the cargo. If the cargo was discharged ahead of the laytime, the carrier will pay to charterers dispatch money. If later, than planned by laytime, the charterers are to pay to the carrier for demurrage.

There may be cases, when damage to or loss of goods or delay in delivery results from causes beyond the carrier's or charterers' control, for example, owing to strike, war or ice conditions. In such case the loss is compensated by the Insurance Company.

The shipowners have a lien upon the cargo. This means that they may detain the cargo until the freight and other charges are paid by Charterers.

Any dispute arising under Charter Party shall be referred to arbitration.

II. Answer the following questions on the above text:

1.When full freight is usually paid?

2.May freight be paid sometimes in the port of loading?

3.What is meant by the term “rate of loading or discharging”?

4.What can this rate help to calculate?

5.What do we call lay days or laytime?

6.In what case is the ship considered to be on demurrage?

7.Who shall pay money for delay in loading?

8.To whom is this money paid?

9.In what case should dispatch money be paid and to whom?

10.At what rate is dispatch money usually paid?

11.Is demurrage or dispatch paid for discharging the cargo?

12.If the cargo was discharged ahead of lay time who should pay dispatch money and to whom?

13.If the cargo was discharged after planned laytime who should pay demurrage and to whom?

14.Who is to compensate for losses sustained by ship or cargo owing to war, strike or ice conditions?

15.In what case may the carrier detain the cargo?

16.To whom are the disputes under charter party referred to?

III. Ask questions using the model.

MODEL: We shall start loading as soon as the cargo has been brought alongside.

When will you start loading?

1.We shall deliver you the cargo as soon as you have paid the freight.

2.The captain will sign Bills of Lading as soon as the cargo has been taken aboard.

3.We shall resume loading as soon as the strike has been over.

4.The ship will proceed to another port as soon as loading has been completed.

IV. Ask questions using the model:

MODEL: The captain asked for cash money to pay expenses. What did the captain ask money for?

1.We used a shore crane to discharge extra-weights.

2.They commenced work at 6 a. m. to complete loading earlier.

3.The dockers brought the barge alongside to start discharging.

4.The ship shifted to another berth to get fresh water.

5.He sent a radiogram to inform about that delay.

V. Ask questions using the model.

MODEL: They loaded the cargo at the rate of 2000 tons a day. At what rate did they load the cargo?

1.The ship discharged her cargo at the rate of 2500 tons a day.

2.Tidal streams run there at the rate of 3 knots.

3.The freight was paid at the current rate of exchange.

4.They calculated freight at the rate of 25 pence per ton.

VI. Additional text.

Charter Party provides for the time of loading and discharging. This time is called laydays or layhours (for tankers) or, in general, laytime. The laytime is calculated on the basis of average rate of loading and discharging. This rate means how many tons of cargo can be loaded or discharged by the ship every working day.

If actual loading is completed later than it was planned by the laytime, the ship is said to be on demurrage.

In this case the charterers shall pay to shipowners for delay in loading. If, on the contrary, actual loading takes less time than it was planned, the

carrier shall pay to Charters dispatch money.

Usually dispatch money is paid at half demurrage rate.

VII. Say it in English:

Как правило, фрахт должен оплачиваться по сдаче груза. Очень часто, однако, часть фрахта оплачивается в порту погрузки. В чартерпартии предусматривается норма погрузки и выгрузки. Эта норма погрузки показывает, сколько тонн груза судно должно погрузить за один рабочий день. На основании этой нормы погрузки рассчитывается так называемое сталийное время. Если фактическая погрузка заканчивается раньше планируемого времени, то перевозчик выплачивает фрахтователям премию за досрочную погрузку. Если фактическая погрузка заканчивается позже планируемого времени, то фрахтователи выплачивают судовладельцам деньги за простой судна. Премиальные деньги обычно оплачиваются в половинном размере от простойных денег. Все споры, возникающие по чартер-партии, передаются на разбор в арбитражную комиссию.