Чучкина Инноватион течнологиес 2011
.pdfщее слово; не точный синоним; успешно реализует; которые упрощают действие,
3. Now answer the following questions on Reading 3A.
1.What is innovation?
2.What does a change mean in economics?
3.What’s the difference between incremental and radical innova-
tion?
4.What key challenges are we facing now?
5.What’s invention?
6.What is the difference between invention and innovation?
7.What’s the difference between change, creativity and innovation, if any?
IV. Class Exercises
1. Fill in the blanks with the proper words from the text.
1.The succession of many innovations enable the whole economy
_________. 2. The unspoken goal of innovation is to _______ a problem. 3. ________ is also considered to be a major driver of the economy. 4. Innovation is now an essential ________ of any kind of system that has an ________ on education. 5. ________ is the first occurrence of an idea for a new product or process. 6. ________ is the first attempt to carry it out into practice.
2.Match the sentence halves.
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Innovation occurs |
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a. that invention is often confused |
2. |
Innovation applies |
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with innovation. |
3. |
Recent authors point out |
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b. that do. |
4. |
Organisations that do not in- |
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c. whether the act generates posi- |
novate effectively may be de- |
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tive or negative results. |
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stroyed by those |
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d. process and product innovation. |
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5. |
A key challenge in innovation |
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e. when someone uses an invention |
is maintaining a balance between |
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3. Fill in the blanks using active words from Reading 3A. |
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What is innovation management
Innovation management emerged as a discipline in 1890s with Edison's innovation factory. Edison changed the image of the sole
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_______ by converting innovation to a process with recognised |
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_____ practiced by a team of 3. ________ working together – laying |
the basic design of the R&D department (НИОКР). These steps are streamlined to the major extent in all industries and 4. ______ all steps from idea generation to market and launch. Innovation 5. _____ is thus corresponds to the development of new 6. ______, processes and 7. ______. In cases where the organization does not make or offer products (goods or services), 8. _______ lies in improving the way jobs are done 9. ______ the organisation's mission (i.e. process innovation).
4.Translate into English.
Инновации – непрерывный, целенаправленный и управляемый процесс предпринимательской деятельности, связанный с переносом последних достижений науки, техники и технологий в бизнессреду, в производство продукции, в процесс оказания услуг, в расчете на повышение их потребительских свойств и, в конечном итоге, на коммерческий успех.
V. Reading 3B
Sources of Innovation
1. Before reading the following passage name the sources of innovations.
Upon reading the text check your answer.
There are several sources of innovation. In the linear model the traditionally recognized source is manufacturer innovation. *This is where an agent (person or business) innovates in order to sell the innovation. Another source of innovation, only now becoming widely recognized, is *end-user innovation. This is where an agent (person or company) develops an innovation for their own (personal or *in-house) use because existing products do not *meet their needs. Eric von Hippel has identified end-user innovation as, * by far, the most important and critical in his classic book on the subject.
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Innovation by business is achieved in many ways, with much attention now given to formal research and development for “*breakthrough innovations.” But innovations may be developed by less formal *on-the- job modifications of practice, through exchange and combination of professional experience and by many other routes. The more radical and revolutionary innovations tend to emerge from *R & D , while more incremental innovations may emerge from practice – but there are many exceptions to each of these trends.
*Regarding user innovation, rarely user innovators may become *entrepreneurs, selling their product, or more often they may choose to trade their innovation in exchange for other innovations. Nowadays, they may also choose to freely reveal their innovations, using methods like open source. In such networks of innovation the creativity of the users or communities of users can further develop technologies and their use.
*Whether innovation is mainly supply-pushed (based on new technological possibilities) or demand-led (based on social needs and market requirements) has been a hotly debated topic. Similarly, what exactly drives innovation in organizations and economies remains an open question.
2. Translate the words and word combinations marked with a star.
VI. Business Vocabulary in Use
1.Innovation and Invention
1.Read and study the following words and expressions. a. Research and technology
Hi, I’m Ray and I’m head of product development at Lightning Technologies. Lightning makes semiconductor, the components at the heart of every computer. I’m in charge of research and development (R&D = НИОКР) at our research centre just outside Boston. Our laboratories are some of the most innovative in the computer industry, and we have made many new discoveries and breakthroughs.
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I love technology, using scientific knowledge for practical purposes. The technology of semiconductors is fascinating. We are at the cutting edge or leading edge of semiconductor technology: none of our competitors has better products than us. Everything we do is state-of-the- art, using the most advanced techniques available.
Of course, the hi-tech products of tomorrow. Products that are no longer up-to-date because they use old technology are obsolete. It’s my job to make sure that Lightning’s products never get into that situation.
