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14. Find English equivalents in the text for the following words:

1 prevent air arriving at nose and mouth by use of a soft object

2 rapid multiplication, reproduction

3 too rapid using up of food, energy, materials, etc

4 existing as a natural and permanent part or quality of

5 factories

6 supersonic transport

7 risky

8 secondary or indirect effect

9 quick, imperfect view

10 enlarged view of sth

11 marked to show what something is, where it is to go, etc

12 exact, free from error

13 not valid, not sound, not well-based

14 of new fashion (generally pejorative)

15 reaching an opinion about a possibility beyond the strict evidence of facts, events

16 research team

17 inconsistent, opposed in character, unable to exist in harmony

18 extreme scarcity of food for a group of people

19 prospering, well and active

20 showing sound judgement and common sense, astute

21 twelfth sign of the Zodiac, Latin for 'Fish'

22 assess, evaluate

23 prominent article in a newspaper or magazine

24 buying and selling of stocks and shares

25 looking forward a long way in the future

26 programme or timetable

27 look closely, as if unable to see well

28 complex and refined

29 instruments

30 statistics of births, deaths, diseases, etc

31 range of action or observation

32 person who predicts the future

33 unsystematic, unplanned

34 prevent from happening

35 far away

36 a place of temporary suffering, after death, in the Christian faith

37 trap, unsuspected snare or danger

38 firmly established, of a plant

39 support

15. Read and translate Text 4: democracy vs. The atom technological euphoria

Formerly, rulers were blamed by their subjects for endless wars, ex­ploitation and cruelty. But the rulers of today's industrial democracies are suspected of sins no less grave: levity, irresponsibility, even reck­lessness. They have, their subjects fear, fallen prey to technological euphoria. Parliaments either do not decide these matters or do not know what they are talking about; posterity, to whom we will be­queath the poisonous, carcino­genic, perhaps mutagenic gar­bage of our nuclear civilization, is not represented in the councils of state; the level of acceptable risk is decided for our societies by techno­cratic fiat rather than by decisions democratically arrived at. Admittedly, the nuclear issue is complex. At a recent international conference, this baffling com­plexity led to the somewhat helpless summary: 'For every expert who says mankind cannot live with nu­clear energy, there is at least one more who says mankind cannot live without it.' Primordial fears of the atom, a democratic horror of inscrutable decision making pro­cesses and, perhaps, the lure of yet another cause worth demon­strating, protesting and fighting about - these make up a potent mixture. And the whole issue un­deniably poses a serious challenge to democracy. How do we define tech­nological problems in a democratic system? How do we clear up mis­understandings, disperse doubts, handle the manifestations of objec­tors? How can we harness the planners and make them respons­ible, or at least responsive, to the people? These questions must be answered lest democracy be tram­pled underfoot as technology marches on. (Newsweek)

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