Чучкина Инноватион течнологиес 2011
.pdfEx. 3. p. 31. Per Cent
1. A thirty percent of two hundred (and) sixty. 2. a half of one percent. 3. three-quarters of a percentage point.
P. 33. Crossing lines
There are five squares in all. Many people forget to include the perimeter square, which houses the four internal squares.
Ex. 2 p. 34 Carbon Emission
The first reason resulted from a firm position Europe had undertaken making efforts at the global level directed at limiting the emission of greenhouse gases and decreasing the risk of climate change.
Atomic power plants practically do not produce greenhouse gases. In complete production cycle of electricity with the use of atomic power, beginning with mining of uranium and finishing with waste disposal, including the construction of the reactor and the whole installtion, 2−6 gramms of carbon is emitted per 1 kilowatt/hour. This quantity is close to the values corresponding to sun and wind power and is by two orders of magnitude lower than for coal, oil and even natural gas.
Unit 3
Ex. 4. p. 36
a pseudonym – a name that someone uses that is not their real name;
archrival – the main person or company that you compete with = enemy
maladministration – bad or dishpsest management outsize clothes – much larger than usual
malnutrition – medical condition in which you are weak or ill because you do not eat enough of the right food
pseudo-religious – not really religious
an arch-villian ['vilən] – bad character in a story (a good one is athe hero and heroine) – главный отрицательный герой
to outstay one's welcome – to stay at a place for longer than people want
Class exercises Ex. 1. p. 41
1. to grow; 2. to solve; 3. innovation; 4. component, impact; 5. invention; 6. innovation.
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Ex. 2. p. 41: 1−e, 2−c, 3−a, 4−c, 5−d. Ex. 3. p. 41
1. inventor; 2. steps; 3. inventors; 4. include; 5. management;
6.products; 7. services; 8. innovation; 9. to meet. Ex. 2. P.44. VI. Business Voc. in Use
1.development, developer; 2. innovator, innovative; 3. invention, inventor; 4. technologist, technological.
Ex. 3. p. 45. Keys: 1c, 2f. 3d, 4e, 5a, 6b.
Ex. 4. p. 46. 1−d, 2−b, 3–a, 4–c. Home Exercises.
Ex. 2. p. 47.
IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency − Международное Агентство по Атомной Энергии) International conference on innovation technologies for nuclear fuel cycles and nuclear power, held in Vienna in July 2003, was devoted to the role of innovations as a key factor for the future of nuclear power. However in the field of nuclear power there is a deep conflict between developing and developed world. The resolution was adopted at the session in which the need in international cooperation and development of innovative nuclear technology was highlighted. It was noted that it is necessary to combine the efforts with the other international initiatives in developing innovative nuclear technology.
P. 47. All Eyes on Deck
42 eyes. If you answered 21, you forget that each card has 2 faces.
Unit 4
Class Exercises
Ex. 1. p. 48
1.desktop; 2. home computer, office; 3. laptop; 4. components;
5.tablet, mouse; 6. microcomputers
Ex. 3. p. 54. Personal Computer.
Personal computer is a computer which is used by one user as compared with a large computer which is shared by a great number of users. The difference is almost the same as in driving one's own car and going by bus, driven by a bus driver. Some times ago terms "personal computer" and " home computer" were synonyms. Later the term "personal computer" shifted to machines that are used in the field of business. In compiling this dictionary the term "home computer" is used mainly in
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relation to machines which are assigned to games, but "personal computer" is a computer which has one serious application though it can be used for entertainment as well.
Text 4B. p. 56.
The words to be inserted:
Ex. 1: 1. desktop ,desktop, desktop; 2. laptop, laptop, laptop, laptop Ex. 2. p. 57.
a−4, b–6; c–1; d–7; e–3; f–2; g–5 Brain Benders:
p. 58. ENGINEERS INVESTIGATING MYSTERIOUS SQUEAK IN A HOME COMPUTER FOUND A FAMILY OF FIELD MICE LIVING INSIDE. "IT'S AMAZING", SAID PHILL WAINE WHO RUNS THE COMPUTER CENTER IN PETEBOROUGH, "THE THREE MICE WERE HAPPILY RUNNING AROUND, EVEN WHILE THE COMPUTER WAS WORKING."
