11. Answer the questions:

1. What three aspects of development does urban planning deal with?

2. What problems do many cities face?

3. What was the main cause of the increase in Curitiba's population before the 1940s?

4. In what ways was Agache's approach different?

5. What happened to Agache's plan?

6. What did the Curitiba Master Plan do?

7. What was new about the approach to planning in the 1980s?

8. What is new about the approach to planning now?

9. What is the writer's opinion of the Curitiba experience of urban planning?

12. Read the text and decide which answer (а, в, с or d) best fits each space:

Reports that the government is about to (1) …… the go ahead to plans for the building of a new runway at London's Gatwick airport have angered local (2) …… and raised fears of increased noise and exhaust pollution. The (3) …… plans also include permission for additional night flights and will (4) …… the compulsory purchase of farmland, (5) …… the demolition of a number of private homes. According to sources close to the Ministry of Transport, the government is known to be concerned by the increasing (6) …… of traffic at London Heathrow, where there are no plans for further runways in the foreseeable (7) ……. . Gatwick is widely (8) ………..as a better (9) ……… for expansion than London's third airport, Stansted, which still (10) …… from poor transport links. A spokesperson for the Keep Gatwick Quiet association, (11) ……up of local people, accused the government of (12) …… back on promises made before the General Election. 'We were told then that the airport authority had no (13) …… of building another runway, and we believe that the government has a duty to (14) …… its pledges.' Prominent figures in the government are also believed to be concerned at the news, although the Prime Minister, interviewed last night, is (15) …… as saying that reports were 'misleading'. However, he would not give an assurance that plans for building a runway had definitely been rejected.

1. A sign В make С give D approve

2. A inhabitants В dwellers С occupants D residents

3. A controversial В debatable С notorious D doubtful

4. A involve В concern С assume D need

5. A further to В as well as С moreover D what's more

6. A sum В size С volume D length

7. A years В period С time D future

8. A regarded В believed С felt D held

9. A potential В outlook С prospect D likelihood

10. A affects В undergoes С experiences D suffers

11. A made В set С brought D taken

12. A getting В falling С going D turning

13. A desire В intention С wish D objective

14. A bear out В count on С pull off D stand by

15. A quoted В known С thought D written

13. Integrated task: An international trade fair

Three cities are competing to be the venue for an international trade fair to be held next summer. You are planning to write an article for a national magazine to persuade the readers that one of the cities, Urbania, is the best choice. Organize the information about Urbania into categories: transportation, location, facilities, weather, trade and industry.

Urbania

1. an international airport 20km away

2. a good network of roads to other parts of the country

3. several top-quality restaurants

4. doesn't usually rain in the summer

5. only 30 minutes away from capital city

6. average summer temperature is 24°C

7. a 20-hectare site ready for re-development

8. a mountain range about 5km away

9. hotel accommodation for 20,000 visitors

10. the centre for gold marketing and jewellery making

11. an excellent public transport system

12. a world famous computer manufacturer based in the city

13. only 10km from two international borders

14. a very low level of air pollution because of coastal winds

15. many private cars

16. snows heavily in the winter

17. famous for its boat-building industry

18. lots of shops

19. on the coast

20. a university

Look at categories. In your opinion, which two are the most important, and why? Compare your answers with a partner.

Link the information and write a short paragraph for each category:

Visitors can get to Urbania very easily because the international airport is only 20 kilometres away. When they are in the city, they can travel around quickly as there is an excellent public transport system, furthermore, visitors can get to other parts of the country because Urbania has : a good network of roads.

Read the introduction to an article about Urbania. Add your own paragraphs from the previous task. Link each paragraph to the next.

Why Urbania should hold the international trade fair

This article will demonstrate that Urbania is the best choice to hold the trade fair. It has excellent transport, is in a perfect location, and has first-class facilities. It also has important businesses and industries.

Writing a persuasive article

Work with a partner. In five minutes, brainstorm information about your city. Organize the information into categories: transportation, location, facilities, weather, trade and industry.

Your city would like to hold one of the events below. Decide which information from exercise 7 is relevant for this event.

1. an international sporting event

2. an international conference on university education

3. a national marathon

4. a national cultural event

Write an article (200-250 words) for a magazine, saying why your city should hold this event.