B. Patents and intellectual property
Information or knowledge that belongs to an individual or company is proprietary. A product developed using such information may be protected in law by patents so that others cannot copy its design.
Other companies may pay to use the design under licence in their own products. These payments are royalties.
In publishing, if a text, picture, etc. is copyright, it cannot be used by others without permission.
Payments to the author from the publisher are royalties.
The area of law relating to patents and copyright is intellectual property.
C. Innovation and invention
2. Study the table and add other parts of speech in the appropriate colomn, if any.
Countable = if you can say a/an; uncountable = you can’t say a/an
Verb |
Noun: concept |
Noun: thing |
Noun: |
Adjective |
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(Uncountable) |
(countable) |
(person) |
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design: to |
design |
a design |
a designer |
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make plans |
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or drawing |
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for how |
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something |
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is to be |
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made. |
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develop: to |
__________ |
a develop- |
a |
developed |
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make a new |
- change, |
ment |
_________ |
(a developed |
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idea suc- |
growth or im- |
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country/economy) |
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cessful, for |
provement |
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example by |
over a period |
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developing |
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making or |
of time |
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(countries) |
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improving |
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a product |
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innovate: |
innovation |
an |
an |
____________ |
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to think of |
a new idea, |
innovation |
_________ |
[i'novətiv] |
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new ideas, |
method, piece |
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an____ film di- |
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methods, |
of equipment, |
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rector, an ____ |
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products, |
etc. the latest |
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approach, de- |
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etc. |
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technological |
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signes full of |
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innovations |
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______. |
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and their use. |
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invent: to |
__________ |
an invention |
an |
inventive - |
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design and |
the ability to |
- a machine, |
________ |
- good at thinking |
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make |
think of few |
tool or sys- |
someone |
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something |
and original |
tem that |
who has |
of new and origi- |
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for the first |
ways of doing |
someone has |
invented sth |
nal ideas or me- |
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time |
things |
made, de- |
or whose job |
thods |
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signed for |
is to invent |
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the first time. |
things |
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technology- |
a |
a |
____________ |
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the practical or |
technology |
________ |
relating or involv- |
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industrial use |
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someone |
ing technology |
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of scientific |
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whose job |
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discoveries |
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involves |
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using and |
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developing |
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technology |
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3. Match the expressions (1−6) from C page 24 with their meaning |
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1. |
copyright infringement |
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a) a payment to the owner of a design, or to |
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2. |
intellectual property |
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an author |
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3. |
patent application |
b) an arrangement between the owner of a |
4. |
proprietary information |
design and someone else, allowing them to |
5. |
royal payment |
use the design for money |
6. |
licensing agreement |
c) when someone uses author’s text, pictures, |
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etc. without permission |
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d) when an inventor asks the authorities to |
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officially recognize an invention as his/her |
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property |
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e) designs, ideas, etc. that belong to someone |
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f) something that some one has created and |
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that no one else is legally allowed to make, |
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copy or sell. |
4. Match the words to the definitions below.
1. |
Invention |
a. an approach which is new, original and advanced |
2. |
Innovation |
b. a new idea, the method, piece of equipment marked |
3. |
Innovative |
with creativity |
4. |
Inventor |
c. someone who has invented something |
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d. a machine, tool or system that someone has made, |
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drsigned or thought of for the first time |
5. Give the summary of text A and B in 5 sentences using as many new words as possible.
VII. Home Exercises (to be done in writing)
1. Translate the following sentences into Russian paying attention to
The Complex Object.
1.We define innovation to be the successful implementation of creative ideas within an organization.
2.I want you to explain this rule to me again.
3.We heard The Business and Administration Training be a very good course for adults.
4.The teacher of physics made me solve lots of problems before the exam.
5.Scientists think globalization to have affected marketing strategies in many ways.
6.They caused us to understand that Coca-Cola in Indonesia tastes a lot different from Coke in the UK.
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2. Translate the following passage into English.
Роли инноваций как ключевого фактора для будущего ядерной энергетики была посвящена Международная конференция МАГАТЭ по инновационным технологиям для ядерных топливных циклов и ядерной энергетики, проходившая в Вене в июне 2003 г. Однако в области ядерной энергетики между развивающимся и развитым миром существует глубокий конфликт. На сессии была принята резолюция, в которой подчеркивалась необходимость международного сотрудничества и разработки инновационной ядерной технологии. Отмечалось, что необходимо объединять усилия с другими международными инициативами в разработке инновационной ядерной технологии.
VIII. Brain Benders
THIS is one more problem.