Home exercises. Ex. 2. Motherboard.
It is the main part for computer scheme. Most computers with the exception of the cheatest "home" ones use the principle of a motherboard. It means that the main part of microschemes sits on one board to which with the help of slots auxiliary ones are connected. With the help of connection of additional boards the capabilities of a computer can be greatly expanded, because this way supplementary memory, additional interfaces to peripheral devices, communication devices etc. can be connected.
Unit 5
Class Exercises.
Ex. 1. p. 63: 1−c, 2–f, 3–b, 4–e, 5–d, 6–a, 7–g.
Ex. 2. p. 64: 1. to communicate; 2. computers; 3. internet; 4. internet access; 5. strategies, account for; 6. linked by, interconnected.
Ex. 2 p. 66:
Keys: a−10, b−12, c−13, d−9, e−17, f−6, g−4, h−1, i−11, j−15, k−14, l−8, m−7, n−5, o−16, p−3, q−2.
4. Home exercises Ex. 2 p. 67
How will the internet look in five years’ time? According to Sir Tim Berners-Lee, the man, credited with inventing the world wide web, it
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will be rather different to the cyberspace of today. He envisages an internet in which all information, applications and data are seamlessly linked and interwoven – everything will work with everythying else and that will, in effect, allow us to live our lives almost entirely online. Technology experts call this the “semantic web”. The semantic web will focus on the meaning of data on a page.
Fix it. p. 68.
545 + 5 = 550
Unit 6
Ex. 4. p. 70.
bicentenary – 200-летие, − 200-летний pentagon – пятиугольник, Пентагон tricolor – трехцветный
monotonous – одно (моно) тонный sexagenarian – 60 –летний
bisect – делить пополам − bisectrix or bisector – биссектриса cent – 1/100 единицы
biplane – биплан bicameral – двухпалатный
unicycle – уни (одно)циклический quadruplet − четверня – 4 близнеца unicorn – единорог.
Ex. 7. p. 71. Track 28 from Innovations Intermediate Unit 9
a)1. [bil dot macdonald that's em-ei-si: di: ou en ei el di: et ei em ei ci: dot kom]
2. [dΛblju: dΛblju: dΛblju: dot sokə net dot kom]
3. [taigə lili sevnti:n Λndə sko: ou eit et wauzə dot kom ðæts dΛblju: ou dΛblju: es i: a: ]
4. [pi:t Λ ndə sko: smiθ et ∫otmeil dot kom]
5. [riou et es bi: fo: haifen sou haifen net dot en i: dot d3ei pi:]
6. [dΛblju: dΛblju: dΛblju: dot intesΛmθin that's something without the g dot kom forward slæsh bΛrekju:də]
b)listen and write down the address you hear:
1. 'lemongrass2272@shotmail.com [lemongrass –that's all one word,
дальше все по одной букве]
2. nsgo7891@shotmail.com [все по одной букве]
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3.www.jazzman/CDs.co.uk [jazzman all one word,forward slash capital C capital D small es dot co dot uk]
4.dellerh@wmin.ac.uk [deller et all one word that's дальше все по одной букве]
Ex. 2. p. 76. Answers: 1. Accessing web pages is easy and simple, and people with almost no experience use the web. 2. The browser contacts the right server to transmit the document. 3. Until the appearance of the World Wide Web (WWW) the Internet was mainly used by people who had some computer expertise.
Ex. 3. p. 76. Prepositions; 1. of; 2. by; 3. from; 4. to; 5. along with;
6.of; 7. to.
Ex. 2. p. 78. Dog's history.
