9. Read the text carefully. Match sentences a-g with gaps 1-6. There is one sentence that you do not need:

A Within that, there is more of an awareness, especially from the people who lived through the Second World War.

В For this reason, consumers are reluctant to alter their shopping habits, in spite of the evidence.

С Freeze leftovers so that they can be eaten at a later date.

D These are members of the public who aim to share their practical hints and tips to help avoid food waste.

E It offers tips, hints and simple recipes which enable people to make the most of the food they buy and prepare.

F Most is dumped in landfill, where it gives off greenhouse gases.

G Think about the meals for the week and check cupboards: before going shopping.

10. Look through the text, ignoring the gaps. What is the main objective of the swag campaign?

A To encourage people to cook in more imaginative ways,

B To encourage people to spend less money fn supermarkets.

C To encourage people to put less of the food they buy in the bin.

D To encourage people to recycle more of their household rubbish.

11. Match the two halves of these expressions from the text:

1. to launch a the environment

2. to have an impact on b 20% of the total

3. to come up with c an idea

4. to make d a campaign

5. to make up e improvements

12. Choose the correct preposition in these sentences.

1. Is the government to blame of / for the amount of traffic on our roads?

2. She wasn't impressed by / of my efforts to lead a greener lifestyle.

3. At university, I specialised at / in Environmental Studies.

4. The Soil Association is committed in / to promoting organic food in the UK.

1. I beckoned for / to the waiter, but he ignored me.

5. The government does not allow journalists to have access in / to their plans for nuclear power.

6. She found it hard to cope for / with three young children while her husband was out at work.

7. The UK's annual C0₂ emissions from aviation are about 37 million tonnes, which amounts in / to 7% of its total emissions.

8. We should deal at / with the problem of climate change before it gets out of hand.

13. Read and translate Text 3: what’s the earth coming to?

Is there any future in futurism?

Biologist Paul Ehrlich (The Population Bomb) tours campuses warning of a planet smothered by proliferation and overconsumption; Barry Commoner's new volume, The Poverty of Power, sees capitalism as an irresponsible, even destructive force in global affairs. Nuclear physicists describe the radia­tion catastrophes inherent in nuclear power plants; meteorologists calcu­late the insults to the ozone present in every flight of the SST; biochemists estimate the brain cells destroyed with every martini. Even the Pill, once announced as the answer to population control, now appears to have hazar­dous side effects.

Such perceptions may be glimpses of tomorrow, or they may be magnifi­cations1 of the present - shadows thrown upon a screen labeled AD 2000. They may be accurate, or they may be as invalid as the predictions of almost a century ago that saw city dwellers transported everywhere by that new-fangled invention, the bal­loon. Forecasters have a habit of extrapolating from their surround­ings: the scientist from the laboratory, the statistician from his calculator, the administrator from his think tank.

Such predictions rise, in Lewis Mum-ford's phrase, from a mind 'operating with its own conceptual apparatus, in its own restrictive field ... determined to make the world over in its own over­simplified terms, willfully rejecting in­terests and values incompatible with its own assumptions'.

Does this mean that prediction has no future? Hardly. In an epoch of uncertainties, the hunger for prediction is rising to the famine level. Never before has specu­lative fiction been so popular. Thirty-five science-fiction books were pub­lished in 1945; in 1975,900 such books were published. Even the pseudo sci­ences are flourishing. Shrewdly un-specific astrological charts can be found in most major newspapers (PISCES: Do your work despite passing moments of stress). The Na­tional Enquirer's annual contest to gauge readers' psychic ability is among the weekly's most popular features In fact, it has become im­possible to lead a modern life without some form of prophecy. Every stock market letter, every long-range weather report and baseball schedule is a prediction; every garden and every child is an expressed belief in the future. As Toffler observes, 'Under conditions of high-speed change, a democracy without the ability to anti­cipate condemns itself to death.'

But just how much can it anticipate? How deeply into the future can it peer? Unhappily, not very far at all. No matter how sophisticated the devices or demographics, certain events and event makers will always lie outside the scope of seers. The maniac, the genius, the random event are unpredictable, yet they have formed much of this century's history. There is no reason to suspect that they may not form the history of the next.

Futurists can help to forestall these troubles. Or they can press for changes in some remote purgatory or Eden. Examining Herman Kahn's thesis, Adam Yarmolinsky. University of Massachusetts professor, asks a series of rhetorical questions: 'How do we

get from here to there? What is the best mind set to move us in that direction? Are we more likely to succeed if we keep oar eyes firmly on the target cen­turies away? Or ought we to be more concerned about pitfalls, obstacles, difficulties we seem to be encountering in the immediate future?'

All responsible seers know the an­swers. The future of futurism lies rooted in the current human condi­tion - the saving of cities, the admin­istration of foreign policy, the fore­stalling of war and famine and natural catastrophe. Given decent underpin­nings, tomorrow may yet take care of itself. What Novelist Antoine de Saint-Exupery wrote three decades ago must remain the moral force behind all truly prophetic workers: 'As for the future, your task is not to foresee, but to enable it.'

Stefan Kanfer, Time