All Eyes on Deck
In a standard deck of cards the Jack of hearts, the Jack of spades, and the king of diamonds are displayed in profile showing only one eye. All the other faces show two eyes each. In a standard deck not counting the jokers, how many eyes are there in total?
Unit 4
I. Grammar Review: The Participle
Причастие. Функции причастия в предложении и способы передачи его значения на русский язык.
1. Определение
0 |
1 |
Participle |
2 |
3 |
4 |
Adv. |
Subject |
Attribute |
Predicate |
Object |
Adv. |
Modif. |
Под- |
Опре- |
Сказуемое |
Дополне- |
Modif. |
Обстоят. |
лежащее |
деление |
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ние |
Обстоят. |
1. The device using such diodes is quite new.
Прибор, использующий такие диоды, совершенно новый.
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The being used…
device используемый прибор/
который используется… is quite new. used…
использованный/ который использовали…
2. Обстоятельство (0 или 4 место в предложении)
When/while/if using the device
Используя / при использовании…
Having used the device ….
Использовав / после использования…
…we obtained the results required.
3.Обстоятельство (0 и 4 место в предложении)
When tested … Having been tested … Being tested …
Когда прибор проверяли… После того, как … Т. к. прибор … Будучи проверен…
Еcли прибор …
… the device showed good characteristics.
Mind: concerned – данный, рассматриваемый, о котором идет речь.
involved
The problem concerned is of great significance.
1.Translate the sentences from English into Russian paying attention to the Participle in different functions.
1.Modern personal computers often have high speed connections to the Internet, allowing access to the World Wide Web.
2.Early personal computers generally called microcomputers were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians.
3.Workstations concerned are characterized by high-performance processors and graphics displays.
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4.Hardware capabilities of personal computers can sometimes be extended by the addition of expansion cards connected via an expansion bus.
5.The software industry provides a wide range of new products for use in personal computers, targeted at both the expert and the non-expert user.
6.Following the method involved we found it to be effective.
II. Laboratory Work N 4
1. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1.The process discussed above presents some difficulty.
2.A train starting from a station has a variable velocity.
3.Travelling through the graphite the slow neutrons lose speed.
4.Having been tested the substance was found to be a good conduc-
tor.
5.Having completed a series of experiments they published the results in a scientific journal.
6.The approach involved is to be followed by our research team.
7.Being provided with new equipment we started the investigation.
8.While burning different substances combine with oxygen.
2. Translate the sentences into English using the Participle.
1.Данная величина в этом случае равняется нулю.
2.Объясняя новое явление, профессор написал на доске несколько формул.
3.Изучив данный прибор, мы применили его в работе.
4.Создаваемая в настоящее время установка необходима для нашей работы.
5.После того, как им дали необходимые инструкции, они приступили к работе.
6.Будучи нагретым магнит теряет некоторые свойства.
3. Word-building. Translate the words into Russian paying attention to different suffixes..
-y (n.): capability, productivity, opportunity, memory.
-al (adj.): original, individual, external, personal, local, commercial, technical, typical.
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- ly (adv.): interactively, generally, easily, greatly, personally, directly, originally, formerly, usually, efficiently.
- tion (n.): connection, introduction, proliferation, application, computation, calculation, workstation.
4. Words to learn. Pay attention to the active vocabulary of Reading 4A.
1.Process (v., n.) − ['prousə s] − процесс; обрабатывать 'processing – обработка – data processing – обработка данных processor – ['prousesə] − процессор
micro'processor – микропроцессор
micro'processing – микрообработка ( laser-beam processing)
2.active – активный, действенный activity – деятельность
interactivity − интерактивность, согласованность inactive – бездействующий
3.access – [' æ ksəs] − доступ accessi'bility − доступность
4.application – применение, использование, приложение ap'ply – применять, использовать
'applicable – применимый, подходящий,пригодный applied − прикладной, приложенный
5.storage – память вычислительной машины
store − (n) − запоминающее устройство, накопитель
(v)− хранить, сохранять
7.install – устанавливать, монтировать, собирать
installation − установка installed – установленный
5. Practise the pronunciation of the following words from Reading 4A .
directly [di'rektli], intervening [,intə'vi:niŋ], microprocessor ['maikrou’prousesə], processing ['prousesiŋ], spreadsheet ['spred∫i:t], myriad ['miriəd], dial ['daiəl], allow [ə'lau], access ['ækses], WWW = World Wide Web ['dΛblju: 'dΛblju: 'dΛblju:], distinguish [di'stiŋgwi∫], characteristic [,kæriktər'istik], efficiently [i'fi∫əntli], commercial [kə'mə:∫əl], circuitry ['sə:kitri], proliferation [prəlifə'rei∫n], hobbyist
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