Karen Chung from Taiwan National University found historical background of mysterious symbol on the keyboard of a computer − @ (in Russian sobaka – a dog). This symbol is mentioned in the cultures of the earkiest people long before the computer age. In 1971 a programmist Rey Tomlinson developed the first program of e-mail for Arpanet (it becomes Internet) and chose of all symbols the one – @. In Greece it is called "duck", in Germany – "spider monkey", in other countries – "worm, yak's tail, bun (cinnamon/ sticky bun)", Essentially, @ is rather a mathematical notation, It was used as short for "at the rate of". These definitions are the closest to its natural meaning of the word "sobaka – a dog".
p. 78. Switch it.
Turn the page upside down.
Unit 7
Lab. work
Ex. 2 p. 80.
1.Many scientists made a great contribution in finding a planet outside of Uranium, thus Neptune was found.
2.By colliding protons with protons or protons with electrons, particle physicists have uncovered that all matter can be built from a number of quarks and leptons.
3.If one cannot distinguish gravity from acceleration one can always substitute the gravity force by being in an accelerating frame.
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4.Cosmologists use linear time in explaining the birth and growth of the universe.
5.Holding a press conference can be a kind of advertising campaign.
Class Ex. p. 85 Ex. 1
1 ones, 2. one, 3. one, 4. ones Ex. 3. p. 85.
The pull of gravity forms clouds of gases and these clouds become stars and galaxies. The stars bake the nuclei of helium, carbon, silicium and iron that form stardust. This dust makes up the asteroids and planets.
Some cosmologists don’t agree with this theory. They explain that the expansion of the universe is accelerating. Another theory says that the universe is in constant reproduction. This means that there are infinite “universes”. There isn’t one absolute theory, but an important observation is that the universe works in a rhythm of expansion and contraction.
The universe has only one basic component: energy. All the forms, from atoms to rocks, plants and people are different aspects of the same energy.
Ex. 1. p. 88.
1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T
Home exercises Ex. 2. p. 89.
Also the scattering of protons produced new strongly interacting par-
ticles beside the pion, which were named hadrons, some of them with a lifetime of some в 10–8 to 10-10, and some with a lifetime of 10-23 s. Mur-
ray Gell-Mann proposed that all the strongly interacting particles are indeed bound states of even more fundamental states, the quarks. This idea was eventually experimentally verified in the Stanford experiments in the years around 1970. To understand the forces inside the nucleus one really had to understand the field theory for quarks. Before describing the forces between quarks we have to discuss the other nuclear force, the weak one.
Ex. 3. p. 90. (Track 7 "Cool English" N 27)
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Unit 8
Lab. w. 8, p. 95.
Ex. 2. p. 94. Translate from R into Engl.
1.The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), the accelerator, used to accelerate protons and heavy ions which is being constructed at present in research center of CERN could be launched this September.
2.One of the main purposes of the project LHC could become experimental verification of the existence of the Higgs boson, the particle from Standard Model (SM).
3.Also, the research of properties of W and Z bosons, nuclear interactions in/at super high energies, the processes of birth and decay of heavy quarks (b and t.)
4.After launch, the LHC would be the most high power accelerator of elementary particles in the world, almost by the order of 10 exceeding in energy its closest competitors – proton-antiproton collider Tevatron which at present is working at National Laboratory or Fermilab in the USA.
5.Its construction could be started only in 2001, after CERN finished the previous large collider, the Large Electron-Positron Collider.
p. 99. Graffiti: 1–d, 2–m, 3–i, 4–h, 5–b, 6–a, 7–g, 8–l, 9–c, 10–j, 11–f, 12–k, 13–e.
Reading 8 B. p. 101.
Ex. 2. p. 101
True/False: 1. − F (increase); 2. – T; 3. – F (ion storage and cooler unit); 4. – F (six); 5. – T.
Ex. 2. p. 104. Black holes
If black holes can appear in the way of collision of elementary particles, they also will disintegrate into elementary particles according to the principle of CPT – invariance which is one of most fundamental pribciples of quantum mechanics.
Furthermore, if hypothetical stable black micro-holes existed, they would be formed in great numbers as a result of bombardment of the Earth with cosmic particles. But most part of coming from space high energy elementary particles have electrical charge, therefore part of black holes would be electrically charged. These charged black holes would be captured with the magnetic pole of the Earth and be they really dangerous, they would have damaged the Earth long ago.
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By the way, any black holes, charged or electrically neutral, would be captured by white dwarf and neutral stars (which as the Earth are bombarded with cosmic radiation) and destroyed them.
As a result the lifetime of white dwarf and neutral stars would be much shorter.
Unit 9
Ex. 2. p. 113: 2: a, c, d,
Ex. 3. p. 113: a−T, b–F, c−T, d–T, e–F, f–T, g–F
Ex. 5. p. 114: 1−b, 2–b, 3–c, 4–b.
Nobel Prize Quiz, p. 117
How much do you know about the Nobel Prize and its founder, Alfred Nobel?
i.From what invention did Alfred Nobel make his fortune?
1.Dynamite 2. X-rays 3. Antibiotics
ii.When was the first Nobel Prize awarded?
1.1895 2. 1901 3. 1969
3. Which family is the most successful when it comes to number of awarded Nobel Prizes?
1. The Braggs 2. The Curies 3. The Einsteins
(Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. Marie was also awarded th Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911, and their daughter Irene Joliot-Curie, was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935.
4.Who selects the Nobel Laureates each year?
1.The Nobel Foundation 2. The Nobel Prize awarding Institutions 3. The King of Sweden
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5. Why are the Nobel Prize Award Ceremonies on 10 December each year?
1.It was Alfred Nobel's birthday 2. It was that day he got his patent for dynamite 3. It was the day that Alfred Nobel died
6.All the Nobel prizes are awarded in Stockholm except one. Which one?
1.The Nobel Peace Prize, which is awarded in Oslo, Norway
2.The Nobel Prize in Literature, which is awarded in Helsinki, Fin-
land
3.The Nobel Prize in Chemistry, which is awarded in Copenhagen, Denmark
His will states that…(1)
7.One organization has been awarded a Nobel Prize three times. Which one?
1. Doctor without Borders (Medecins Sans Frontieres)
2.Amnesty International 3. International Committee of the Red
Cross
8.British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1953. In what prize category?
1. Literature 2. Peace 3. Physics
9.How many of the 777 Nobel Laureates are women? 1. 34 2. 68 3. 100
10.Which prominent public figure was never awarded a Nobel Peace Prize?
i. Mahatma Gandhi 2. Nelson Mandela 3. Martin Luther King
(10 correct out of 10. Congratulations! You certainly know a great deal about the Nobel Prizes.
A nice try! Find out more about the Nobel Prize at Nobelprize. org.) Ex. 2. p. 120. 1. practice; 2. jump; 3. trips; 4. memory; 5 rarely;
6. accurate.
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Home exercises
N2 p. 121.
The ability to speech, analysis, detailing, abstractions is provided by the left hemisphere of the brain. It works consistently, building a chain of algorithms, in terms of facts, details, characters, and is responsible for abstract-logical component of thinking.
The right hemisphere is able to perceive the information as a whole, to work directly through multiple channels and in terms of lack of information, to restore the whole from its parts. The work of the right hemisphere usually relates to creativity, intuition, ethics, ability to adapt. The right hemisphere provides the perception of reality in its entire diversity.
Unit 10
Home exercise N 3. p. 130
Household robots Main article: Domestic robot One of the earliest examples of successful implementation of the domestic media industry has become the mechanical robot dog AIBO corporation Sony.
In September 2005, the first anthropoid robot “Wakamaru” − produced by Mitsubishi – is on sale for the first time. The robot cost $ 15 thousand and able to recognize faces, understand some phrases, give information, perform some secretarial functions, monitor the premises.
All the big robots are gaining popularity-cleaners, in its essence – the automatic vacuum cleaner that can clean up alone in the apartment and return to the place to recharge without human intervention.
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